Geology test 3
In which of the following sedimentary environments would you expect deposits to be most poorly sorted?
glacial
Sedimentary rocks are
moved around by waves or flowing water, formed when plant and animals debris pressurize and build up, formed when water evaporates - all of these
In a ____ fault, the hanging wall block move up with respect to the footwall block.
reverse
What kind of metamorphism would you expect to see in the rocks at a meteorite impact site?
shock
Which of the following statements about metamorphism of a shale is false?
with increasing metamorphism, the grain size of the minerals gets smaller
Detrital sedimentary rocks have clastic textures.
True
Conglomerates suggest deposition by strong winds in a desert.
False
Which of the following best describes the conditions of contact metamorphism?
Pressures are fairly low, the rock is in the upper part of the crust, and heat is supplied from a nearby magma body.
__________, a common mineral found in igneous rocks, is the most abundant mineral in detrital/clastic sedimentary rocks.
Quartz
In a dip-slip fault, if the hanging wall block moved up relative to the footwall block, then the fault is classified as a ____.
Reverse fault
____ are the products of horizontally directed, tensional stresses.
Reverse faults
Which of the following types of currents can transport sand grains?
Rivers, wind, ocean waves
The ______ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates.
San Andreas strike-slip fault
The pressure and heat that drive metamorphism result from which three forces?
The internal heat of the Earth, the weight of overlying rocks, and horizontal pressures developed as rocks become deformed
In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.
True
Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sands in riverbeds and on beaches.
True
Assume that water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting. Which of the following statement is true?
Water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart.
A graben is characterized by _____.
a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
A clastic rock is:
a rock formed from the cementation of transported grains
n which setting would regional metamorphism be most likely?
at great depths in the crust where two continents are colliding
Hydrothermal metamorphism is very common in which of the following settings?
at mid-ocean ridges
edimentary rock that forms from the breakdown of organisms exhibits _____ texture.
biochemical, bioclastic
What major change occurs during metamorphism of limestone to marble?
calcite grains grow larger and increase in size
To which of the following groups does breccia belong?
clastic sedimentary
A rock composed of cemented, rounded pebbles is a
conglomerate
Which of the following sedimentary rocks would you expect to have originally been deposited by fast-moving streams?
conglomerate
n the cross section of a sand dune given above, the diagonal layers are called___
cross beds
In which of the following sedimentary environments would you least expect to find gravel?
deep marine
Which of the following sedimentary environments is dominated by waves and tidal currents?
deltaic
What is the most prominent textural feature of regional metamorphic rocks?
foliation
Which one of the following features is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks?
foliation
Which one of the following is an important, mechanical weathering process for enlarging fractures and extending them deeper into large boulders and bedrock?
frost wedging
Rounding is:
he grinding away of sharp edges and corners of rock fragments during transportation
Which is not a type of sedimentary rock?
intrusive
Which of the following rocks can be considered transitional between an igneous and a metamorphic rock?
migmatite
Shale refers to a rock formed from:
mud sized material
Which of the following groups represent the most abundant sedimentary rocks?
mudstones and shales
In a dip-slip fault, if the hanging wall block moved down relative to the footwall block, then the fault is classified as a _____.
normal fault
What foliated, metamorphic rock is texturally intermediate between slate and schist?
phyllite
During metamorphism, changes in the bulk composition of a rock occur primarily as a result of __________.
reaction with hydrothermal fluids
Jointing in rocks is characterized by _____.
roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement
_____ is a measure of the degree of smoothing due to abrasion of sedimentary particles.
rounding
The parent rock of quartzite is _______.
sandstone
Which of the following sequences describes the metamorphic changes in a shale with increasing metamorphic grade?
slate -> schist -> gneiss
With increasing distance, sediment transported by glaciers ______.
stays the same
A _____ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.
strike slip
The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of western United States formed in response to _____.
tensional stresses and normal-fault movements
In thrust faulting, _____.
the crust is shortened and thickened
Which of the following is not used to classify foliated rocks?
the degree to which minerals are segregated into lighter and darker bands
Which one of the following statements best describes erosion?
the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere
Ductile deformation occurs more readily in warm rock than in cool rock.
true
High-grade, regional metamorphism produces significant and recognizable changes in the textures and mineralogy of rocks.
true
Horizontal, compressive deformation involves shortening and thickening of the crust.
true
Oxidation of iron is an important chemical weathering process for ferromagnesian silicate minerals like olivine and biotite.
true
Coarse clastic material can be transported into a deep marine environment by ______ .
turbidity currents