GL13- Airspace

Washington DC SFRA. select all rules that apply to flying in the Wash. SFR within the distances shown from DC VOR:

1. Bw 60-20 NM > FAA special awareness training > max speed 230 knots 2. Bw 30 NM and FRZ > FAA special awareness training > SFRA flight plan > discrete transponder code > contact with ATC > max speed 180 kts 3. Inside the FRZ > general flight prohibited

class E airspace req.

14,500 ft to 17,999 ft MSL, and above FL600 - dimensions VFR min visibility and distance from clouds: 3 statue miles below 10,000 MSL, 5 statute miles at or above 10,000 MSL Clouds: 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, 2,000 ft horizontal below 10,000 MSL; 1,000 ft below, 1,000 ft above, one statute mile horizontal and then just a student pilot cert for entry and equp. requirements. done need radio com. or transponder or ifr plan or atc clearance

class C weather min:

3 statute miles visibility cloud clearance : 500 ft bellow, 1,000 above, 2,000 horizontal

true statement about class D airspace boundaries

class d may include extensions for instrument procedures when the tower is not in operation, class D airspace becomes either class E or a combo of E and G

class A operating procedures

identify aircraft t o atc by means of mode C transponder. set alt. to standard setting of 29.92 inHg. so everyone has same setting. all alt expressed in flight levels in this airspace instead of ft.

controlled and uncontrolled

uncontrolled : atc doesnt exercise control over air traffic. not req. to communicate with atc. need only a student pilot cert. equip. requirements are minimal. you must conform to vfr minimum visibility and cloud clearance restrictions controlled : atc exercises control over air traffic subject to operating rules, including communicating with atc ust comply with pilot quals. and any aircraft equipment requirements (transponder) must confrom vfr min. visibility and cloud clearance

Class G boundaries

typically extends from the surface to the base of the overlying class E airspace

airspace classes (6)

uncontrolled airspace - G Controlled airspac- A, B, C, D, E Each defined by lateral and vertical dimensions. floor refers to the lowest altitude at which the airspace class begins ceiling is upper limit of the airspace

national security area (NSA)

where pilot are req. to avoid flight for increased security of ground facilities. shown by dashed magenta lines. may temp. prohibit flight by NOTAM

operating procedures that apply in class D airspace:

you must be authorized by ATC prior to arriving in, departing from, or flying through class D airspace prior to entering the space of a satellite airport wit ha closed control tower, you must contract the primary airport's control tower to obtain clearance

VFR weather min. for class D

min. flight visibility : 3 statute miles min. distance from clouds: 500 ft below, 1,00 ft above, and 2,000 ft horizontal

class D vfr minimums

minmim. flight visibility : 3 statute miles. must maintain cloud clearance of 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, and 2,000 ft horizontal

TFR est:

near disaster/ hazard areas . ex. direct radiation, ordinance exposal.

class b pilot and aircraft req.

need at least a private pilot cert. student pilots can fly through with an endorsement from a CFI though. aircraft needs: 2 way radio, mode c transponder, and VOR or TACAN for IFR

class d airspace boundaries:

normally extend from the surface to a designated MSL altitude ( usually 2,500 ft AGL) Lateral bounderies: can include one or more extensions based on the instrument procedures for the primary airport. airspace over an airport is Class D only when the tower is in operation. when the tower closes, the airspace changes to E or a combo of E and G. check sectional charts or airport/facility directory to determine hours of operation

class G airspace on charts

not explicitly located on charts. Most space not depicted as B,C,D,or E is class G airspace. note the hard edge vs soft edge for the boundaries. all airspace outside class E boundary is class G in the image depicted slide 3.

class B operating procedures

obtain clearance to enter class B. advise ATC intended ALTITUDE and ROUTE prior to departing an airport in class B obtain permission to fly through class B airspace at an assigned alt., even after departure from an airport other than the primary airport

Temporary flight restrictions (TFR) purpose

regulatory actions temp. restricting certain aircraft in an area to protect person or property in air or ground issues in a NOTAM. tells you what time.

special use airspace

1. alert area- unusual aerial activities. parachute jumping, glider towing student pilot area 2. Military operations area- military maneuvers, acrobatic and abrupt flight maneuver at high speed 3. warning area- actibity may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft over domestic and international waters extending outward from 3. nm 4. restricted area- invisible hazard to aircraft like artillery firing, guided missiles 5. prohibited area- for sercurity of national welfare reasons 6. controlled firing area- activities discontinued immediately when a spotter aircraft, rador , or ground thinkgs aircraft is approaching

what is req for operating within the Contiguous U.s ADIZ

1. an ifr or defense (DVFR) flight plan 2. two way comm with appropriate atc facility 3. departure from the ADIZ within 5 mins of the flight plan estimated departure time 4. a mode c transponder set to the assigned code

under which condition will ATC not issue special vfr clearances

1. at night, if you dont have a current instrument rating 2. any time that the ground visibility is at least 3 stat miles and cloud ceiling is at least 1,000 ft AGL 3. any time at airports with the designation "no SVFR" 4. during the day, when the weather is below vfr min. and there is conflicting IFR traffic

what are the min. weather conditions for operating under a special VFR clearance?

1. clear of clouds 2. one stat. mile

class E airspace on charts.

1. dashed magenta line indicates class E airspace beginning on the surface 2. magenta gradient band indicates airspace beginning at 700 ft AGL. Soft edge of magenta band identified class E space beginning at 700 ft agl. Outside the band, class E beings at 1,200 ft or greater. 3. blue gradient band- indicates space that begins at 1,200 ft AGL or higher that abuts class G airspace. hard edge of blue band identifies class E beginning at 1,200 ft or greater for ex on slide 3 4. jagged blue line indicates floor of class E airspace at 700 ft AGLG. when it varies due to terrain. so jagged blue line may identify class e airspace beginning at 8,500 MSL as ex. 5. straight blue line labeled with a radial and the letter V followed by 2 or 3 numbers indicates Victor airway. you can tell how many miles are bw navaids along the route . v611 with box number 110 means there are 110 miles bw navaids. A rectangular extension of class e airspace normally aligns with an instrument approach procedure

Types of TFR

1. disaster/hazard TFR are st to protect ppl or property on surface or in the air from hazard assoc with incident on surface 2. TFRS are in effect for NFL games from on hour before the schedueld event time until one hour after the event concludes 3. VIP TFRs are flight restrictions in the proximity of the pres, vp, or gov officials 4. FAA issues emergency air traffic rules if an emergency condition exists, or will exist that affects ability to operate the atc system 5. space flight TFRs may activate existing special use airspace 6. a standing NOTAM applies to any MLB, NFL, NCAA division 1 football game. prohibits plane ops at or below 3,000 ft agl within 3 nm radius of any stadium with capacity of 30,000 ppl or more

airspeed limitations

1. flights below 10,000 ft MSL, do not exceed indicated airspeed of 250 knots 2. when in class C or D at or below 2,500 ft above surface and within 4 NM of primary airport, don't exceed 200 knots indicated airspeed 3. don't exceed 200 knots in airspace underlying a class B area or in VFR corridors through class B either

special vfr clearance: even if you can maintain vfr min, you can operate only within B,C,D, or E airspace that extend to the surface around an airport when:

1. ground visibility is at least 3 statute miles 2. cloud ceiliing is at least 1,000 ft AGL you may get special vfr clearance from atc when: 1. weather is below VFR min 2. There is no conflicting IFR traffic this clearance enables you to enter, leave, or operate within most class C, D, and E surface areas and some clss B areas if : 1. flight visibility is at least 1 stat. mile 2. you can remain clear of clouds

what are possible upper boundaries (ceilings) of class G airspace

1. normally 700 ft or 1,200 feet agl 2. 14,500 ft agl in some remote areas of the US 2. 1,500 ft agl as an exception when 14,500 ft MSL is actually lower than 1,500 agl

class c aircraft req.

1. two way radio 2. mode C transponder ( even when operating above class C airspace ceiling up to 10,000 ft MSL) contact atc prior to entering the 10 NM outer area of class C airspace

special use airspace

1. warning area- may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft 2. alert area- unusual activities like parachute jumping occur 3. restricted area- has invisible hazards to aircraft 4. MOA- military training and maneuvers are conducted 5. prohibited area- est. for security or other reasons assoc with national welfare 6. controlled firing area- contains activities that are discont. immmediately when a spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout personnel det. that an aircraft may be approaching the area

in which of these situations would you be in Class E airspace

1. you are flying along V204 at 1,500 ft 2. you're flying 2,000 ft above class B airspace 3. you're flying above Class D 4. you're flying 1,200 ft below class a airspace

class D airpsace on charts

Blue dashed line- denotes class D

Washington DC SFRA dimensions

DC Special flight rules area (SFRA) airspace where the ready identification, location, and control of aircraft is req in the interest of national security. >>> all airspace within 30 nM of the washington dc VOR Surface to FL 180 (18,000 ft msl) Flight restricted zone (FRZ) highly restricted within 13-15 nm radius DC VOR- directly over the capital

Terminal radar service area (TRSA) basic radar service and separation bw all IFR ops and participating vfr traffic. Depicted with solid gray line and alt for each segment

TRSA

VFR transition route vs. VFR flyway vs. VFR corridor

VFR transition route - specific flight course for transiting the airspace, which still req. you to obtain a clearance to enter the airspace VFR Flyway- route in the vicinity of class B. because you are not in the actual class B, you are not req. to obtain ATC clearance VFR corridor - airspace with specific vertical and lateral boundaries that allows you to fly through class b without a clearance from, or communication with ATC

ADIZ

air defense identification zone- facilitate early identifcation of all planes in the vicinity of a nation's airspace boundaries. AIM and FAR part 99 specify req to enter US ADIZ. 1. you must file IFR or defense VFR flight plan with time and point you plan to enter 2. need mode C transponder 3. maintain 2 way comm. with appropriate ATC 4. depart atiz within 5 mins of estimated departure time in the flight plan

class E

as private pilot - will be here mostly. federal airways (victor airway) are class E. from 1,200 ft AGL up to but not including 18,000 ft MSL. mostly based on vortac navaids.

Class G- VFR weather min. are based on alt and whether you fly at night

at or below 1,000 ft agl need to be clear of clouds and 1 statute mile of visibility (day) (night) req. increase. 500 ft below cloud and 1,000 above, and 2,000 ft horizontal from cloud and 3 mile visibility Bw 1200 and 10,000 ft MSL : 500 ft below, 1,000 above, 2000 ft horizontal from cloud and 1 mile visiblity (day) 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, 2,000 ft horizontal from coud and 3 mile visibility above 10,000 ft msl the day and night req. are the same: 1,000 ft below, 1,000 ft avove, 1 mile horizontal from cloud and 5 statute mile visibility

class C

atc provides radar service to all ifr and vfr aircraft. mandatory participation. two circular boundaries. inner circle ( core surface area) normally covers 5 NM radius) >>>> extends from surface to 4,000 ft AGL outer circle (shelf area) normally covers 10 NM radius from the center of airport. Extends 1,200 ft to 4,000 ft AGL

class A boundaries

begins 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 600. covers most of conterminous states. VFR flight not allowed up there. must be instrument rated, file IFR flight plan and comply with atc instructions. extends 12 NM outside coast

class E weather mins. differ based on alt

below 10,000 msl : min is 3 statute miles. must maintain cloud clearance of 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, and 2,000 ft horizontal above 10,000: min visibility is 5 statute miles . must maintain cloud clearance of : 1,000 ft below, 1,000 ft above, and 1 statute mile horizontal. if weather mins dont match this, you must be instrument rated, and have filed a IFR flight plan with ATC clearance for class E airspace

emergency air traffic rules

can be used to let FAA implement temp flight restrictions in an emergency.

criteria for class A

dimensions 18,000 ft MSL up to and including FL 600 no weather min. instrument rating IFR flight plan with ATC clearance; transponder with Mode C

criteria for class C

dimensions: 5 NM radius core, which extends from surface to 4,000 ft above elevation of primary airport, 10 NM shelf extending from 1,200 ft to 4,000 ft above airport elevation; 20 n outer area visibility: 3 statute miles, clouds: 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, 2,000 horizontal entry/equipment req: student pilot cert, and radio com. ; transponder with Mode C

criteria for class B

dimensions: layers of airspace with floors and ceilings designated by a MSL alt denoted on sectional VFR in. visibility : 3 stat. miles and clear of clouds entry and equip req: private pilot cert. and ATC clearance; transponder with Mode C

criteria for class D :

dimensions: surface to 2,500 ft AGL over an airport VFR min visibility : 3 miles cloud clearance: 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, 2,000 horizontal entry and equipment req: student pilot cert and radio comm

VIP TFR

flight restricitons in proximity of president, vice president or other gov. officials. most restricted around prez. ex. prez. TFR 30 nm outter ring and two inner rings. from surface to 18000 ft

if u penetrate an area with security related flight restrictions and are intercepted by military ro law enforcement aircraft, what actions do u take

follow instruction from intercepting plane, attempt to contact intercepting aircraft or ATC on 121.5 MHz, and squak 7700

class E operating procedures

follow weather mins. but there are no pilot certification, equipment, or entry requirements when flying under VFR in class E. Unless a temporary control tower is in place, you're not req to comm. with ATC. What you can expect from class E : > traffic advisory services on request. (from atc) > weather reporting services from a weather ovserver or automatic weather observation equip. when class e airspace begins at the surface of the airport

class D operating procedures

general rule: avoid entering class D airspace except to take off or land No special pilot req for operating here but you must communicate with ATC prior to arriving in, departing from, or flying through class D airspace. so your aircraft must be equipped with two way radio. satellite airport may be located in the class D airspace. then contact satellite control tower, if it is in operation for arrival and departure. contact primary airport's control tower for arrive and departure if satellite tower is not in operation or if airport is nontowered. contact the primary airport's control tower as soon as practicable after takeoff when departing a satellite airport that does not have a tower

military training route MTR

if at or below 1,500 ft below AFL can be VR or IR you arent restricted from flying through MTRs. excercise caution TRSA - with solid gray line. designated for low level military training flights in excess of 250 knots. identified by 4 digit nubmers at or below 1,500 ft agl and 3 digit number above 1,500 ft agl

Intercept Actions

if u penetrate an area with security related flight restrictions an are intercepted by US military or law enforcement if intercepted DO NOT adjust alt. heading or airspeed follow intercepting aircraft instructions attempt to contact the aircraft or ATC at 121.5 and provide your identity, position, and nature of flight. squak 7700 unless otherwise instructed

Washington DC SFRA req

if u plan to fly within 60 miles : 1. you must complete washington dc sfcra special awareness training. print certificate and present at the req. of faa, law enforcement, or tsa authority. 1. know that flight is restricted in the flight restricted zone for general aircraft 2. to fly within 30 nm ring. - file Special flight rules plan with specific entry and exit points. have discreet transponder code Must comply with speed restriction 230 knots bw 60 and 30 nm ring and 180 knows inside the 30 nm ring

Local airport advisory LAA

in alaska.

visual intercept signals

interpret visual signal and take action to comply. one will fly to left of you. and the other will be behind you. rocks wings or flashes ligh. rock your wing to acknowledge. they will break away if they understand your intention. rock wing to acknowledge if the aircraft to your left performs a slow level turn, match the heading and follow. if u dont follow intruction. the other aircraft may dispense flare. immediately follow plane after it flares. if it overflies a runway, land on a runway. if u cant land then circle bw 1,000 to 2,000 ft agl wait for further instructions

Class D airspace

is the controlled airspace around an airport that has an operating control tower but provides no radar services

determine if TFR affects fligthst

listen to NOTAM online or on phone brief. or at tfr.faa.gov always follow up during flight planning. notams include: 1. location of effected area 2. start date and time 3. type of tfr or reason 4. faa coordination number 5. area dimension and affected alt 6. operating restrictions and req. 7. other info.

as private pilot you can get special vfr clearance

only during day. ATC wont issue special clearance bw sunset and sunrise unless: you have instrument rating and plane equipped for instrument flight at major airports, you cant obtain special vfr clearance for fixed wing. you can identify these airports on sectional charts by phrase NO SVFR ex. if cloud ceiling below 1,000 ft AGL and visibility is below 3 stat. miles, you can't obtain a special VFR clearance to enter surface area or land at DFW in a fiex wing plane. if this weather was present, you'd need to divert to another airport.

Class B

separates arriving and departing traffic at the super busy airports. also serves other aiports in the area. concentric levels that vary in size. like an upside down wedding cake. each layer has varying lateral and vertical dimensions. range from surface up to 10,000 ft MSL (generally)

Class B on charts:

solid Blue line. likely have multiple rings representing successive layers of class B

class C airspace on charts

solid magenta line that appears in a circle around an airport. inner circle identifies core area which has 5NM radius and outer circle is the shelf area with 10 NM radius

TFR - Space flight, air shows/sports/ security

space flight - safe enviro. for launch ( FL, NM, CAli) air shows- give min airspace needed for event special security instructions - relate to national defense. standing notam that applies to any major league baseball, nfl etc. prohibt all aircraft operataions within 3 nm. 1 hr before event to 1 hour after event. > prohibits all plan ops at or below 3,000 ft AGL within 3 NM radius of any stadium or seating area with 30,000 or more ppl

VFR transition routes, corridors, and flyways

to accommodate vfr traffic through class B airspace. you must still get clearance to enter airspace VFR corridor is airspace with vert and lateral boundaries allowing you to fly through class b space w/o clearance or comm. with atc

vertical and lateral boundary for class B

vert boundary of class B is typically 10,000 MSL. lateral boundaries vary

class b vfr min

visibility 3 statute miles & remain clear of clouds