Geology
Which of the following best describes Earth's system?
The Earth system has a nearly endless array of interconnected subsystems.
The gently sloping platform that extends seaward from shore, found along most coasts, is called ______________________.
The continental shelf
The geologic Time Scale represents ________________.
The entire 4.6 billion-year history of Earth.
According to the rock cycle which of the following statements is true?
Any rock type can ultimately be turned into any other rock type
Which of the following bets describes the fundamental concept of superposition?
Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers
_________________ was the highly influential, ancient Greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings on natural philosophy and on the workings of the Earth.
Aristotle
All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation EXCEPT for________________.
Assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation.
The ___________ is not part of the Earth's physical environment.
Astrosphere
_______________, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th and 18th centuries, was based on a firm belief in a very short geologic history of Earth.
Catastrophism
In sedimentary rocks, lithification includes______________.
Compaction and cementation
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Craton
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Crust
The ____________ is the thinnest layer of the Earth.
Crust
Which of the following is an Earth layer defined based on its chemical composition?
Crust
Which of the following choices best illustrates the proper order of the steps in a scientific investigation?
Develop observations, conduct background research, etc.
What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology?
Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks for and how erosion shapes the land surface.
Which of the following cycles moves water among Earth's 4 spheres?
Hydrologic cycle
_____________ Rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.
Igneous
The _____________________ is thought to be a liquid, metallic region in the Earth's interior.
Outer Core
The ______________ division of the geologic time scale makes up over 88% of geologic time.
Precambrian
_______________ rocks always originate at the surface of the solid Earth.
Sedimentary
Which one of the following statements is not correct?
Sedimentary rocks may weather to igneous rocks
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Shield
The composition of the core of Earth is thought to be ________.
Solid iron- nickel alloy
Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
The study of seismic waves
A ________ is a well tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations.
Theory
Which of the following is true of Earths continents?
They are relatively flat and have an average elevation that is quite close to sea level
Compared to the age of Earth accepted as correct today, how did 17th and 18th century proponents of catastrophism envision the Earth's age?
They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates.
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Transpiration
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Trench
____________ is often paraphrased as "the present is the key to the past"
Uniformitarianism
_______________ is the process by which rocks break down in place to produce soils and sediments.
Weathering
The currently accepted age of Earths is ____________ years.
4.6 billion
Active mountain belts are most likely to be found ________.
Along the margins of continents
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Biosphere
The _______________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth.
Biosphere
In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes what units?
Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust
The asthenosphere __________________.
Is a relatively weak zone within the mantle
_________________ was an important 18th century English Geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism.
James Hutton
The continental shelf is located ____________________.
Landward of the continental slope
The ____________ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.
Lithosphere
The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ___________ of the earth.
Mantle
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Metamorphism
The __________ proposes that the bodies of our solar system formed at essentially the same time from a rotating cloud of gases and dust.
Nebular Theory
Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Neptune
The most prominent feature on the ocean floor are the ________________.
Ocean Ridges