Geology SET 1

Which of the following data that geologists collected to investigate the movement of rocks on Race Track Playa is quantitative data? (Select all that apply) ... (Time-lapse Photographs) (Descriptions of the playa surface)

-Data from weather instruments -GPS measurements of rock movement

Which of the following are examples of qualitative data (rather than quantitative data) that we could collect to address a geologic question such as what formed Upheaval Dome in Canyonlands National Park (Links to an external site.)? (Select all that apply) ... (Compass measurements of the orientation of the rocks.) (Analysis of the concentrations of chemical elements in the rocks.)

-Drawings of the rocks -Descriptions of the rocks present in the area.

At which type(s) of plate boundaries are you likely to have volcanoes? (Select all that apply.) ... (Continental Collision) (Transform)

-Ocean-Continent Convergent -Ocean-Ocean Convergent -Ocean-Ocean Divergent

Science denial generally uses which of these rhetorical arguements? (Select all that apply) ... attacking the researchers who's findings they disagree with demanding equal media coverage for a "balanced" view claiming the science is unsettled forming arguments based on objective scientific evidence

-attacking the researchers who's findings they disagree with -demanding equal media coverage for a "balanced" view -claiming the science is unsettled

Which of these features would you expect to find at a convergent boundary where subduction is taking place? (select all that apply) ... (new ocean crust) (oceanic ridge)

-deep ocean trench -shallow earthquakes -deep earthquakes -accretionary prism -volcanoes

Which of these features would you expect to find at a convergent boundary where subduction is taking place? (Select all that apply.) ... (mid-ocean ridge)

-ocean trench -accretionary wedge -volcanic arc

Which of these features would you expect to find at a divergent boundary? (select all that apply) ... (deep earthquakes) (accretionary prism) (deep ocean trench)

-shallow earthquakes -ridge of elevated seafloor -volcanoes

Continental collisions are characterized by___________________. (select all that apply) ... (a narrow mountain chain on the edge of a continent) (frequent volcanic eruptions) (deep earthquakes)

-widespread shallow earthquakes -broad mountainous regions

Approximately how far would a tectonic plate travel in an average human lifetime?

1-10 meters

Read the three informal definitions of the term "science" that follow. All definitions include some information that is relevant to science. Place the definitions in order and rank them from best (1) to worst (3).

1.) Science is our attempt to understand our world. It's our knowledge about our existence as well as our search for explanations and new discoveries. 2.) Science is about the process of collecting observations and data to better understand the world. 3.)Science is about building up our store of knowledge. The more information we have, the more scientific our culture.

Examine the map below and answer the question that follows. How many plates are present? SEE PHOTO 1

5

Examine the map below and answer the question that follows. How many plates are present? SEE PHOTO 6

5

Examine the diagram below. The lettered objects represent volcanoes formed on an oceanic plate above a hot spot. The arrow illustrates the direction of plate motion. Which volcano is the youngest? SEE PHOTO 13

A

Examine the idealized maps which illustrate an oceanic ridge (double lines) separated by a transform boundary. Which image shows the correct plate motions associated with the transform boundary? SEE PHOTO 10

A

Examine the map above and answer the question that follows. Where would you find the youngest ocean crust? SEE PHOTO 3

A

Examine the map below and answer the question that follows. Which of these plates is subducting? SEE PHOTO 8

A

The map below shows the plate configurations along the western margin of North America. Which of the four diagrams on the right best represents a cross section through the outer layers of Earth along the line XY? SEE PHOTO 11

A

The schematic cross sections below illustrate four models of relative plate motions and plate boundary geometry. Which of the cross sections best represents the characteristics of the plate boundary at location 6 on the map below? SEE PHOTO 18

A

Which is the best description of a scientific study?...

A scientific study involves making hypotheses, collecting data, and performing experiments or testing claims, to reach a conclusion supported by evidence.

Which of these is the best description of a scientific study?

A scientific study involves making hypotheses, collecting data, and performing experiments or testing claims, to reach a conclusion supported by evidence.

Which of the following best matches the way the word theory is used in science?

A well tested idea

Examine the map above and answer the question that follows. Where would you find the youngest ocean crust? SEE PHOTO 7

B

The schematic cross sections below illustrate four models of relative plate motions and plate boundary geometry. Which of the cross sections best represents the characteristics of the plate boundary at location 2 on the map below? SEE PHOTO 16

B

The Google Earth Image below shows the topography of South America. Which region indicated by the letters would you expect to have the most tectonic activity (e.g. earthquakes and volcanoes)? SEE PHOTO 12

C

Examine the map below and answer the question. How are points D and E moving relative to each other? SEE PHOTO 9

D and E are moving away from each other

Match the chemical layers of the Earth with the correct descriptions.

Crust - The outermost chemical layer and the one we currently reside on. There are two types: ocean and continental. Mantle - The largest chemical layer by volume. Scientists hypothesize most of it is made of the rock peridotite. Core - Consists mostly of iron, nickel, and possibly some oxygen

The schematic cross sections below illustrate four models of relative plate motions and plate boundary geometry. Which of the cross sections best represents the characteristics of the plate boundary at location 8 on the map below? SEE PHOTO 17

D

Match the terms below with the correct definition.

Fact - A confirmed or agreed-upon empirical observation or conclusion. Hypothesis - An educated proposal to explain certain facts; a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation. Scientific Theory - An integrated, comprehensive explanation of many "facts," especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena.

Science provides answers to ethical dilemmas.

False

Review the map of the plates below and identify which pair of locations is moving further apart as a result of plate tectonics. SEE PHOTO 15

Galapagos Islands and Hawaii

Review the map of the plates below and identify which pair of locations is moving closer together as a result of plate tectonics. SEE PHOTO 14

Galapagos Islands and Rio de Janeiro

Review the map of the plates below and identify which pair of locations is moving closer together as a result of plate tectonics. SEE PHOTO 4

Hawaii and Tokyo

Which of these statements is a more accurate description about the relative roles of observations and hypotheses in science?

Hypotheses are only as good as the observations on which they are based.

Match the physical layers of the Earth with the correct description.

Lithosphere - Outermost physical layer of the Earth. It is broken into segments called plates. Asthenosphere - It is mechanically weak, this layer moves and flows due to convection currents created by heat coming from the earth's core Mesosphere - More rigid and immobile than the asthenosphere. Located at a depth of approximately 410 and 660 km below the earth's surface. Outer Core - The only entirely liquid layer within the Earth. Scientists believe the earth's magnetic field is generated by the circulation of molten iron and nickel within it. Inner Core - Hottest part of the Earth. Solid.

In the context of science, how would you classify the following statement? "The continued use of fossil fuels will raise global temperatures."... Observation Prediction

Prediction

Which of the following statements is an interpretation (rather than an observation) about the Boulder Creek Granodiorite? ... (The Boulder Creek Granodiorite is made up of a combination of quartz, plagioclase feldspar, biotite, muscovite, and amphibole.) (The Boulder Creek Granodiorite contains crystals large enough to see with the naked eye.) (The Boulder Creek Granodiorite can be found in the foothills to the west of Fort Collins.)

The Boulder Creek Granodiorite cooled slowly within the crust.

Which of the following is an observation that could be made about Upheaval Dome (Links to an external site.), rather than an interpretation? ... (The rocks were fractured by a meteorite impact.) (The used to be a crater above the dome that has been eroded.) (The horizontal layers of rock have been warped upward by flowing salt.)

The rocks in the center of the dome are severely fractured and deformed.

Which of the following statements about the Race Track Playa is an observation rather than an interpretation? ... (The rocks on the playa slide down as the mountains were forming.) (The rocks on the playa slide down from the surrounding mountains.) (The rocks on the playa formed at the same time as the surrounding mountains.)

The rocks on the playa have a similar composition to those found in the surrounding mountains.

The Principle of _____________ holds that the natural processes that operate today also worked the same way in the past; i.e. the present is the key to the past.

Uniformatarianism

One of the most important ideas in geology is the Principle of ___________, which states that natural processes that operate today also worked the same way in the past.

Uniformitarianism

The schematic cross sections below illustrate four models of relative plate motions and plate boundary geometry. Which of the cross sections best represents the characteristics of the plate boundary at location 1 on the map below? SEE PHOTO 5

b

New ocean crust is formed at which type of plate boundary?

divergent

Using the age and orientation of the eruptions from __________ , you can identify a specific rate and direction of plate movement. ... (continental collisions) (island arcs)

hot spots

Tectonic plates are made up of which layer of the Earth. Choose the best answer.

lithosphere

Is ocean crust more or less dense than continental crust?

more dense

As you move away from a mid-ocean ridge on either side the age of the ocean crust should get ________________.

older

Examine the map above and answer the question that follows. E is moving toward the ___________. SEE PHOTO 2

southeast

When two oceanic plates converge, which one will subduct?

the older/colder one

What is the term used for a boundary between two plates where the relative motion is horizontal, with the two plates sliding past one another?

transform