Global Dim Ch 4

What are three positive aspects associated with the collectivist attitude found in the Japanese business culture?

There is strong incentive for individuals to work together for the common good. Workers tend to remain at the same company for a long time -- even a lifetime. Cooperation within the group is driven by the need to improve group performance.

There is a connection between culture and competitive advantage. What are two reasons why this connection is important?

This connection can affect the choice of countries to do business in and locate production facilities in. The connection suggests which countries might produce the most viable competitors.

Country A has a free market economy and group-oriented social structure. Country B has all of the same traits, but also possesses an advanced education system. Which country would be the better investment site?

country B

The GLOBE instrument addresses the idea that a leader's effectiveness is ____.

embedded in organizational forms

As opposed to what Max Weber originally argued, the caste system has NOT held back the _____ in India.

entrepreneurial activity

The focus on individual religious freedom associated with Protestantism may have set the stage for

entrepreneurship.

According to Hofstede, if the ties between people are loose, it is most likely a sign of a(n) ______ society.

indivualisit

What is the proposed sixth dimension to Hofstede's work proposed by Geert Hofstede?

indulgence versus restraint

A(n) _____ society is one that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life.

indulgent

In terms of numbers of members, what are the four religions that dominate the world today?

Christianity Hinduism Islam Buddhism

Which language is increasingly becoming the language of international business?

English

A(n) ______ consists of at least two individuals who have a shared sense of identity and interact in structured ways.

Group

What are three characteristics of Confucianism?

High moral standards High ethical conduct Loyalty to others

______ are norms that are more widely observed and are often so important they are enacted in law.

Mores

What are three rituals associated with orthodox Muslims?

Muslims are forbidden to consume alcohol. Muslims participate in a daily prayer ritual. Muslims are forbidden to consume pork.

Which situation demonstrates how a folkway can create complications in business?

Natalie's meeting with the overseas executive was postponed by 30 minutes because the executive felt finishing his phone call was more important.

There is a _____ one-to-one relationship between a society and a nation-state.

Non-strict

In the ______ dimension by Hofstede, it is recognized that people are not equal in physical and intellectual capabilities.

Power distance

An is an organized group of people who share a common set of values and norms.

Society

A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called

culture

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

According to Hofstede, societies with strict codes of behavior, rules, and laws score ______ on the uncertainty avoidance index.

high

In an organization operating in a Confucian culture, it would be the sacred duty of an employee to be loyal to his or her

manager

According to Hofstede, in a _____ culture, sex roles are sharply differentiated.

masculine

In the Confucian culture, guanxiwang refers to _____, which hold networks together.

relationships

Which two phrases reflect the economic implications of Islam?

Cannot earn profit through exploitation of others Hold property as trustees, rather than as owners (per Western definition of ownership)

What is the best description of the labor-management relationship in an organization based in Confucian culture?

Cooperation is achieved at a lower cost.

______ is judging another's culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

Hofstede's work confirmed Western stereotypes, but it has been criticized for this result because the research team was composed of

Europeans and americans

True or false: Folkways are atypical morally significant actions in everyday life.

False

At a dinner meeting in Japan, two executives sat down, leaving the middle seat open for their third associate, even though it meant one of them would have to get up to let him in. This is because, in Japan, the middle seat is reserved for the most senior member of the group. This is an example of a

Folkway

When the new neighbors moved in, Naghma told her family it would be appropriate for them to make a batch of cookies and take them over to the neighbors and introduce themselves. This social convention is an example of a(n) _____.

Folkways

What are three of the dimensions Hofstede identified and studied? (Check all that apply.)

Individualism vs collectivism Power distance Masculinity vs femininity

Which scenario demonstrates a mores?

It is against the law in the U.S. to commit theft.

What are three advantages of learning the native language when conducting international business?

People prefer to speak in their own language. Prevent major blunders through improper translation. You can build rapport more easily.

In Confucian culture, while employees are expected to be loyal to their superiors in business, those superiors must reward this loyalty by bestowing blessings on the employees.This demonstrates the idea of ______ obligations.

Recipricol

A class system is characterized by the fact that a person can move from one ______ to another.

Social Strata

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called _____.

Social Strata

What are the four principles of social stratification?

Social stratification is a trait of society. Social stratification is generally universal. Social stratification carries over to the next generation. Social stratification involves beliefs as well as inequality,

As modernization occurs, what has occurred that is contrary to the Buddha's teaching?

There is more separation between people and nature.

The long-term versus short-term orientation identified by Hofstede captures people's attitudes toward _____.

Time

Buddhism has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism except for _____. (Check the two that apply.)

advocacy of extreme ascetic behavior. support for the caste system.

As countries get richer, we often see a shift ______ traditional values (such as staying married and obeying one's parents) and ______ secular rational values (including abortion and divorce).

away from; toward

Fifty years ago, it was not widely accepted that a woman could hold a senior management position. Of course, today this is a common reality. This demonstrates how ______ can change over time.

culture

Culture can best be described as a ______ phenomenon.

dynamic

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is

individualism versus collectivism.

When comparing individualistic versus collectivistic societies, it has been said that _____ societies are great at creating innovative ideas, while _____ societies are better at the implementation of those ideas.

individualistic; collectivistic

Which of Hofstede's dimensions reflects the ability of citizens to accept delayed gratification for their material, social, and emotional needs?

long-term versus short-term orientation

Unspoken language is another way to describe ______ communication.

nonverbal

When Kendall was asked to describe the relationship between the countries of Denmark, Finland, and Norway, she replied that the people of those countries all shared a common set of values. In other words, Kendall considered this group of countries as a _____.

society

In historic British society, who was included in the middle class?

those who worked in professional occupations

What is the Hofstede dimension that measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity?

uncertainty avoidance

Loyalty, honesty in dealing with others, and reciprocal obligations are the building blocks of

Confusionism

Culture that is defined as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living stems from the work of which expert?

Hofstede

What are two criticisms of Hostede's work?

Hostede assumed a one-to-one correspondence between culture and nation. Hofstede's research was culturally bound.

The World Values Survey includes which three dimensions? (Check all that apply.)

Impact of globalization Support for democracy Support for gender equality

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of _____.

Inherited social status

What are the three values central to the Confucian system of ethics that may have led to economic success in some Asian countries?

Loyalty Reciprocal obligations Honesty in dealing with others

What are three of the determinants of culture?

Political philosophy Social structure Economic philosophy

The basic social organization of a society is known as social _____.

Structure

The economic principles of Islam prohibit a bank from paying or receiving _____.

interest

One reason for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism is the response to social pressures in traditional Islamic societies brought on by

the influence of Western thought.

______ supply the standards and models for acceptable behavior in a society.

Norms

What is considered appropriate personal space when conducting business in the United States?

5-8 feet