Geology 1301 - Exam 1 Answers - Study guide For Final Exam

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #9

Corumdum

19. The most prominent feature on the ocean floor are the ______

Ocean Ridges.

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #6

Orthaclase

21. ____ is not a mineral,

Oxygen

34. Which Element is the most abundant in the earths crust by Weight?

Oxygen

Extrusive ignesious rocks are typically finer grained than intrusive rocks. Why?

The extrusive magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time to grow

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #1

talc.

35. The ions at the center of a silicate tetrahedron is surrounded by, _____

4 oxygen ions

20. which of the following is NOT true for Minerals? A. they can have a specific interal, Crystalline structure. B. They can be a liquid solid or Gas. C. They can have a specific, predictable chemical reaction. D. They can be identified by Characteristic physical properties.

B. They can be a liquid solid or Gas.

3. _____ is often paraphrased as "the present is key to the past." A. Biblical Prophecy B. Uniformitarianism C. Aristotelian Logic D. Catastrophism

B. Uniformitiarianism

A _____ is an open cavity in a volcanic rock that was filled by a gas bubble when the lava was still mainly liquid.

B. Vesicle.

7. The ___ refers to the sum total of all life on earth.

Biosphere

8. The ____ is not part of the earths physical environment.

Biosphere

40. What is the name of Dark Colored Mica?

Biotite

13. The _____ is the thinnest layer of the Earth.

Crust

5. Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition? A. Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils. B. Older strata generally are deposited on younger strat without intervening, intermediate age strata. C. Older fossils in younger strata indiacate a locally invereted geologic time scale. D. Any Sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers.

D. Any Sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers.

4. _____ a Popular natual philosphy of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Was based on a firm belei in a very short geologic history for Earth. A. Ecospherism B. Exoschism C. Uniformitarianism D. Catastrophism

D. Catastrophism

26. What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature?

Diamond

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #10

Diamond

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #4

Florite

____ has the highest specific gravity?

Gold

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #

Gypsum

41. Which magma is most likely to congeal to a natural glass? A. Highly Viscous; Cools quickly, B. Highly Viscous; Cools Slowly. C. Highly fluid, cools slowly. D. Highly Fluid; cools quickly.

Highly Viscous; Cools quickly.

38. Which of the following minerals is a ferromagnesian silicate? Quarts Orthoclase hornblende muscovite.

Hornblende

14. _____ rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.

Igneous

10. In correct order from center outward, Earth Includes which Units?

Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

48. Label the layers of the earth's interior on the diagram below by writing the name of the layer on the black provided for the correct location of the layer.

Know the layers of the earth.

45. On the attached world map, "Label the following lithospheric plates" by writing the name of the plate in its correct location: Jaun de fuca, Nazca, Pacific, Africa, Pilippine, south american, Caroline.

Know where these plates are located.

18. The continental Shelf is located _____.

Landward of the continental slope

29. Which of the following describes light reflecting characteristics of a mineral.

Luster

12. The asthenosphere is actually part of the _____ of earth.

Mantle

37. Which of the following minerals is in the mineral group known as mica? Calcite Muscovite Augite Olivine.

Muscovite Mica

39. Which of the following minerals is a sodium and calcium feldspar with striations. Orthclase Microline Plagioclase Sanidine.

Plagioclase feldspar

25. _____ denote positively charged, nuclear particles.

Protons

23. Each atom of the same element, Zinc for example, has the same number of, ________

Protons in the nucleus.

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #7

Quarts

Which mineral is composed of silicon dioxide, (SiO2)

Quarts

15. ______ Rocks always originate at the surface of the earth.

Sedimentary

22. A (n) ______ is not a fundamental particle found in atoms.

Selectron

31. Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the earths crust.

Silicates

33. All silicate minerals contain ____ and ____

Silicon and Oxygen

11. The composition of the core of the earth is thought to be, ________

Sold iron-nickle alloy

49. List below the five criteria that must be present in order for a mineral to be called a "True Mineral"?

Solid, Natural, Atom's in order Occurs Naturally.

47. Which layer of the atmosphere is the jet stream located?

Stratosphere

16. ______ is the process by which rocks break down in place to produce soils and sedi

Weathering

24. An atom's mass number is 14, and its atomic number is 7. How many neutrons are in its nucleus?

7 atoms.

32. How many elements compose the majority of Rock-Forming minerals.

8 elements

The sizes, shapes and arrangements of mineral grains in an igneous rock are known as ____.

Texture

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #5

Apatite

1. ____ was the highly influential, ancient greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings on natural philosophy and on the workings of the earth. A. Nero B. Odyesses C. Aristotle D. Pappagapolis.

C. Aristotle

2. ____ was an important eighteenth century english geologist and proponent of uniformiarianism A. Charles Lyell B Isaac Newton C. James hutton D. James Ussher

C. James Hutton

28. _____ reacts readily with acids such as hydrochloric.

Calcite

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #3

Calcite

30. The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, Parallel plains is known as ____

Cleavage

9. A(n) ____ system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves the system.

Closed

17. In Sedimentary Rocks, Lithifaction includes _____.

Compaction and Cementation

6. A ____ is a well tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations

Theory

What is the mineral on Moh's scale of hardness at, #8

Topaz

46. Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in?

Tropesphere