Geology Chapter 4

Double-chain silicates typically have _________ directions of cleavage.

2

An atom of carbon has six total electrons located in _________ electron shells.

2.

The [a] of a mineral is the external expression of the internal structure of the mineral, and is different from the [b] , which is the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding.

A. crystal form. B. cleavage.

Limestone and marble are composed of the carbonate mineral called ______________.

Calcite.

A rock with a ___________ texture is composed of pieces of other rocks

Clastic.

Which mineral property is the LEAST reliable for identifying a mineral?

Color

A rock has a __________ texture if it is composed of interlocking crystals.

Crystalline.

The mineral halite usually grows in a _____________ shape because of how its atoms are arranged.

Cube.

Which of the following pairs of minerals is NOT part of the same nonsilicate mineral group?

Gypsum & garnet.

Which of the following is a mineral?

Ice.

When atoms give or take electrons the result is called ____________ bonding.

Ionic.

A mineral is made of elements, and a rock is made of ______________.

Minerals.

If a mineral cleaves into thin sheets, it probably has

One dominant direction of cleavage.

Water is good at dissolving minerals because its molecules are ____________, meaning that the structure of the molecule makes it positive on one side and negative on the other side.

Polar.

____________ is an example of a single-chain silicate with a mafic composition.

Pyroxene.

Which of the following is a felsic silicate mineral?

Quartz.

The most abundant ELEMENTS in Earth's crust are oxygen and ___________.

Silicon.

An ion which has taken an electron has a [a] charge and is called a(an) [b] .

a: negative b: anion

Protons have a [a] charge, electrons have a [b] charge, and atoms that gain or lose electrons are called [c]

a: positive, b: negative, c: ion

Bonds which are formed by the sharing of electrons are called _______________.

covalent.

Which of the following is a common use of a mineral?

hematite and magnetite are used for iron and steel halite is used as salt phosphorous is used in fertilizer feldspar is used in ceramics

Hematite is a mineral in the _____________ group.

oxide.

Muscovite is an example of a silicate mineral with a ____________ structure.

sheet.

Silicon and oxygen commonly bond to form a _________________________ shape in silicate minerals.

tetrahedron