Global Final

Berlin Conference and why it was put into place

a meeting amongst European nation to peacefully divide Africa amongst themselves

Militarism

belief a nation need a strong military

trench life

boredom trapped in small space scared waiting for war to start hard hard to keep sanity

Alliances

countries made secret agreements to help each other during times of war

Benito Mussolini

found the facist party in 1919 -wont the support of the unemployed veterans -very charasmatic - organizers supporters into combat squads - black shirts

who won the opium wars

great Britain because of their more advanced weapons

trench

long tunnels dug into the ground

Which slogan did Vladmir Lenin use to persuade the people to follow him?

peace land and bread

Zionism

political movement to create a homeland for Jews

Nationalism

pride for your country- each nation wanting to prove they are superior

Partition of India and Pakistan

split into hindu and muslim country and created new borders so people had to relocate (17 million displaced)

What were some products that Europeans wanted from China?

tea, silk, porcelain

what was the cause of imperialism

the Industrial Revolution, as well as Nationalism, economics, religion, darwinism also known as (NERD)

What event caused the Genocide to begin?

The Rwandan president (a Hutu) was killed- supposedly killed by a Tutsi

world war 2 causes

- unresolved issues from WW1 and the treaty of versilles - Great Depression - rise of dictators - appeasement - failed League of Nations - hitlers invasion of Poland

What tactics did Stalin use to rule over the USSR?

-Used secret police -Controlled all aspects of his citizens' lives -Propaganda to brainwash people -Encouraged complete loyalty to him

india and pakistan (2nd part)

-conflicted centered around Kashmir -polulation was muslim but the local leader was hindu -both groups wanted the land -confilct still exist today

weapons in WW1

-tank first ever used by British - armed combat vehicle -U-boats - chemical weapons -flame throwers -machine guns

How long did this Genocide last and how many people died during it?

100 days; approximately 1 million people

When did Apartheid officially end?

1994

What were the Opium Wars?

2 wars between Britain and china, opium Is a drug from india use by Chinese that British snuck into china, was highlight addictive, become drug epidemic

Explain the devastation of the Holocaust on human history.

6 million Jews were killed- Entire families were wiped out and there was much loss of the Jewish faith, culture, etc.

What was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A document created by the UN, which defined rights that belonged to all people

Fascism

A form of government that places emphasis on the military, hypernationalism, & devout loyalty to a dictator- used by Hitler & Mussolini

What was the "League Of Nations"?

A group formed after WW1- goal was to prevent future world wars. Had very little power

What was the Holodomor & why did it happen?

A massive famine in Ukraine orchestrated by Stalin. Stalin took revenge on the many Ukranians who resisted his totalitarian ideas.

What was the Berlin Conference and why was it put into place?

A meeting amongst European nations to peacefully divide Africa amongst themselves

What was the Iron Curtain?

A metaphorical separation between eastern and western Europe

What was the "White Man's Burden"?

A poem that justified imperialism. Pushed the idea that Europeans had the moral duty to "civilize" other parts of the world & make them more European

What is totalitarianism?

A system in which the government controls all aspects of citizens' lives

What was the Treaty of Nanjing?

A treaty between Britain & China that ended the Opium Wars- forced China to have to trade with Britain

Sphere of Influence

A type of imperialism where 1 nation claims trading privileges over another

Terrorism

Acts of violence designed to promote a specific ideology or agenda by creating panic among an enemy population

What does it mean when WWI is referred to as a "total war"?

All citizens were involved in the war in some way (Ex: women going to work in factories, people donating money/food to the war effort, etc.)

Name three ways that the Treaty of Versailles successfully punished Germany.

All of WW1 was blamed on Germany Germany had to pay billions in reparations for war damages Their military was made smaller They lost their colonies in Africa/Asia

Communism

An economic theory in which society is classless & the government controls everything

Which major event forced the United States to enter WWII?

Attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in 1941

Who was the first fascist leader in Europe & where did he rule

Benito Mussolini/Italy

Why were the USSR and the United States constantly in competition with each other? Give one example of a competition they were engaged in.

Both wanting to prove superiority- The Arms Race was a competition where both nation competed to produce as many nuclear weapons as possible

Who ruled Russia prior to the revolution?

Czar Nicholas II

What were some of the causes of the Russian Revolution?

Czar's harsh policies, Severe damage from WW1 Food shortages Poor living/working conditions

Imperialism

Domination by one country of the political, economic, or social life of another nation (also called colonization)

How did Mao keep and maintain control over China?

Eliminated all political parties, except his communist party, propaganda, eliminated religion, killed enemies or put them in labor camps

How were both Europe divided after WWII and why were they split in this way?

Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain- an imaginary line separating Western Europe (democratic) & Eastern Europe (communist)

Trench Warfare

Fighting strategy used in WW1- soldiers stayed in long tunnels dug into the ground. Made the war longer & slower. Had poor conditions such as flooding, rats, disease, etc.

Lenin

Founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship. He led the October Revolution of 1917, in which the Communists seized power in Russia. He then ruled the country until his death in 1924.

Which country did the Treaty of Versailles punish harshly?

Germany

Anti-semitism

Hatred/discrimination against Jews

What problems was Germany experiencing after WW1? How did this help Hitler to become popular?

Hyperinflation (extreme rise in the price of goods) & unemployment. Hitler promised to fix these problems, making him extremely popular

Why was India partitioned into India & Pakistan? What problems did this cause?

India became a Hindu country & Pakistan became a Muslim country. This led to extreme violence between Hindus & Muslims, which still continues today

Why were Indian people frustrated with Great Britain after fighting in WWI & WW2?

Indians were promised their freedom if they fought in the world wars & that promise was not kept by the British

What is a "proxy war"

Indirect fighting between the US & USSR

Explain how the industrial revolution was a major cause of Imperialism.

Industrialized countries in Europe now needed large amounts of raw materials (coal, oil, etc.) in order to power factories- many of these resources were located in Africa

Who took Lenin's place after he died

Joseph stalin

Examples of Proxy Wars

Korean War and Vietnam War

Apartheid

Laws passed by the white minority in South Africa that allowed for racial segregation

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Laws that legalized the persecution of Jewish people in Germany

Who was Gandhi?

Leader of the Indian Independence movement

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Led the fight against apartheid in South Africa- became their 1st black president

Propaganda

Media used to persuade people to think a certain way

Name the two alliances that were created at this time.

NATO & Warsaw Pact

Why is the Cold War known as "Cold"?

No actual fighting took place between the US & USSR.

What tactics did he use to display his distaste for colonial rule in Great Britain?

Non-violence, civil disobedience, protests

What is the Treaty of Versailles?

Peace treaty at the end of WWI. It made Germany take full responsibility for the war

Where did Hitler invade that officially set off WWII?

Poland

Define Human Rights.

Rights guaranteed to ALL people

stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Explain the characteristics of the Tiananmen Square Massacre.

Students were protesting in China for more democratic freedoms- the Chinese military was sent in to shoot down the protests- showed that China does not have freedom of speech

What were some of the modern weapons that were used during WWI? What fighting style was used?

Tanks, machine guns, poison gas, trench warfare

Which alliance did Italy, Germany and Japan make with one another?

The Axis Powers

Which region was known as the "Powder Keg of Europe"?

The Balkans

What did Europeans do to force a trading relationship between themselves & China?

The British began illegally smuggling opium into China. Many Chinese became addicted to the drug- which was profitable for the British

Why was the term "human rights" formally defined after WWII?

The Holocaust & WW2 were so tragic that the United Nations wanted to make sure that major human rights violations such as the Holocaust never happen again.

Which event ended WW2 & why was this controversial?

The US dropping the atomic bombs on Japan- this was controversial because these weapons were extremely destructive & ordinary Japanese citizens were targeted.

what was the cause of WW1?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Social Darwinism

The belief that whites were more superior & therefore, it was their duty to conquer non-white nations- used as a way to justify Europe conquering Africa in the 1800s

Explain the purpose of the Five Year Plan.

The goal was to industrialize the Soviet Union in just 5 years. Stalin wanted the USSR to be as technologically advanced as Europe/the US

Collectivization

The idea of bringing farming/food production under government control- used by Stalin

What is Pan-Africanism?

The idea that all Africans have a common ancestry & should be unified

Genocide

The mass killing of a group of people- usually targeted because of their religion, nationality, or culture

Define decolonization.

The process of freeing a country from the nation that once controlled it

Which treaty successfully ended WWI?

Treaty of Versailles

Why were there issues between the Hutus & Tutsis before the Rwandan Genocide?

Tutsis were the minority in Rwanda but were favored when Belgium (a European country) controlled Rwanda. This led to tension between the Hutus (the majority) & Tutsis

Who were the 2 countries that emerged as superpowers after WWII?

US & USSR

What were the goals of the US & USSR during the Cold War?

US: containment of communism (stop it from spreading) USSR: spread communism

Creation of Israel (1947)

United Nations drew up a plan to partition Palestine intoning Arab state and jewish state jews accepted and Arabs didnt

World War I

the first major conflict to take place after the Industrial Revolution

Define the "Scramble for Africa".

the invasion of colonization of most of Africa by various European nations

Holocaust

the systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior by the Nazis - hitlers attempt to erratic ate the jews - part of final solution

Rwandan Genocide (1994)

world shortest genocide where the rowndan president Hutu shot was killed in a a plane crash supposedly shot down by tutsis which led to systematic slaughter (1 million Rwandans killed mostly by machetes)