Geology final 2 modules

Predict what will happen to the equilibrium line of a glacier if there is an increase in temperature. A) The equilibrium line will move to lower elevation B) The equilibrium line will move to higher elevation C) The equilibrium line will stay at the same elevation

B) The equilibrium line will move to higher elevation

Projected increases in high temperatures in Fort Collins are _____________ for higher emissions scenarios and the difference between the emissions scenarios ___________ as time moves forward.

greater; grows larger

Glaciers ____________________________choose all that apply) - hold about 69% of Earth's freshwater - are bodies of ice that are large enough to flow under their own weight - will disappear each summer and then grow anew each winter - form from the accumulation of snow that doesn't melt during the summer - are only found in polar regions

- hold about 69% of Earth's freshwater - are bodies of ice that are large enough to flow under their own weight - form from the accumulation of snow that doesn't melt during the summer

How much will sea level rise if the entire ocean increases its temperature by 2 degrees C? Use these values for your calculations: Initial Volume of the Ocean = 1,340,000,000 km3 Surface Area of the Ocean = 362,000,000 km2 Give your answer in meters.

1.11

If a reservoir has a volume of 10,000 acre-feet, and sediment is being deposited in the reservoir at a rate of 100 acre-feet/year, how many years until the entire volume of the reservoir is full of sediment? Assume a constant sedimentation rate.

100

Longs Peak, a mountain in the Colorado Front Range has an elevation of 14,259 feet above sea level. Using an average erosion rate of 500 feet/million years, and assuming erosion is constant, about how long will it take until Longs Peak has been eroded to the elevation of Fort Collins (5,003 feet)?

18.5 million years

What is the business as usual global temperature increase by 2100 according to the En-ROADS (Links to an external site.) Climate Solutions Simulator?

4.1 degrees celsius

It is estimate that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet contains approximately 3,200,000 km3 of ice. If it all melted, how much would it contribute to sea level rise? Remember that the volume of water is 0.9 times the volume of ice, and use 362,000,000 km2 as the surface area of the ocean. Give your answer in meters.

7.96

About 3 million years ago, during the Pliocene, atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar to today, and global sea levels were about 20 m higher than they are today. Assuming that entire change was caused by changes in ice on land, how much less ice did we have then, compared to today? Use 362,000,000 km2 as the surface area of the ocean. Give your answer in km3.

8,044,444.44

Which of these potential future supercontinents assumes the closing of both the Atlantic and the Pacific and rifting of Eurasia?

Aurica

How are Earth System Models (ECMs) different from Climate Models?

ESMs simulate the interaction between the physical climate, the biosphere, and the chemical constituents of the atmosphere and ocean

Which of these regions of the world is expected to have the greatest increase in temperature by the end of the century according to climate models?

High latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere

Which of these statements best describes the solutions necessary to keep global temperatures from increasing more than 2° C?

It is possible to limit global warming to less than 2°C, but it will require large changes across many areas of society

What is the main cause of the glacial cycles during the Quaternary Ice Age?

Milankovich cycles

Which of these potential supercontinents assumes that present day plate movements continue in the future, so that the Atlantic continues to open and the Pacific keeps closing?

Novopangea

Compare the answer that you got in the previous question to the volume of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Greenland Ice Sheet. What does the sea level during the Pliocene imply about the size of those ice sheets at the time?

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Greenland Ice Sheet were likely completely or nearly gone.

Glaciers tend to erode _________________ valleys, while rivers erode _____________ valleys.

U-shaped valleys; V-shaped

A bowl-shaped basin that forms at the head of a glacial valley is known as a ______________. - nunatuk - col - horn - arete - cirque

cirque

Above the equilibrium line, accumulation is _______________ ablation; while below the equilibrium line, accumulation is ____________________ ablation.

more than; less than

Climate models project ________________ precipitation in the northern part of North America and ____________ precipitation in the southern part of North America by the end of the century

more; less

A reduction in the size of glaciers and ice sheets on land will lead to a ____ in global sea level.

rise

An increase in the temperature of the ocean would lead to a ___________ in global sea level because _______________.

rise; water expands as it is heated

Predict what will happen to the terminus of a glacier if there is an increase in average temperature. A) the position of the terminus will remain constant B) the terminus will extend to lower elevation C) the terminus will retreat to higher elevation

the terminus will retreat to higher elevation

What type of glacier is shown in the photograph below?

tidewater glacier

Sediments transported and deposited by a glacier are known as ________.

till