Gleim Study Unit 2: Airplane Instruments, Engines, and Systems

If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate A. lower than the actual altitude above sea level. B. higher than the actual altitude above sea level. C. the actual altitude above sea level.

higher than the actual altitude above sea level. When flying from higher pressure to lower pressure without adjusting your altimeter, the altimeter will indicate a higher than actual altitude. As you adjust an altimeter barometric setting lower, the altimeter indicates lower.

Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude? A. Air temperature lower than standard. B. Atmospheric pressure lower than standard. C. Air temperature warmer than standard.

Air temperature warmer than standard. In air that is warmer than standard temperature, the airplane will be higher than the altimeter indicates. Said another way, the altimeter will indicate a lower altitude than actually flown.

The pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument? A. Altimeter. B. Vertical-speed indicator. C. Airspeed indicator

Airspeed Indicator The pitot system provides impact pressure, or ram pressure, for only the airspeed indicator.

Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude? A. In colder than standard air temperature. B. In warmer than standard air temperature. C. When density altitude is higher than indicated altitude.

In colder than standard air temperature. The airplane will be lower than the altimeter indicates when flying in air that is colder than standard temperature. Remember that altimeter readings are adjusted for changes in barometric pressure but not for changes in temperature. When one flies from warmer to cold air and keeps a constant indicated altitude at a constant altimeter setting, the plane has actually descended.

Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration? A. Upper limit of the green arc. B. Upper limit of the white arc. C. Lower limit of the white arc.

Lower limit of the white arc The lower limit of the white arc indicates the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing position.

Which instrument will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged? A. Altimeter. B. Vertical speed indicator. C. Airspeed indicator.

Airspeed Indicator The pitot-static system is a source of pressure for the altimeter, vertical-speed indicator, and airspeed indicator. The pitot tube is connected directly to the airspeed indicator and provides impact pressure for it alone. Thus, if the pitot tube becomes clogged, only the airspeed indicator will become inoperative.

Which instrument(s) will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged? A. Airspeed indicator only. B. Altimeter only. C. Airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator.

Airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator. The pitot-static system is a source of air pressure for the operation of the airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator. Thus, if the static vents become clogged, all three instruments will become inoperative.

Altimeter 1 indicates A. 4,500 feet. B. 1,500 feet. C. 500 feet.

500 Ft The long, thin needle is between 0 and 1 (<10,000); the short needle is between 0 and 1 (<1,000); and the long, wide needle is on 5 (500). Therefore, the altimeter indicates 500 feet.

What is the full flap operating range for the airplane? A. 55 to 100 kts. B. 55 to 208 kts. C. 55 to 165 kts.

55 to 100 kts. The full flap operating range is indicated by the white arc on the airspeed indicator. The airspeed indicator in Fig. 4 indicates the full flap operating range is from 55 to 100 kts.

If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs? A. 70-foot increase in indicated altitude. B. 70-foot increase in density altitude. C. 700-foot increase in indicated altitude.

700-foot increase in indicated altitude When increasing the altimeter setting from 29.15 to 29.85, the indicated altitude increases by 700 feet. The altimeter-indicated altitude moves in the same direction as the altimeter setting and changes about 1,000 feet for every change of 1" Hg in the altimeter setting.

Altimeter 3 indicates A. 9,500 feet. B. 10,950 feet. C. 15,940 feet.

9,500 Altimeter 3 indicates 9,500 feet because the shortest needle is near 1 (i.e., about 10,000 feet), the middle needle is between 9 and the 0, indicating between 9,000 and 10,000 feet, and the long needle is on 5, indicating 500 feet.

Altimeter 3 indicates A. 9,500 feet. B. 10,500 feet. C. 4,500 feet.

9,500 The long, thin needle is past the fourth tick mark and just before the 1 (<10,000); the short needle is between the 9 and 0 (representing more than 9 thousands of feet); and the long, wide needle is on the 5 (representing 5 hundreds of feet). Therefore, the altimeter indicates 9,500 feet.

Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration? A. Upper limit of the green arc. B. Upper limit of the white arc. C. Lower limit of the green arc.

Lower limit of the green arc The lower airspeed limit of the green arc indicates the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration. "Specified configuration" refers to flaps up and landing gear retracted.

What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators? A. Never-exceed speed. B. Maximum structural cruising speed. C. Maneuvering speed.

Maneuvering speed. The maneuvering speed of an airplane is an important airspeed limitation not color-coded on the airspeed indicator. It is found in the airplane manual (Pilot's Operating Handbook) or placarded on the flight deck. Maneuvering speed is the maximum speed at which full deflection of the airplane controls can be made without incurring structural damage. Maneuvering speed or less should be held in turbulent air to prevent structural damage due to excessive loads.

Which altimeter(s) indicate(s) more than 10,000 feet? A. 1, 2, and 3. B. 1 and 2 only. C. 1 only.

1 and 2 only Altimeters 1 and 2 indicate over 10,000 feet because 1 indicates 10,500 feet and 2 indicates 14,500 feet. The short needle on 3 points just below 1, i.e., below 10,000 feet.

Altimeter 2 indicates A. 500 feet. B. 1,500 feet. C. 4,500 feet.

1,500 Ft The long, thin needle is to the right of 0, just before the first tick mark (<2,000); the short needle is halfway between the 1 and 2 (representing 1.5 thousands of feet); and the long, wide needle is on the 5 (representing 5 hundreds of feet). Therefore, the altimeter indicates 1,500 feet.

To receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be A. set prior to flight on a known heading. B. calibrated on a compass rose at regular intervals. C. periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses.

periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses. Due to gyroscopic precession, directional gyros must be periodically realigned with a magnetic compass. Friction is the major cause of its drifting from the correct heading.

In the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when A. a left turn is entered from an east heading. B. a right turn is entered from a west heading. C. the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading.

the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading. In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south if an airplane is decelerated while on an east or west heading.

19)What is the maximum flaps-extended speed? A. 65 kts. B. 100 kts. C. 165 kts.

100 Kts The maximum flaps-extended speed is indicated by the upper limit of the white arc. This is the highest airspeed at which a pilot should extend full flaps. At higher airspeeds, severe strain or structural failure could result. The upper limit of the white arc on the airspeed indicator shown in Fig. 4 indicates 100 kts.

Altimeter 1 indicates A. 500 feet. B. 1,500 feet. C. 10,500 feet.

10,500 The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000-foot intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000-foot intervals, and the long needle indicates 100-foot intervals. In altimeter 1, the shortest needle is on 1, which indicates about 10,000 feet. The middle-length needle indicates half-way between zero and 1, which is 500 feet. This is confirmed by the longest needle on 5, indicating 500 feet, i.e., 10,500 feet.

Which altimeter(s) indicate(s) more than 9,000 feet? A. 1, 2, and 3. B. 1 and 2 only. C. 3 only.

3 Only Altimeter 3 indicates 9,500 feet. Altimeters 1 and 2 both indicate under 9,000 feet.

The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air is A. 100 kts. B. 165 kts. C. 208 kts.

208 Kts The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air is indicated by the red radial line. The airspeed indicator in Fig. 4indicates the red line is at 208 kts.

What is the caution range of the airplane? A. 0 to 60 kts. B. 100 to 165 kts. C. 165 to 208 kts.

165 to 208 kts. The caution range is indicated by the yellow arc on the airspeed indicator. Operation within this range is safe only in smooth air. The airspeed indicator in Fig. 4 indicates the caution range from 165 to 208 kts.

What is the maximum structural cruising speed? A. 100 kts. B. 165 kts. C. 208 kts.

165 Kts The maximum structural cruising speed is the maximum speed for normal operation and is indicated as the upper limit of the green arc on an airspeed indicator. The upper limit of the green arc on the airspeed indicator shown in Fig. 4 indicates 165 kts.

Altimeter 2 indicates A. 1,500 feet. B. 4,500 feet. C. 14,500 feet.

14,500 Altimeter 2 indicates 14,500 feet because the shortest needle is between the 1 and the 2, indicating about 15,000 feet; the middle needle is between 4 and 5, indicating 4,500 feet; and the long needle is on 5, indicating 500 feet, i.e., 14,500 feet.

If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 to 29.96, what is the approximate change in indication? A. Altimeter will indicate .15" Hg higher. B. Altimeter will indicate 150 feet higher. C. Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.

Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower. Atmospheric pressure decreases approximately 1" of Hg (mercury) for every 1,000 feet of altitude gained. As an altimeter setting is changed, the change in altitude indication changes the same way (i.e., approximately 1,000 feet for every 1" change in altimeter setting) and in the same direction (i.e., lowering the altimeter setting lowers the altitude reading). Thus, changing from 30.11 to 29.96 is a decrease of .15 in., or 150 feet (.15 × 1,000 feet) lower.

How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from an attitude indicator such as the one illustrated? A. By the direction of deflection of the banking scale (A). B. By the direction of deflection of the horizon bar (B). C. By the relationship of the miniature airplane (C) to the deflected horizon bar (B).

By the relationship of the miniature airplane (C) to the deflected horizon bar (B). The direction of bank on the attitude indicator (AI) is indicated by the relationship of the miniature airplane to the deflecting horizon bar. The miniature airplane's relative position to the horizon indicates its attitude: nose high, nose low, left bank, right bank.

What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent? A. Maneuvering speed. B. Turbulent or rough-air speed. C. Never-exceed speed.

Never-exceed speed. The red line on an airspeed indicator indicates the maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air, which should never be exceeded intentionally. This speed is known as the never-exceed speed.

During flight, when are the indications of a magnetic compass accurate? A. Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight. B. As long as the airspeed is constant. C. During turns if the bank does not exceed 18°.

Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight. During flight, the magnetic compass indications can be considered accurate only when in straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight. During acceleration, deceleration, or turns, the compass card will dip and cause false readings.

How do variations in temperature affect the altimeter? A. Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude. B. Higher temperatures expand the pressure levels and the indicated altitude is higher than true altitude. C. Lower temperatures lower the pressure levels and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude.

Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude. On warm days, the atmospheric pressure levels are higher than on cold days. Your altimeter will indicate a lower than true altitude. Remember, "low to high, clear the sky."

What is a benefit of flying with a glass cockpit? A. There is no longer a need to carry paper charts in flight. B. Situational awareness is increased. C. Terrain avoidance is guaranteed.

Situational awareness is increased. Glass cockpits are designed to decrease pilot workload, enhance situational awareness, and increase the safety margin.

If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected? A. The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and turn-and-slip indicator. B. The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator. C. The altimeter, attitude indicator, and turn-and-slip indicator.

The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator. The pitot-static system is a source of air pressure for the operation of the altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator. Thus, if the pitot and outside static vents become clogged, all of these instruments will be affected.

What is pressure altitude? A. The indicated altitude corrected for position and installation error. B. The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92. C. The indicated altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature and pressure.

The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92. Pressure altitude is the airplane's height above the standard datum plane of 29.92" Hg. If the altimeter is set to 29.92" Hg, the indicated altitude is the pressure altitude.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere? A. The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left. B. The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring. C. The compass will remain on south for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the airplane.

The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring. When on a southerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere and you roll into a standard rate turn to the right, the magnetic compass indication precedes the turn, showing a greater amount of turn than is actually occurring.

What is density altitude? A. The height above the standard datum plane. B. The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. C. The altitude read directly from the altimeter.

The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. Density altitude is the pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

Which marking identifies the never-exceed speed? A. Upper limit of the green arc. B. Upper limit of the white arc. C. The red radial line.

The red radial line The red radial line represents the never-exceed speed (VNE). Operating an aircraft beyond VNE may result in severe structural damage.

What is true altitude? A. The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level. B. The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface. C. The height above the standard datum plane.

The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level. True altitude is the actual altitude above mean sea level, i.e., MSL.

What is absolute altitude? A. The altitude read directly from the altimeter. B. The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface. C. The height above the standard datum plane.

The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface. Absolute altitude is altitude above the surface, i.e., AGL.

Which color identifies the normal flap operating range? A. The yellow arc. B. The green arc. C. The white arc.

The white arc The normal flap operating range is indicated by the white arc. The power-off stall speed with flaps extended is at the lower limit of the arc, and the maximum speed at which flaps can be extended without damage to them is the upper limit of the arc.

Altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates A. calibrated altitude at field elevation. B. absolute altitude at field elevation. C. true altitude at field elevation.

True Altitude at Field Elevation Altimeter setting is the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so that the altimeter indicates true altitude at field elevation.

Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude? A. If the altimeter has no mechanical error. B. When at sea level under standard conditions. C. When at 18,000 feet MSL with the altimeter set at 29.92.

When at sea level under standard conditions. Indicated altitude (what you read on your altimeter) approximates the true altitude (distance above mean sea level) when standard conditions exist and your altimeter is properly calibrated.

Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? A. When the atmospheric pressure is 29.92" Hg. B. When standard atmospheric conditions exist. C. When indicated altitude is equal to the pressure altitude.

When standard atmospheric conditions exist Pressure altitude equals true altitude when standard atmospheric conditions (29.92" Hg and 15°C at sea level) exist.

In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the east if A. an aircraft is decelerated while on a south heading. B. an aircraft is accelerated while on a north heading. C. a left turn is entered from a north heading.

a left turn is entered from a north heading. In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass normally initially indicates a turn toward the east if a left (west) turn is entered from a north heading.

In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the west if A. a left turn is entered from a north heading. B. a right turn is entered from a north heading. C. an aircraft is accelerated while on a north heading.

a right turn is entered from a north heading. Due to the northerly turn error in the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will initially indicate a turn toward the west if a right (east) turn is entered from a north heading.

In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if A. an aircraft is decelerated while on an east or west heading. B. a left turn is entered from a west heading. C. an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading.

an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading. In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if an airplane is accelerated while on an east or west heading.

Deviation error of the magnetic compass is caused by A. a northerly turning error. B. certain metals and electrical systems within the aircraft. C. the difference in location of true north and magnetic north.

certain metals and electrical systems within the aircraft. The compass in an airplane will align with any magnetic field. Magnetic fields created by metals and the electrical system of the aircraft will hinder the ability of the compass to align with the Earth's magnetic field. This phenomenon is known as deviation. Since deviation error varies by heading, a compass correction card is fitted, providing the pilot with the deviation for a given heading.

In the Northern Hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate A. a turn momentarily. B. correctly when on a north or south heading. C. a turn toward the south.

correctly when on a north or south heading. Acceleration and deceleration errors on magnetic compasses do not occur when on a north or south heading in the Northern Hemisphere. They occur on east and west headings.

If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate A. the actual altitude above sea level. B. higher than the actual altitude above sea level. C. lower than the actual altitude above sea level.

lower than the actual altitude above sea level. When an altimeter setting is at a lower value than the correct setting, the altimeter is indicating less than it should and thus would be showing lower than the actual altitude above sea level.

Deviation in a magnetic compass is caused by the A. presence of flaws in the permanent magnets of the compass. B. difference in the location between true north and magnetic north. C. magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force.

magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force. Magnetic fields produced by metals and electrical accessories in the airplane disturb the compass needle and produce errors. These errors are referred to as compass deviation.

The proper adjustment to make on the attitude indicator during level flight is to align the A. horizon bar to the level-flight indication. B. horizon bar to the miniature airplane. C. miniature airplane to the horizon bar.

miniature airplane to the horizon bar. The horizon bar (marked as B) on Fig. 7 represents the true horizon. This bar is fixed to the gyro and remains on a horizontal plane as the airplane is pitched or banked about its lateral or longitudinal axis, indicating the attitude of the airplane relative to the true horizon. An adjustment knob is provided, with which the pilot may move the miniature airplane (marked as C) up or down to align the miniature airplane with the horizontal bar to suit the pilot's line of vision.

A turn coordinator provides an indication of the A. movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axes. B. angle of bank up to but not exceeding 30°. C. attitude of the aircraft with reference to the longitudinal axis.

movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axes. There really are no yaw and roll axes; i.e., an airplane yaws about its vertical axis and rolls about its longitudinal axis. However, this is the best answer since the turn coordinator does indicate the roll and yaw movement of the airplane. The movement of the miniature airplane is proportional to the roll rate of the airplane. When the roll rate is reduced to zero (i.e., when the bank is held constant), the instrument provides an indication of the rate of turn.