Geology SEDIMENTARY ROCK

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A mudstone is composed of particles ranging in size from than ____ mm to ____mm

.0035-.0625

Sand is cohesionless sediment ranging in size between ____ mm and _____ mm

.0625-2

Beds are thicker than _____ cm.

1 cm.

The process of reducing pore space by depositing younger sediments on top of older material is referred to as:

Compaction.

what is the significance of cross beds and ripples

Cross beds and ripples are sedimentary structures that indicate the general direction of wind or water currents during deposition.

Physical weathering?

The mechanical breakdown by plants, animals, abrasian, freezing/thawing

What does sorting refer to?

The range in grain size of sediment in a given sample. If it's well-sorted, they'll all be about the same size.

What would you call a carbonate rock composed of calcite and abundant pieces of clam shells

bioclastic limestone

A sedimentary rock composed of angular gravel is called a

breccia

Sand that is cemented with calcite is called

calcareous sandstone. or just sandstone.

a common mineral found in carbonate sedimentary rocks is

calcite

When rivers enter large bodies of standing water they typically debouche their loads

deltas

A dolostone is composed mostly of the mineral __________.

dolomite

what do you call accumulations of sand that are the result of blowing wind?

dunes or sand dunes

Oolitic limestone is an example of an organic carbonate rock.

false

Laminations are thicker than beds. True or false?

false.

The current adjacent to the cut bank moves ________than the current along the point bar side

faster

> 25% feldspar The ratio of feldspar to feldspar + rock fragments is > 50% matrix is > 15%

feldspathic wacke

All clastic sedimentary rocks display a ________ or _______ texture.

fragmental, clastic.

Grains of sand make up one component of a sandstone: ________ Grains smaller than the sand make up: _________

framework. Matrix.

> 25% feldspar The ratio of feldspar to feldspar + rock fragments is > 50% matrix is <15%

lithic arenite

Classic sedimentary rocks are composed of ______ and _____ _________ derived from pre-existing material

minerals, rock fragments

Alluvial fans develop at the base of

mountain fronts

If a sandstone inclues less than 15% matrix, and is composed of > 90% quartz.

quartz arenite

A mound shaped feature composed chiefly of the calcareous remains of sedentary marine organisms is a

reef

NaCl when found in rock form is referred to as ______ ___________

rock salt.

The angularity of the edges and corners of grains in a sedimentary rock is referred to as

rounding.

Whats the difference between shale and fissility?

shale exhibits fissility while a mudstone does not.

The cement in a sandstone is typically the result of the precipitation of minerals like quartz and calcite from....

solutions.

Sediment always carried above the river bed in the moving current is classified as

suspended load

Where are submarine fans found?

they are common features of continental rise environments

Graded beds are the result of deposition by

turbidity currents.

The pores of clastic sedimentary rocks are the _______ between grains

voids or empty spaces.

In general the greater the distance sediment is transported the more _________ and _______ sediment becomes.

well-sorted and rounded. Think of river.

how would you describe the property of fissility?

when you hit with rock hammer, separates into two parallel sheets

Major agents of erosion

wind, water, ice

Formations are generally considered to be mappable on a scale of

1:24,000

Gravels (including pebbles) are pieces of older rock material greater than

2 mm.

What is a contact?

A contact is a 3D surface separating rocks of different lithological aspect.

The largest clast size in the range of gravel is

BOULDER

Chemical weathering?

Chemical alteration of weathered material brought on by reactions with the hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere

What do mud cracks signify?

The evaporation of water and the drying out of sedimentary environment.

In the following illustration what are a b c d and e, from left to right...

a) shelf b) shelf-slope break c) slope d) rise e) abyssal plain

In the following illustration fill in the missing labels a). big ones b). little ones in spaces

a). framework grains b). matrix.

Strips of sand and gravel lying above sea level and paralleling the adjacent coastline but separated from it by a narrow body of water are called

barrier islands

A _____ is a strip of sand and gravel extending from the low- to high-tide line

beach

Sediment dragged or pushed or bounced along river bed is.....

bed load

An example of a siliceous chemical rock is

chert.

What is the name of the clastic sedimentary rock composed of particles less than .0035 mm?

claystone

Siltstones are coarser grained than

claystones

Rock that is the result of compaction of variably decayed plant matter is referred to as.....

coal.

Microfossils found in chalk

coccolithophore

A sedimentary rock composed of rounded gravel is called a

conglomerate


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