Glencoe Health IUHS Lesson 7

What are four developmental tasks of adulthood?

1. Developing personal independence 2. Making Occupational Choices 3. Establishing intimate relationships 4. Contributing to society.

What three factors help a person adjust to marriage?

1. good communication 2. emotional maturity 3. similar values and interests

What are four transitions that people face in middle adulthood?

1. physical transitions such as menopause 2. mental changes such as beginning new hobbies or going back to school 3. emotional changes such as a mid-life crisis 4. social changes such as familial changes

What are four responsibilities of parenthood?

1. provide guidance 2. instill values 3. set limits 4. give unconditional love

What are four physical changes that the body goes through during adolescence

1. the development of sex characteristics 2. growth in height 3. vocal changes 4. Acne

Why should a pregnant woman avoid using alcohol?

Any alcohol consumed during pregnancy quickly passes through the umbilical cord to the fetus. The fetus breaks down alcohol much more slowly than an adult does, so the alcohol level in the fetus's blood can be higher than that of the mother and remain higher for a longer period of time. An elevated alcohol level can result in permanent damage to the fetus and a condition known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

At what age does a child start to develop autonomy?

Autonomy is the confidence that a person can control his or her own body, impulses, and environment. This begins to build during a child's early childhood which occurs between the ages of 1 to 3.

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Genes

How many pairs of chromosomes do most human cells have?

Most cells in the body contain 46 chromosomes arranged as 23 pairs.

List two types of genetic disorders.

Two types of genetic disorders are those that are apparent right away such as a cleft palate, and those that don't show up until later in life such as hemophilia.

Stillbirth

when a dead fetus is expelled from the body after the twentieth week

Why should a pregnant woman avoid using tobacco?

Smoking during pregnancy is estimated to account for up to 30 percent of low birth weight babies, 14 percent of premature births, and 10 percent of all infant deaths. Studies suggest that a pregnant female's smoking may also affect the growth, mental development, and behavior of her child until he or she is 11 years old. Second hand smoke also increases the risk of low birth weight.

What is the difference between an embryo and a fetus?

The embryo is the cluster of cells that develop between the third and eighth weeks of pregnancy. After eight weeks of pregnancy, the embryo develops into a fetus.

heredity

The passing of traits from parents to their children

What is the structure that connects the fetus to the mother?

The umbilical cord is a ropelike structure that connects the embryo and the mother's placenta. The umbilical cord is the embryo's lifeline. It brings nutrients and oxygen to the embryo and carries waste away from the embryo to the placenta.

Why should a pregnant women avoid using drugs?

Using illegal drugs when pregnant poses a serious health threat to both the mother and the fetus. Drug abuse can harm the mother's health and make her less able to support the pregnancy. Drugs also can directly harm fetal development. The use of certain illegal drugs during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, premature labor, or miscarriage. In addition, a baby can be born addicted to the drugs the mother uses during pregnancy. The infant will suffer withdrawal when it no longer receives the drugs after birth. The baby may be hypersensitive and irritable and may cry for hours. It may tremble and jerk. A baby born addicted to drugs may fail to bond with its parents as normal babies do.

integrity

a firm adherence to a moral code.

Commitment

a promise or a pledge [that partners make to each other].

What is the function of the placenta?

an organ made of thick, blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy. It's functions are to attach the fetus to the uterine wall, provide nutrients to the fetus, and allow the fetus to transfer waste products to the mother's blood—the last two done with the help of umbilical cord.

genetic disorders

disorders caused partly or completely by a defect in genes.

Define the term developmental task.

events that need to happen in order for a person to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult.

the three stages of birth

labor, delivery, afterbirth

fertilization.

occurs when a female's ovum is joined together with a male's sperm

Prenatal care.

steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own health and the health of her baby.

Emotional Intimacy

the ability to experience a caring, loving relationship with another person with whom you can share your innermost feelings.

Define the term cognition.

the ability to reason and think out abstract solutions

Delivery

the baby enters the birth canal and is pushed outside the mother's body.

Labor

the final stage of pregnancy in which the uterus contracts and pushes the baby out of the mother's body.

Afterbirth

the placenta is pushed out of the mother's body.

implantation.

the process that occurs when the zygote attaches to the uterine wall.

miscarriage

the spontaneous expulsion of a fetus that occurs before the twentieth week of a pregnancy.

Emotional maturity

the state at which the mental and emotional capabilities of an individual are fully developed.