GEOL. Section 3 & 4

Which of the following is NOT true about the ten reference minerals of Mohs Hardness scale?

1) Diamond will scratch quartz, topaz, and corundum 2) Calcite will scratch fluorite, gypsum, and talc 3) Feldspars will scratch apatite, fluorite, calcite, gypsum, and talc 4) Topaz will scratch quartz, feldspars, apatite, fluorite, calcite, gypsum, and talc 5) Apatite will scratch fluorite, calcite, gypsum, and talc Correct Answer: 2) Calcite will scratch fluorite, gypsum, and talc

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the specific pieces of evidence Wegener had for continental drift?

1) Geometric fit of the continents 2) Marine, terrestrial, and glacial rock layers of the Late Paleozoic to the Middle Mesozoic are almost identical in age on all five Gondwanaland continents 3) Glacial moraine deposits and glacial striations from the Late Paleozoic Era are found on all five Gondwanaland continents 4) Glossopteris flora have been found on all five Gondwanaland continents 5) Vertebrate fossils of a freshwater reptile have been found in Permian-aged rocks in Brazil and South Africa 6) Magnetic striping of the ocean floor Correct Answer: 6) Magnetic striping of the ocean floor

Which is not a true statement?

1) Iceland is example of a divergent plate boundary called a rift zone 2) Kauai is the oldest island of the primary Hawaiian Island chain and it once existed over the Hawaiian/Pacific Hot-spot 3) Maui Lui broke apart 200,000 years ago and left a long trail of debris on the ocean floor 4) The youngest seamount of the Hawaiian Island chain is called Loihi Seamount and it is 400,000 years old 5) The oldest seamount of the Hawaiian Emperor Seamount chain is Meiji Seamount and it is at least 82 million years old 6) The largest volcano in the world is Mauna Loa 7) The most active volcano in the world is Kilauea 8) None of the volcanoes on the Island of Hawaii have glacial deposits or glacial striations 9) Hawaii is the youngest island of the primary Hawaiian Island chain and it currently rests over the Hawaiian/Pacific Hot-spot Correct Answer: 8) None of the volcanoes on the Island of Hawaii have glacial deposits or glacial striations

Which is NOT a true statement about minerals?

1) Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition 2) Minerals have a specific three-dimensional structure called a lattice 3) Up to 50 new minerals are annually designated by the Mineralogical Society of America 4) Approximately 3,800 minerals are currently name/identified on Earth 5) The Earth contains approximately 30 to 50 common minerals that make up a majority of rocks 6) The silica group of minerals includes quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and muscovite Correct Answer: 5) The Earth contains approximately 30 to 50 common minerals that make up a majority of rocks

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about cleavage and fracture?

1) Quartz exhibits fracture because the mineral does not break along specific planes 2) Mica exhibits cleavage because the mineral breaks along smooth surfaces or specific planes 3) One mineral could have 100 cleavage surfaces parallel to one another, which all represent one single cleavage, because the cleaved surfaces are each oriented in the same direction 4) When a mineral fractures, it breaks in an orientation that is not the same as the mineral's cleavage direction 5) All minerals have cleavage but not all minerals have fracture Correct Answer: 5) All minerals have cleavage but not all minerals have fracture

Which statement is NOT true about age dating of rocks?

1) Relative age dating compares the age of a rock with other rocks in a similar area 2) Index fossils provide a relative age to rock layers based on the specific fossils present in that rock layer 3) Carbon-14 is used to date fossils that are 100,000 years or older 4) Potassium-Argon dating is used to date rocks that are hundreds of million years old such as vertebrate fossils of dinosaurs, hominids, amphibians, birds, and mammals 5) Uranium-Lead dating can be used to date rocks that are billions of years old 6) Scientists use a variety of tests to determine the absolute age of rocks in years including assessments from tree rings, ice cores, and radioactive decay Correct Answer: 3) Carbon-14 is used to date fossils that are 100,000 years or older.

Which seafloor feature represents the edges of continents that are being bombarded by a convergent zone?

Active Margins

Which specific mineral property is the least effective method for identifying common minerals?

Color

Which specific mineral property makes it break along rough edges?

Fracture

Which mineral exhibits a higher specific gravity as compared to the other choices?

Galena

Which seafloor feature is an ancient submerged volcanic island that is flat on top?

Guyot

The Mohs Scale measures what mineral property?

Hardness

Which specific mineral property involves how a mineral reflects light?

Luster

Which of the following luster names would apply to pyrite known as Fool's Gold?

Metallic

Which is NOT classified as a silicate mineral?

Question options: 1) mica 2) feldspar 3) quartz 4) olivine 5) pyroxene 6) sulfate Correct Answer: 6) Sulfate

Which mineral identification method allows minerals to fizz when they are exposed to acids?

Reactivity/Effervescence

Which mineral property would be the easiest way to identify halite?

Taste

Which type of plate boundary occurs when two plates slide past one another?

Transform