Global City

global cities

"brain hubs" and centers of a "knowledge economy"

Political Engagement

(number of embassies and consulates, think tanks, international organizations, political conferences)

CENTERS OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE

Cities that house major International Organizations: UN - New York, EU - Brussels ASEAN - Jakarta EU central bank - Frankfurt

attracting the crucial workforce

Despite Internet connectedness, geography remains significant as cities act as critical incubators of creativity by _____ of creative capitalism.

knowledge workers

Economies of scale and concentration are necessary despite the proliferation of communications technology. Network economies and spillover effects include "thick labor markets" in ____.

EU Central Bank

Frankfurt IO

epicenter of globalization

GLOBAL CITY IS COINED AS THE ___.

paradise, purgatory

Global City attracts migrants and visitors but it does not accept all newcomers with the same welcome and it does not treat all its residents with the same benevolence. A large global city may thus be a _____ for some, but a _____ for others.

occurs in physical space, Foreign investments and capital move through a city

Globalization is a spatial phenomenon as it ___ and _____.

cities act on globalization and globalization acts on cities

Globalization is spatial because what makes it move is the fact that it is based in places. In other words, ____.

Tokyo

HQ of Sony

UN

IO that NYC houses.

COSMOPOLITANISM

In the capitalist context, it often focuses on consumption in global cities, where everyday life is significantly shaped by commercial culture, retail, and shopping. (Zukin, 1998)

alpha city, world city, global city

Other terms for global city

professional nomadism

Over the past three decades, globalization has led to the emergence of a new type of _____.

Richard Florida

Role of Cities in Creative Capitalism • He emphasizes the critical functions of cities in 21st- century creative capitalism. • Despite Internet connectedness, geography remains significant as cities act as critical incubators of creativity by attracting the crucial workforce of creative capitalism.

1990s

Sociologist Saskia Sassken popularized the term "global city" in the ___.

A.T. Kearney

The Global City Index was published by ____.

Global Power City Index

The Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation in Tokyo published another study called "____ in 2011. This report examined cities in terms of functions demanded by several actor types: Manager, Researcher, Artist, Visitor, and Resident

Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation in Tokyo

The _____ popularized the Global Power City Index in 2011.

Brain hubs

They attarct high skilled workers, contibuting to global mobility patterns

global city

to view the world as one entity to understand the global city phenomenon. • New global cities have since arisen not only as financial centers but also a producers of services that are global in scope

geography

• Despite Internet connectedness, _____ remains significant as cities act as critical incubators of creativity by attracting the crucial workforce of creative capitalism.

Environment

(Ecology, Pollution, Natural Environment)

Accessibility

(International Transportation Infrastructure, Inner City Transportation Infrastructure)

Information Exchange

(accessibility of major TV news channels, Internet presence (basically number of search hits), number of international news bureaus, censorship, and broadband subscriber rate)

Business Activity

(headquarters, services firms, capital markets value, number of international conferences, value of goods through ports and airports)

Cultural Experience

(number of sporting event, museums, performing arts venues, culinary establishments, international visitors, and sister city. relationships).

Human Capital

(size of foreign born population, quality of universities, number of international schools, international student population, number of residents with college degrees)

Economy

- (Market Attractiveness, Economic Vitality, Business Environment, Regulations and Risk) - Research and Development

Cultural Interaction

- Trendsetting Potential, Accommodation Environment, Resources of Attracting Visitors, Dining and Shopping, Volume of Interaction • Livability (Working Environment, Cost of Living, Security and Safety, Life Support Functions)

CULTURAL DIVERSITY & COSMOPOLITANISM

- key marker of the global city; cosmopolitan feels; - results from encounters with immigrants and visitors. - resulting to cosmopolitan consumption, work culture, global networking, and transnational community relations.

Business Activity, Human Capital, Information Exchange, Cultural Experience, and Political Engagement.

5 CRITERIA of Global City Index:

• High housing costs Long working hours • Competitive and precarious labor market Long commuting times • Urban anonymity and relative social isolation • A fear of strangers and crime after dark • Residential hyper-mobility • Challenges of neighborliness and multiculturalism

6 Downsides in the Global City

• Sweat-shop workers • Poorly paid labor in the grey economy • Asylum seekers • Undocumented immigrants • Women trafficked for sex work • Drug dealers and addicts • The homeless

7 of Global City's Marginal Dwellers

COSMOPOLITANISM

A phenomenon most readily associated with the global city: large, diverse cities attract people, material and cultural products from all over the world. Its idea usually invokes pleasant images of travel, exploration and "worldly" pursuits enjoyed by those who have benefited from globalization and who can consider themselves "citizens of the world"

Polarization

According to Moretti (1980s), this phenomenon extends to differentiation by human skills.

gentrification

As a city attracts more capital and richer residents, real estate prices go up and poor residents are forced to relocate to far away but cheaper areas. This phenomenon driving out the poor in favor of newer, wealthier residents is called ______.

SEATS OF ECONOMIC POWER, CENTERS OF AUTHORITY, CENTERS OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE, CENTERS OF HIGHER LEARNING AND CULTURE

Attributes of Global City

marginal dwellers

Globe-trotting business people and highly paid professionals may be living a cosmopolitan dream, while mostly hidden from sight in the global city are its _____.

mobility

Growing polarization within cities and regions. Low-skilled immigrants tend to go to low-techacities, and brain hubs attracting the best and brightest highlights _____ as an emerging issue

Los Angeles

Home of Hollywood

EU

IO in Brussels

ASEAN

IO that Jakarta houses

banlieue

In France, poor Muslim migrants are forced out of Paris and have clustered around ethnic enclaves known as _____.

Filipina maids

In places like New York, there are high- rolling investment bankers whose children are raised by _____.

service sector's flexibility

In the Role of Global Cities, the ______ is crucial, encompassing both high-skilled and low-skilled workers.

attract key professionals, innovative workforce, and investors

In the Role of Global Cities, the reputation of global cities is built on their ability to ______.

New York Stock Exhange (NYSE) Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) Nikkei

New York has the ____. London has __________. Tokyo has ____.

EATS OF ECONOMIC POWER

New York have the largest stock market in the world Tokyo houses the most number of corporate headquarters Shanghai plays critical role in the global economic supply. What attribute is this?

CENTERS OF HIGHER LEARNING AND CULTURE

New York- NY Times Boston- Harvard University Australia- leading Engl language universities LA- Hollywood. To what attribute of a global city that this fall under?

Economy Research and Development Cultural Interaction Livability, Environment, and Accessibility

The functional areas accdg to the Global Power CIty Index

New York, London, Tokyo

The three initially identified global cities were:

Global City Index and Global Power City Index

The two methods on how to identify global cities, and determine to what extent they function specifically, beyond all of the other things that they do simply as cities.

Global City Index

This index published by A.T. Kearney provides a comprehensive ranking of the leading global cities from the world. It is designed to track the way cities maneuver as their populations grow and the world continues to shrink.

London New York Tokyo Paris Singapore Amsterdam Seoul Dubai Melbourne Berlin

Top 10 Cities

SCENTERS OF AUTHORITY

Washington DC, not wealthy as New York, but it's the seat of American Power. Canberra is Australia political capital: home to country's politicians and bureaucrats. What attribute of a global city is this?

Global cities

____, as dynamic hubs of the global capitalist economy, contribute to demographic and social change.

Global cities

_____ are sites and mediums Of globalization. They are material representations of the phenomenon. They are places that create exciting fusions of culture and wealth. However, they remain sites of great inequality, where global servants serve global entrepreneurs.

Globalization

______ creates high- income jobs That are concentrated and are in global cities

• Livability

encompasses Working Environment, Cost of Living, Security and Safety, Life Support Functions

- Manufacturing has been scattered across national and global networks - Turn from "landscapes of production" to "landscapes of consumption"

how are global cities post-industrial:

global city

to view the world as one entity to understand the global city phenomenon