GGY 230 Exam 1

Miami, FL recorded the following: High temperature: 32 °C Low temperature: 20 °C What is the daily temperature range?

12 °C

When is the warmest part of a typical day?

3 PM

You remove the pot of boiling hot water and set it on a cooler part of the stove. Which mechanism is responsible for cooling the pot of water?

All of the listed mechanisms cool the pot.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Landmasses have a higher temperature range than oceans.

Given the following cities and their elevations, which list ranks these cities in order from highest surface pressure to lowest surface pressure? Denver, Colorado at 1,609 m (5,280 ft) Panama City, Florida at 2 m (7 ft) El Aguilar, Argentina at 4895 m (16,059 ft)

Panama City, Denver, and El Aguilar Panama City has the lowest elevation so it has the most air above it and the highest pressure. El Aguilar has the highest elevation so it has the least air above it and the lowest pressure. Denver is in between these two elevation extremes.

________ is defined as the fraction of incoming sunlight that is reflected back to space.

Planetary albedo

Which of the following statements about dewpoint temperature is true?

The dewpoint temperature is equal to temperature in a cloud.

On the world temperature map for January (like Figure 3.17), notice that the west coast of the United States is warmer than the east coast if you look along the same latitude line. What is the best explanation for this?

The wind blows from west to east.

Scattering of sunlight off of air molecules during the middle of the day causes the sky to look _______.

blue

Clear skies at night lead to _____ cloudy skies at night.

colder temperatures than

Cloud formation is an example of _____ and _____ the air.

condensation; warms

You are boiling a pot of water on an electric stove. The pot sits directly on the heating coil and is primarily heated by _____.

conduction

How will the daily temperature range change if you moved from a desert to a rainforest at the same latitude?

decrease

If you move from Los Angeles, CA (at sea level) to Denver, CO (a mile above sea level), the average summer temperature will ______ and the average winter temperature will ______.

decrease; decrease

Which of the following phase changes would release heat to the surrounding environment?

deposition

If you move from the equator to a location in the mid-latitudes, the wintertime average temperature will _____ and the temperature range will _____.

decrease; increase

The lifting condensation level is the location of the _______.

first place where the air becomes saturated

Condensation is a phase change from _______ to _______, which _______ the surrounding air.

gas; liquid; warms

During a typical daily temperature cycle, the coldest time of the day is early morning and the warmest is mid-afternoon. Which of the following will cause the greatest reduction in daily temperature range?

high latitude

Most of the water on Earth is stored ___.

in the ocean as salt water

You are driving through the country and you notice isolated cumulus clouds in the sky. Which lifting mechanism is most likely responsible for these cumulus clouds?

localized convective lifting

The Sun is very hot, so it radiates _______ energy and the energy has a _______ wavelength than energy coming from Earth.

more; shorter

Which list ranks the gases in the present-day atmosphere from most abundant to least abundant?

nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide Most of the atmosphere is nitrogen. Nitrogen and oxygen make up 99% of the atmosphere.

Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana would experience clouds caused by all of the lifting mechanisms, except _____.

orographic lifting

Which of these is a good characteristic of an instrument shelter where you would want to put a thermometer?

painted white

Which of the following terms is a measure of the weight of the air above a location?

pressure Atmospheric pressure is simply the weight of the air above a particular location.

If an air parcel is warmer than the surrounding environment, then it will _____.

rise

Which of the following will enhance stability in the atmosphere?

snow on the ground

Which layers of the atmosphere are examples of temperature inversions?

stratosphere and thermosphere Both the stratosphere and thermosphere are regions where temperature increases with height. Ozone heats the stratosphere. In the thermosphere, the molecules are moving very fast, but there aren't many of them.

You go camping in Canada with a friend. You both go to bed when the Sun goes down and get up when the Sun comes up, but you both notice that you are not getting enough sleep! What time of year are you most likely near?

summer solstice

If a parcel starts with a temperature of 20 °C and is lifted 1 km into the air, the parcel is stable if ______.

the parcel is dry and the environment temperature at 1 km is 11 °C

Conditional instability is a situation in which _______.

the parcel is stable with respect to an unsaturated parcel and unstable with respect to a saturated parcel

Vapor pressure is defined as _________.

the part of the total atmospheric pressure exerted by water vapor

When temperature increases, _____.

the saturation vapor pressure increases

Which of the following moisture variables describes the actual amount of moisture in the air?

vapor pressure, dewpoint temperature, and mixing ratio

The concentration of what gas in the atmosphere can range from about 0% to near 4%?

water vapor Water vapor can vary from 0% in the driest deserts to about 4% in very humid rainforests.

The statement, "The highest temperature ever recorded was 56.7 °C (134 °F) in Death Valley National Park, CA on July 10, 1913" provides information that can help understand Death Valley's ______.

weather and climate This is both weather and climate because it describes atmospheric conditions at a particular time and location, as well as a statistical property (highest temperature ever recorded.)

The _____ can dictate how you dress on a particular day or whether you take an umbrella with you when you go out; the _____ can dictate the types of clothes you have in your closet and whether your home has an air conditioner, a heater, or both.

weather; climate Weather changes from day to day. Climate describes the usual conditions.

Chicago, IL recorded the following temperatures in one day: High temperature: 40 °F Low temperature: 32 °F What is the daily mean temperature?

36 °F

How is temperature defined?

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in a substance

Why does the Northern Hemisphere have warm summers? Choose all that apply.

- The Sun's rays hit the ground at a more perpendicular angle. - The Sun's energy is more concentrated. - Days are longer. - The north pole is tilted toward the Sun.

Part A: Which of the following characteristics of Earth's relationship to the Sun explains the existence of Earth's seasons? (choose all that apply) Part B: What is the June solstice? Part C: How does the inclination of Earth's axis change over the course of a year? Part D: What is the December solstice? Part E: When are the Sun's rays perpendicular to Earth's surface at the equator? (choose all that apply) Part F: Where does the length of day remain the same throughout the year? Part G: When do all locations on Earth experience equal lengths of day and night? (choose all that apply)

Part A: - Earth orbits around the Sun, completing one orbit each year. - Earth spins on its axis, completing one rotation each day. - Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane. - Earth's axis always points in the same direction relative to the stars. Part B: the time of the year when Earth's geographic North Pole is leaning most directly toward the Sun Part C: The inclination of Earth's axis does not change. Part D: the time of the year when Earth's geographic North Pole is leaning most directly away from the Sun Part E: - March Equinox - September Equinox Part F: at the equator Part G: - March Equinox - September Equinox

Part A: Match the type of heat transfer with its correct definition. Drag the definitions into their respective bins. Part B: Which of the following materials the best conductor of heat? Part C: In which material would convection occur? Part D: In which situation is radiation the most dominant form of heat transfer?

Part A: - Conduction: Movement of heat through a solid - Convection: Movement of heat via the movement of particles - Radiation: Movement of heat through space or air Part B: A filament in an incandescent light bulb Part C: The atmosphere Part D: The movement of heat from the Sun to Earth

Part A: During which of the following times does Buenos Aires, Argentina receive the same number of hours of sunlight as New York City, USA? (choose all that apply) Part B: During which of the following times does the North Pole receive no hours of sunlight? Part C: Given the location of the Sun and the tilt of the Earth in the image below, label which of the four locations represents the summer solstice, winter solstice, fall equinox, and spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, respectively. Part D: Based on the location of the Sun and the North Star, determine the orientation of the Earth's axis at each location.

Part A: - Fall equinox - Spring equinox Part B: Winter solstice Part C: (clockwise, starting at top) - spring equinox - winter solstice - fall equinox - summer solstice Part D: use option one in all four spaces, diagonal line from top left to bottom right

Part A: Which of the following factors influence surface temperatures? (choose all that apply) Part B: Based on what you know about how the angle of incidence of the Sun's rays affects temperatures on Earth, determine which of the following statements are correct. (choose all that apply) Part C: Where would you expect to find the highest temperatures in July? Part D: Where would you expect to find the lowest temperatures in July? Part E: Where would you expect to find the highest temperatures in January? Part F: Where would you expect to find the lowest temperatures in January?

Part A: - The angle of incidence of the Sun - The presence of land - The presence of ocean currents Part B: - The Southern Hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than the Northern Hemisphere during January. - The Northern Hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere during July. Part C: Land in the Northern Hemisphere Part D: Land in the Southern Hemisphere Part E: Land in the Southern Hemisphere Part F: Land in the Northern Hemisphere

Part A: The June and December solstices Part B: The March and September equinoxes Select all three that apply.

Part A: left globe, top row: - longer nights, shorter days - sun's declination, summer, northern hemisphere - midnight sun left globe, bottom row: - june solstice right globe, top row: - sun's declination, summer, southern hemisphere - equal days, nights right globe, bottom row: - december solstice Part B: - 12-hour daylength at all latitudes - Daylength decreases after autumnal equinox - Solar declination at the equator

Part A: According to the video, which of the following correctly identifies the projected percentage of people who will be living in urban areas in the next 50 years? Part B: Which of the following, according to the video is NOT a contributing factor of the urban heat island effect? Part C: According to the video, which of the following does the urban heat island effect NOT influence?

Part A: 80 percent Part B: wind speeds Part C: decreases in air pollution levels

Part A: What is the approximate length of the day in the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City on January 1st, from first light to total darkness? Part B: On March 22 and September 22, which placemarked location has a solar-noon Sun angle of 66.5 degrees? Part C: On December 22, which placemarked location has a solar-noon Sun angle of 21.5 degrees? Part D: Assuming measurement is done at solar-noon on the equinox, which of the labeled layers A through E would receive the same amount of energy from the Sun as the Sample Location site?

Part A: 9 hours Part B: D Part C: C Part D: C

Part A: Which of the following statements is true? Part B: Which of the following statements about coastal and inland temperatures are correct? (choose all that apply) Part C: Porto, Portugal is located on the coast of the Iberian peninsula, while Madrid, Spain is located at a similar latitude inland from Porto. Using the graph provided, determine which of the following statements are true.

Part A: Coastal cities on the Pacific coast have warmer temperatures than inland cities during the winter. Part B: - During the course of the year, the highest monthly average temperature would occur in an inland city. - During the course of the year, the lowest monthly average temperature would occur in an inland city. Part C: - Line B is a temperature profile for the inland city of Madrid. - Line A is a temperature profile for the coastal city of Porto.

Part A: Which location receives the most sun energy per unit area during the winter solstice? Part B: Which location receives the most sun energy per unit area during the spring equinox? Part C: When do the Sun's rays hit the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes at the highest angle? Part D: What causes it to be colder in the winter and warmer in the summer in the northern hemisphere?

Part A: Equatorial regions Part B: Equatorial regions Part C: Summer solstice Part D: Summer temperatures are warmer because more sun energy per unit area is received during this time.

Part A: In terms of the study of the composition of the atmosphere, what could these two data sets be used to analyze? Part B: At which of the following locations does the atmosphere exhibit the greatest variation in water vapor? Part C: Which of the following best explains the pattern of atmospheric carbon dioxide seen above Slovakia in January 2004? Part D: Based on your knowledge of the relationship between photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon dioxide, which of the following region and date combinations exhibits the most unexpected CO2CO2 readings?

Part A: The temporal variation in the distribution of water vapor in a column of air Part B: The region surrounding Lake Chad Part C: The relatively high levels of CO2CO2 are a result of diminished photosynthesis and respiration by flora during the low-sun season. Part D: High values over the southeastern United States during July

Part A: Rank the following temperatures from highest to lowest. Part B: Which of the following statements correctly explain how radiation and cloud cover interact? (choose all that apply) Part C: Which of the following situations would lead to the highest nighttime temperatures?

Part A: high to low - High temperature on clear days - High temperature on cloudy days - Low temperature on cloudy days - Low temperature on clear days Part B: - More outgoing radiation is reflected back to Earth on cloudy nights than is reflected on clear nights. - More incoming radiation reaches the surface of the Earth on clear days than does on cloudy day Part C: Clear conditions during the day and cloudy conditions at night

Part A: Phase transitions such as freezing, condensation, and vaporization take place continuously. Identify everyday weather occurrences in terms of these transitions. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Part B: Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Part A: in order - more than - less than - same as - absorbed - released Part B: clockwise, starting on left - most likely to strengthen cyclones - least likely to strengthen cyclones - third most likely to strengthen cyclones - second most likely to strengthen cyclones