GERON Pre Final
A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ____________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Which of the following is a documented risk factor for developing cataracts?
Cigarette smoking
Because most adults in our society have internalized society's norms about what's right and wrong but do not necessarily have a true conscience, personality theorist Loevinger believed that they fall into the _______________ stage of ego development.
Conscientious-Conformist
Consistent with the ____________ model of aging and neuroplasticity, older adults are able to compensate by using the right hemisphere in processing language instead of the left.
HAROLD
Which parts of the body seem to undergo the greatest losses in touch sensitivity?
Hands and feet
People who have the anxiety disorder known as agoraphobia fear what type of situation?
Having a panic attack without being able to escape
Research has shown that the regular practice of _________ can help reduce an older person's risk of falling.
Tai Chi
Changes in the male sex hormone testosterone are referred to as:
andropause
Loss of appetite and muscle mass in the period before a person dies is referred to as the:
anorexia-cachexia syndrome
Of the following, which category of disorders has the highest lifetime prevalence?
anxiety
A middle-aged man, currently unattached, finds himself constantly longing to be as close as possible to his romantic partners. Eventually, his partners always leave him because he seems to be so clingy. Which type of attachment style does this man seem to have?
anxious
The communication predicament model is associated with which type of language directed toward older adults?
elderspeak
A 62-year-old woman was told by her physician, much to her own distress, that she needs to lose 15 pounds in order to reduce her risk of developing diabetes. Instead of following the physician's advice, though, she instead tries to make herself feel better by minimizing the importance of what she's just heard. This way of coping with stress is known as:
emotion-focused
Students don't always like it when their professors ask them not to text or go on Facebook during class, saying it doesn't affect their comprehension of class material. However, based on the research it's fair to say that:
everyone performs more poorly after multitasking, though older adults are more affected than young adults
Bilingual adults benefit because the task-switching required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:
executive functioning
The abilities to plan, use working memory, allocate mental resources to incoming tasks, and inhibit information are included in the cognitive skill known in psychology as:
executive functioning
Research on the olfactory sensation in older adults suggests strongly that one of the most important causes is:
exposure to environmental toxins
Studies linking personal disposition of openness to experience and activity in the ____________ of the brain suggest that there may be, in part, a biological component to creativity.
frontal lobe
By interpreting the paralinguistic elements of speech, such as _________________, older adults can compensate for not hearing every word spoken to them in a conversation.
gestures
A build-up of pressure within the eyeball is involved in which form of blindness that affects older adults?
glaucoma
An older adult's ability to drive may be affected by which normal age-related changes in vision?
greater sensitivity to glare
A 55-year-old man has a common age-related condition known as androgenic alopecia. This means that he is experiencing:
hair loss
The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:
harmful use of alcohol
According to research on stereotype threat, when older adults are made to feel aware of their age in a memory study, they will:
perform more poorly than otherwise
Attachment theorists propose that older adults seek relationships in which they can experience a "safe haven," which includes such sources as:
pets
As of 2016 at least three states, Oregon, Washington, and California, permit:
physician-assisted suicide
Adults who are currently involved in developing their sense of generativity may be concerned not only about others, but about their own legacy, a process referred to as:
redemptive self
One way you can communicate more effectively with older adults who suffer from hearing loss is to
reduce interference from outside noise
Although you may not realize it right now, the years of your late adolescence and early adulthood are likely to be best remembered by you in the future due to the phenomenon known as:
reminiscence bump
Your friend's great aunt shares with you the fact that she seems to be less able to lift weight than she could when in her 40s. She is experiencing which normal age-related change?
sarcopenia
An older adult who is living on a tight income and has to economize on the essentials of daily living should, according to the _______________, also have low levels of happiness and life satisfaction.
social indicator model
Critics of studies on aging and creativity point out that much of the research pays too little attention to:
sociocultural factors that advantage certain segments of society
Supporting the theory known as ____________, Isaacowitz's research on eye movements showed that older people prefer to look at the happy parts of a face.
socioemotional selectivity
Making older adults conscious about their age during a memory test is likely to trigger the condition known as _____________ in which their performance actually becomes worse.
stereotype threat
Researchers studying borderline personality disorder tendencies in older adults found those high in neuroticism to be more likely to show ______________ in which they create more problems in their lives.
stress generation
According to the "paradox of well-being," older adults with health or financial limitations remain high on:
subjective well-being
In the Type A behavior pattern, high scores on hostility seem strongly related to which health outcome?
Cardiovascular disease
The World Health Organization (WHO) model of active aging places emphasis on which personal factors?
Cultural attitudes toward older adults
The adrenopause observed in older adults reflects age-related changes in which hormone?
DHEA
The crude death rate provides information about which aspect of mortality?
Number of deaths divided by the size of the population
An important piece of U.S. federal legislation ensured the rights of dying patients to be able to have an active role in their care was the 1990 __________ Act:
Patient Self-Determination
A middle-aged psychologist is concerned about his father's driving because he worries that his father seems to be showing slips in his executive functioning. This means that the father is having the most difficulty in which aspect of driving?
Planning which route to take to avoid getting lost
Which of the following is an appropriate modification that clinicians should use when assessing older adult clients?
Taking physical limitations of the client into account such as arthritis.
The highest scores for older adults, and lowest age-related declines, are shown on which primary mental ability?
Word fluency
According to the ________________ view of bereavement the bereaved can continue to benefit from maintaining emotional bonds to the deceased individual.
attachment ?
Research on videogame training in young adults shows that these games have the effect of improving:
attentional control
Older adults who buy products aimed at helping them look younger, without questioning whether they really need those products are more subject to ageism, according to the _________ model.
communicative ecology
A 67-year-old woman is constantly organizing and re-organizing her kitchen cabinets, wanting every cup, plate, glass, and utensil to be in exactly the "right" place. Her behavior causes her distress, and although she would like to stop, she can't help herself. This behavior would be considered to be what type of psychological symptom?
compulsion
In the disease known as ________________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.
congestive heart failure
A large meta-analysis of research on six major personality traits showed the largest and steadiest increase on which trait?
conscientiousness
By using ___________ to guide them, older adults can compensate for age-related changes in memory and speed when comprehending language.
context
In everyday life, a person might express creativity in activities such as:
cooking
The ________________ principle would predict that, over time, a highly agreeable person would be more liked by other people, which would further increase that person's agreeableness over the years of adulthood.
correspondence
During working memory tasks, older adults have difficulty ____________ the brain's default network, meaning that they are less able to focus on incoming information.
deactivating
A major emphasis of psychodynamic theory is understanding the use of ________________ in adulthood.
defense mechanisms
In research on the attraction effect in problem solving, the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:
extraneous factors
Though very similar in many ways to Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia (MID) differs importantly in that it is caused by:
loss of blood supply to the brain
Exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing _______ cancer.
lung
Based on what researchers have discovered about the attraction effect, it is likely that in considering their behavior as consumers older adults should be more likely to:
make better decisions about what to purchase
Generalized anxiety disorder tends to affect a higher percentage of _____________ compared to the general population.
medical patients
Older adults who eat a diet that includes food rich in ____________ are likely to experience some cognitive benefits.
omega-3
A mental status examination of an older adult typically includes a measure of ______________, or knowledge of the time, the place, and the person's own identity
orientation
A young woman has noticed changes in her grandmother's behavior, including episodes of forgetting and confusion. When she goes to her grandmothers' home to visit, she notices in the bathroom a set of potentially psychoactive medications such as painkillers and anti-anxiety medications. A reasonable possibility for the granddaughter to consider is that her grandmother's symptoms are due to:
polypharmacy
The idea of what you could become at some point in the future is known as your:
possible self.
The model of self-regulation and driving predicts that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of:
self-confidence and need for independence
Older adults who have a low sense of memory ________________, the feeling that they cannot perform well on a memory test, are likely to have poorer scores when their memory is actually tested.
self-efficacy
Vocabulary, factual information, and historical knowledge fall into the category of ____________ memory, a process not affected by aging.
semantic
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is almost always caused by:
smoking
Among older adults from non-white racial and ethnic groups, especially those with low levels of education who are in poor health, the process of ________________ seems to explain the fact that their self-ratings of health are relatively high.
social comparison
Mixing up who said what in a conversation that happened in the past is an instance of ___________ memory failure, a problem that affects older more than younger adults.
source
Which of the following is a sociocultural contributor to suicide risk in older adults?
stress
The Women's Health Initiative study on sexuality showed that sexual satisfaction was related to:
successful aging in general
Through videogame training, researchers hope one day to demonstrate that the improvements in skills acquired in these platforms will help older adults improve in their everyday lives, a process known as:
transfer
Unlike memory loss caused by Alzheimer's disease, the symptoms of vascular dementia may be:
treatable
The ability to respond to stimuli in the periphery, relevant to the driving skills of older adults, is called:
useful field of view
Depressive symptoms can place the older adult at risk for developing which other diseases or conditions?
arthritis
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that, in 2012, the highest fatality rates were for drivers ages:
16-19
Approximately what percent of individuals with schizophrenia attempt to commit suicide during their lifetimes?
50
Surveys on adult populations measuring serious mental illness show that the lowest rates are reported in which age group?
65 and older
Which disorder is thought to be caused in part by malfunction of the APP gene?
Alzheimer's disease
A trained neuropsychologist assessing older adults is likely to use which type of procedures?
Tailoring the assessment to the client's age and symptoms
While checking in on an older adult patient whose husband is visiting her in the hospital, a nurse's aide finds them holding hands and kissing. The aide immediately laughs and says "That's so cute!" What is the aide's behavior referred to in the psychology of aging?
Elderspeak
An older adult client is being seen in a clinic to evaluate whether she has depression or a neurocognitive disorder. One indication that will help a clinician in making the diagnosis is that if she is depressed, she will show which behavioral tendencies?
Exaggerate the extent of her memory loss
The symptoms of social anxiety disorder involve, specifically, which types of thoughts and feelings?
Fear of looking foolish or embarrassed
Which qualities define the sense of "passionate commitment" among productive older adults?
High levels of flexibility and curiosity
Which characteristic is most likely to be seen by health care workers in an older adult who later commits suicide?
History of previous suicide attempts
Which of the following is a side effect involved in taking NSAID's for osteoporosis?
Kidney disease and ulcers
Which demographic category in the U.S. now has the highest suicide rates?
Males age 45-54
A 63-year-old man has never felt that he could settle on a career, and has explored three completely different areas of work since completing his medical degree at age 30. This man would fit which life pathway as described from research on the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study?
Meandering Way
Even in the absence of a neurocognitive disorder, people at risk of which medical condition are more likely to experience significant memory loss?
Metabolic syndrome
Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms?
Mild exercise
A true Mediterranean diet would include relatively little of which type of food?
Milk
Diabetes can be prevented and even treated by which behavior?
Monitoring weight and diet
Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is receiving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery. Luckily his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as:
Mr. Nino
Testing the limits is a method used in studies of aging and cognition to demonstrate which principle related to plasticity?
Reserve capacity
Shortly prior to death, an individual is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?
Visual hallucinations
Metabolic syndrome, a condition that places an individual at risk for heart disease and diabetes, involves which of the following criteria for women?
Waist size of 35 inches or more
The findings on executive function and lifestyle factors from Whitehall II showed that people whose abilities declined the most also tended to:
abstain from alcohol altogether
Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the memory loss of Alzheimer's disease?
acetylcholine
The ______________ hypothesis proposes that older adults are disproportionately slower on tasks that are more difficult.
age complexity
Psychologists may fail to recognize the symptoms of major depressive disorder in an older adult because they mistakenly assume that:
aging is naturally accompanied by greater feelings of sadness.
The medical and legal definition of death considers it to occur when:
all vital organs, including the brain have ceased functioning
A 34-year-old woman is struggling to overcome her extreme anxiety that her friends will desert her, so she tends to stay away from making new friendships. According to the attachment style perspective, she would be considered to be _________ in her attachment style.
avoidant
Psychologists who treat older adults for memory problems need to be aware of the possibility that their clients suffer from ______________, known to be associated with cognitive problems.
back pain
The view that it is noble to die for a cause characterizes the ____________ death ethos.
beautiful
A young woman is concerned about the mental health of her parents, who are heavily involved in the care of their aunt (her great-aunt) because they are the only family in the vicinity. The great-aunt has Parkinson's disease, which is now made her very incapacitated. The situation is referred to in the literature as:
caregiver burden
A psychological factor affecting the driving performance of older adults is:
changes in decision-time speed
Older adults may be more alert in the morning, and younger adults in the evening, reflecting age differences in:
circadian rhythm
A clinical psychology intern in a rural clinic is given the assignment by the psychiatrist of determining whether patients with Alzheimer's disease should be treated with Aricept (donepezil hydrochloride). In researching its side effects, she finds that it can cause:
dizziness, drowsiness, and fainting
Psychologists who work on integrative health care teams may be called in when patients make the choice not to have medical intervention when their heart or lungs shut down in what is called a(n):
do-not-resuscitate order
A cardiologist/Dr. Al Fresco/ sees many middle-aged and older patients who suffer from heart disease and all seem to share a certain personality trait. Based on longitudinal research on adults from college through midlife, which personality trait is this likely to be?
dutifulness
An individual's rate of decline prior to death is referred to as the:
dying trajectory
The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:
eat a diet that includes a relative balance among nutrients
You're having a chat with your older cousin who, at age 35, believes that he may never be able to get the kind of job for which he feels qualified. He sees himself as on his way to a dead-end career. Your cousin's beliefs fit into the concept of:
feared possible self
Researchers and clinicians use the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) to study the _____________ model of personality in adulthood.
five factor
According to research on _____________ memory, older adults are able to remember distinctive historical events as well as do younger adults.
flashbulb
An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees, shoulders, and wrists. If you were her physical therapist, you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in:
flexibility training
Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?
forgetting names of good friends or family
Studies linking personal disposition of openness to experience and activity in the ____________ of the brain suggest that there may be, in part, a biological component to creativity
frontal lobe
An appointment of a durable power of attorney for health care specifies who will serve as a(n)_____________ for an individual should he or she become incapacitated.
health care proxy
The effects of aging on working memory may be due to changes in which structure of the brain?
hippocampus
In the disorder known as _______________, individuals continually collect objects that they don't need, are unable to throw out those objects, and may clutter up their homes to the point of being almost unlivable.
hoarding
A 66-year-old woman, well past her menopause, is considering treatment to help offset cardiovascular changes and weakening of her bones. Which of the following is the most controversial of available approaches she might try in terms of overall health risks?
hormone replacement therapy
According to the communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA), the greatest influence on how well an individual ages is:
how individuals talk about their own aging
Beth is a middle-aged woman is quite annoyed with her boss, who is constantly asking that she complete time-consuming tasks right before the end of the day. Without realizing it, Beth finds herself completing the tasks, but doing so with occasional mistakes that her boss doesn't even notice. According to Vaillant, Beth is using what type of defense mechanism?
immature
Researchers have established that when older adults are given an _______ memory test, or one in which they don't know they're being tested, they perform as well as young adults.
implicit
As pointed out in socioemotional selectivity theory, people who value the _________ function of their relationships are likely to seek advice and practical tips from the people with whom they spend time.
informational
The tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter," or an inability to:
inhibit irrelevant information
Moving dying patients from the home to hospitals in mid-20th Century Western culture has led to the ethos of the _________ death.
invisible
The "predicament" in the Communication Predicament Model of aging and language refers to the fact that older people, because they appear to be in need of care, are talked to by others in ways that cause them to become:
less able to care for themselves
A psychologist studying successful aging prefers to measure the ways that older adults think about their lives than examining their emotions. It is likely that this psychologist will therefore measure successful aging on a scale of:
life satisfaction
The inner narrative that people create of their experiences up to the present point is called the:
life story
The healthy lifespan refers to the length of time that an individual can:
live without significant disease and disability
A physician working with a terminally ill patient and his family suggest that they consider palliative care. This means that the patient would receive:
medications to provide pain relief and some physical therapy, as desired
The family of an 83-year-old woman is distressed to learn that her recent development of the inability to get herself dressed, along with other memory problems, suggests that she is in which stage of Alzheimer's disease?
middle
The General Slowing Hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower primarily because of:
nervous system changes
Scaffolding theory in the area of cognitive aging comes closest to which concept in the area of aging and the nervous system?
neuroplasticity
Clinicians seek to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other neurocognitive disorders as soon as possible in their patients primarily because:
other disorders that look like Alzheimer's may be reversible if treated early on.
In the condition known as ______________, the individual has difficulty controlling urination and feels the need to urinate more frequently than normal.
overactive bladder
The opposite of palliative care is considered to be ____________, in which a dying patient is given unwanted medications and interventions.
overtreatment
A body mass index (BMI) in the range of 25-29.9 places the individual in the category of:
overweight
Unlike hospitals or nursing homes, hospices provide only______________ for their patients.
palliative care
Research following parents after the death of a child shows that:
parents are more likely to divorce after the death of a child
Highly creative older adults such as Grandma Moses, according to one view, are high in the quality of:
passionate commitment
In longitudinal research on ego development in women conducted by Helson and her colleagues at Mills College, the results showed that during the years of adulthood, women decreased in:
perceived femininity
Critics of the Rowe and Kahn model of successful aging contend that it is overly focused on:
physical health
Your best friend's grandparent always seems to have great advice whenever you are struggling in your relationship. This is because wise people are considered, in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, to be high in the ____________ of intelligence.
pragmatics
Middle-aged and older adults wear bifocals to correct for which age-related change in the eyes?
presbyopia
Adults 65 and over are most likely to abuse what type of illicit substance?
prescription drugs
People high in self-efficacy are likely to adapt to stress by using which type of coping methods?
problem-focused
The normal enlargement of the ___________ gland in men may cause difficulties with urination and pain.
prostate
An advantage of the MMSE for the assessment of an older individual is the fact that it is:
quick and easy to administer
The quality of _______________ refers being able to the ability to recover from stress.
resilience
Making sense of the story of your life prior to death is a process known as:
terror management
The concept of plasticity in the nervous system refers to the fact that:
the brain utilizes alternative neuronal pathways in order to maintain full function after being damaged and/or accumulated as aging-related neuronal changes accumulate
Being able to die in a way that protects the individual's sense of autonomy and control over end-of-life decisions is consistent with the idea of:
the good death
The two most important factors in aging skin are genetics and exposure to:
the sun
An important first step in psychotherapy with older adults is establishing a(n)___________ in which the client and clinician strive to collaborate in treatment.
therapeutic alliance
The main reason that older adults are more likely to die during extreme periods of cold weather is that:
they cannot maintain their core body temperature
You're the health care professional treating a 72-year-old woman who you determine suffers from arteriosclerosis. In explaining this condition to her, you inform her that this condition specifically is defined as involving:
thickening and hardening of the arteries
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?
thyroid
The Five Factor model of personality fits into which overall category of psychological theories?
trait
The group of productive older individuals given credit mainly for their contributions to children's literature in studies of aging and creativity consists primarily of:
women
Changes in which type of memory are most likely to affect the ability of an older adult to put words together in a sentence to convey the intended meaning?
working