GI 5- Digestive and GI Function (PrepU- Chap 43)
Blood streaks on stool
A client reports a history of bleeding hemorrhoids to the nurse. Which observation supports the client's statement?
allergic reactions -the client must be screened for this risk Any allergies to: -contrast agents, iodine, or shellfish must be determined before administration of a contrast agent -Clients allergic to the contrast agent may be premedicated with a corticosteroid and antihistamine.
A common risk from IV contrast agents is:
20%; eating
Blood flow to the GI tract is about ______ of the total cardiac output and increases significantly after __________
hydrochloric acid
Clients with duodenal ulcers usually secrete an excess amount of:
duodenum
If the pancreas was functioning correctly, where would the bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system?
Gastric musosa
Pepsin is secreted by the:
at the ileum and ends at the anus
The lower GI tract begins and ends where?
at the mouth and ends at the jejunum
The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract begins and ends where?
Amylase
What digestive enzymes aids in the digesting of starch?
Small bowel enteroscopy
Which procedure is performed to examine and visualize the lumen of the small bowel?
Xiphoid process in the epigastric region
which landmark as the upper boundary for auscultating bowel sounds?
weakness, dizziness, sweating, palpitations, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea
Dumping syndrome produces what symptoms:
increased motility of the stomach excitation of the colon relaxation of ileocecal sphincter contraction of the gastroesophageal sphincter
Gastrin has what effects on GI motility:
gastric mucosa; B12; pernicious anemia
Intrinsic factor, secreted by the ____________, combines with dietary vitamin ______ so that the vitamin can be absorbed in the ileum. In the absence of intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed and _______________ results.
increase fluids
The client, returning from an upper gastrointestinal series, needs to ________________ in an effort to eliminate the barium from the body through a bowel movement
Helicobacter pylori; peptic ulcer disease -antibiotics should be avoided one month before the test -avoid loperamide, sucralfate, and omeprazole for 1 week prior to the test -avoid cimetidine, famotidine, and nizatidine for 24 hours before the test -During the test, the client swallows a capsule of carbon-labeled urea and a breath sample is obtained 10 to 20 minutes later
The hydrogen breath test detects the presence of ________________, the bacteria that causes __________________.
glucose
The major carbohydrate that tissue cells use as fuel is
Red or white plaque located on the undersurface of the tongue
The nurse inspects a client's tongue. Which finding would the nurse evaluate as an indication of potential oral cancer?
Serum antibodies for H. pylori
The nurse is instructing the client who was newly diagnosed with peptic ulcers. Which of the following diagnostic studies would the nurse anticipate reviewing with the client?
Epigastric area and consider possible radiation of pain to the right subscapular region
The nurse is investigating a client's report of pain in the duodenal area. Where should the nurse perform the assessment?
inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
The nurse should perform the abdominal assessment in which order?
inhibits -decreases gastric motility and secretion -causes blood vessel constriction -creates an inhibitory effect on the GI tract stimulates -increases peristalsis -increases secretary activities
The sympathetic nervous system __________ the gastrointestinal tract and the parasympathetic nerve ____________ the tract
-A weakened gag reflex -decreased motility -atrophy of the small intestine -Atrophy of the gastric mucosa- impairs Vit B12 and iron- ↑ risk for anemia; decreases hydrochloric acid secretion=increased intestinal flora- ↑ risk for infection -decreased mucus secretion -Dulling of nerve impulses- ↑ risk for constipation -less control of the rectal sphincter
What are some changes of the GI system that are an age-related change?
coagulation studies -PT, aPTT, INR, platelet count -a major complication after a liver biopsy is bleeding -Clients at risk for serious bleeding may receive precautionary vitamin K
What diagnostic tests are obtained prior to a percutaneous liver biopsy?
Trypsin
What is an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine?
Dyspepsia (difficult digestion; indigestion) -involves a combination of symptoms: abdominal pain, bloating, distention, nausea, and belching. -refers to altered digestion that is not associated with a pathologic condition
What is the most common symptom in a client with GI dysfunction?
Biopsy
What is the most definitive means of assessing for liver disease?
Pyloric sphincter
What is the opening between the stomach and duodenum?
LUQ
What quadrant of the abdomen is to be palpated or percussed for a patient with pancreatitis.
supine with knees flexed -This position assists in relaxing the abdominal muscles
When examining the abdomen, the client lies:
gastric motility
smoking stimulates what?