GI tract PHARM

The nurse is educating a client with end-stage renal failure about newly prescribed aluminum hydroxide. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "This medication binds with phosphates from food to decrease absorption." B. "This medication is used to decrease urea to prevent urticaria." C. "This medication will coat the lining of the stomach to decrease acid production." D. "This medication treats hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium in the intestines.

*A. "This medication binds with phosphates from food to decrease absorption."

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. Which lab value will the nurse monitor to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the medication? A. Glucose B. Ammonia C. Potassium D. Bicarbonate

*B. Ammonia

Which information would the nurse include when teaching a client about the administration of ranitidine? A. Ranitidine increases gastrointestinal peristalsis. B. Ranitidine reduces gastric acidity in the stomach. C. Ranitidine neutralizes the acid that is present in the stomach. D. Ranitidine stops the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

*B. Ranitidine reduces gastric acidity in the stomach.

1) A client is to receive metoclopramide intravenously 30 minutes before initiating chemotherapy for cancer of the colon. The nurse explains that metoclopramide is given for which purpose? A. To stimulate production of gastrointestinal (GI) secretions B. To stimulate peristalsis of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract C. To prolong excretion of the chemotherapeutic medication D. To increase absorption of the chemotherapeutic medication

*B. To stimulate peristalsis of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract

In evaluating the effects of lactulose (Cephulac), which outcome would indicate that the drug is performing as intended? A. An increase in urine output. B. Two or three soft stools per day. C. Watery, diarrhea stools. D. Increased serum bilirubin.

*B. Two or three soft stools per day.

Which nursing intervention would prevent stimulation of the pancreas in a client with acute pancreatitis? A. Maintain the gastric pH at a level of less than 3.5. B. Encourage the resumption of activities of daily living. C. Administer the histamine H 2-receptor antagonist as prescribed. D. Ensure that the nasogastric tube remains in the fundus of the stomach.

*C. Administer the histamine H 2-receptor antagonist as prescribed.

Why would lactulose be prescribed for a client with a history of cirrhosis of the liver? A. The desire to drink alcohol is decreased. B. Diarrhea is controlled and prevented. C. Elevated ammonia levels are lowered. D. Abdominal distension secondary to ascites is decreased.

*C. Elevated ammonia levels are lowered.

A client is prescribed aluminum hydroxide for peptic ulcer disease. Which statement by the client demonstrates an understanding of the action of the medication? A. It decreases the production of gastric secretions. B. It produces an adherent barrier over the ulcer. C. It helps maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above. D. It slows down the gastric motor activity.

*C. It helps maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above.

The nurse is administering a histamine H 2 antagonist to a client who has extensive burns. Which complication will it prevent? A. Colitis B. Gastritis C. Stress ulcer D.Metabolic acidosis

*C. Stress ulcer

Which advantage does aluminum and magnesium hydroxide have over baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) for the treatment of heartburn? A. They can be used for short-term relief. B. Absorption by the stomach mucosa is markedly enhanced. C. There is no direct effect on the systemic acid-base balance when taken as directed. D.Fewer side effects, such as diarrhea or constipation, are experienced when they are used properly.

*C. There is no direct effect on the systemic acid-base balance when taken as directed.

Which mechanism is specifically responsible for the action of the medication ranitidine? A. Inhibiting proton pumps B. Promoting the release of gastrin C. Regenerating the gastric mucosa D. Inhibiting the histamine at H 2 receptors

*D. Inhibiting the histamine at H 2 receptors

Famotidine is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which mechanism of action is a characteristic of this medication? A. Increases gastric motility B. Neutralizes gastric acidity C. Facilitates histamine release D. Inhibits gastric acid secretion

*D. Inhibits gastric acid secretion

The nurse is reviewing a plan of care for a client who was admitted with dehydration as a result of prolonged watery diarrhea. Which new prescription will the nurse question? A. Oral psyllium B. Oral potassium supplement C. Intravenous normal saline D. Magnesium citrate

*D. Magnesium citrate

A health care provider prescribes famotidine for a client with dyspepsia. Which statement is important to include in a teaching session about famotidine? A. Lowers the stress level B. Neutralizes gastric acidity C. Reduces gastrointestinal peristalsis D.Decreases secretions in the stomach

*D.Decreases secretions in the stomach

Which mechanism of action explains how aluminum hydroxide decreases serum phosphorus? A. Binding with phosphorus in the intestine B. Promoting excretion of phosphorus C. Promoting excretion of excessive urinary phosphates D.Dissolving stones as they pass through the urinary tract

*A. Binding with phosphorus in the intestine

A nurse administers cimetidine to a 79-year-old male with a gastric ulcer. Which parameter may be affected by this drug and should be closely monitored by the nurse? A. Blood pressure B. Liver enzymes C. Mental status D. Hemoglobin

*C. Mental status

The nurse is providing medication teaching for a client prescribed famotidine for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I will take this medication once a day in the morning B. I will no longer have discomfort at night once I begin this medication C. This medication will both prevent and treat heartburn D. My treatment will be done in one week

*C. This medication will both prevent and treat heartburn

The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client with chronic kidney disease about the prescribed aluminum hydroxide. Which is the best statement by the nurse about this medication? A. "It decreases phosphate levels." B. "It increases urine output." C. "It reduces potassium levels." D. "It controls stomach acid secretions."

A. "It decreases phosphate levels."

The nurse administers cimetidine to a 75-year-old client diagnosed with a gastric ulcer. The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse reaction? A. Mental status change B. Increased liver enzymes C. Constipation D. Hearing loss

*A. Mental status change

The nurse is teaching a client with chronic renal failure about their medications. The client questions the purpose of taking aluminum hydroxide. How should the nurse respond? A. "It increases your urine output." B. "It decreases your blood's phosphate levels." C. "It is taken to control gastric acid secretions." D. "It will reduce your blood's calcium levels."

B. "It decreases your blood's phosphate levels."

A client prescribed omeprazole for gastroesophageal reflux disease reports a new occurrence of significant diarrhea. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. 'Stop taking your omeprazole.' B. 'This is a normal side effect of omeprazole.' C. 'We are going to collect a stool sample for testing.' D. 'Antidiarrheal medication can be used to decrease this.'

C. 'We are going to collect a stool sample for testing.'

Which administration instruction would the nurse give a client prescribed ranitidine 150 mg daily to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD)? A. As needed B. With meals C. At bedtime D. Before meals

C. At bedtime

Which effect may be experienced by a client who reports frequently taking calcium carbonate? A. Diarrhea B. Water retention C. Rebound hyperacidity D. Bone demineralization

C. Rebound hyperacidity

A client with cirrhosis of the liver asks the nurse about the purpose of taking lactulose. How should the nurse respond? A. "It is used to control portal hypertension." B. "It adds dietary fiber to your diet." C. "It helps to regenerate your liver." D. "It helps to reduce ammonia levels in your blood."

D. "It helps to reduce ammonia levels in your blood."

Which condition is treated with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)? A. Diarrhea B. Vomiting C. Cardiac dysrhythmias D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

The nurse is assessing a client who began taking omeprazole a month ago. Which finding by the nurse, indicates that the drug has had the desired effect? A. Blood pressure readings are lower B. Feelings of depression are not as severe C. Chronic pain level is markedly decreased D. Heartburn discomfort is lessened

D. Heartburn discomfort is lessened

A health care provider prescribes oral antacids and intravenous ranitidine for a client with burns and crushing injuries caused by an accident. The client asks how these medications work. Which explanation would the nurse provide? A. 'These medications work together to decrease bowel irritability.' B. 'They limit acidity in the gastrointestinal tract.' C. 'They are very effective in clients with multiple trauma.' D. 'These medications decrease nausea and vomiting.'

*B. 'They limit acidity in the gastrointestinal tract.'

Which concern would prompt the nurse to contact the health care provider when a client with gastric ulcers receives a prescription for ranitidine 150 mg twice a day? A. Ranitidine can increase the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. B. An administration route is not specified. C. Ranitidine is contraindicated for gastric ulcers. D. Ranitidine should be given with an adjuvant.

*B. An administration route is not specified.

The nurse is preparing to administer prescribed IV pantoprazole to the hospitalized client. The medication has been stocked in tablet form. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? A . Administer the medication to the client in oral form B. Call the pharmacy to stock the correct form of the medication C. Request that the healthcare provider change the order to tablets D. Ask the pharmacist if it is safe to give the client oral pantoprazole

*B. Call the pharmacy to stock the correct form of the medication

The nurse administers lactulose to a client with cirrhosis of the liver. Which laboratory test change leads the nurse to determine that the lactulose is effective? A. Decreased amylase B. Decreased ammonia C. Increased potassium D.Increased hemoglobin

*B. Decreased ammonia

A health care provider prescribes bed rest, loperamide, and esomeprazole for a client who just had major surgery. After several days of this regimen, the client complains of diarrhea. Which treatment strategy would the nurse conclude is the cause of the diarrhea? A. Loperamide B. Esomeprazole C. Bed rest D. Diet alteration

*B. Esomeprazole

The nurse is counseling a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who has been taking prescribed famotidine for two days. Which statement would require immediate follow up by a healthcare provider? A. I take digoxin for my heart failure B. I use calcium carbonate if I have symptoms after meals C. I use alendronate for my osteoporosis D. I'm still having some symptoms of heartburn.

A. I take digoxin for my heart failure

The nurse is providing teaching to the client taking metoclopramide. Serious side effects that should be reported to the provider are included in the teaching plan. Which of the following side effects is the priority? A. Involuntary muscle movements B. Report of increased fatigue C. Onset of headaches D. Difficulty with sleep

A. Involuntary muscle movements