Global Regents Study Set

Laissez-faire

"let it be" government should not interfere with private businesses

Osama Bin Laden

(1957-) Founder of al Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September 11, 2001, and other attacks.

Fidel Castro

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba

Mathew Perry

Drove a submarine to Japan and inspired the Meiji Restoration

Nehru

First prime minister of India

Meji Restoration

Japan's period of Modernization

Berlin Blockade

Russia's attempt of blocking their section of Germany from the democratic section of Germany

Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Apartheid

Segregation in South Africa

Treaty of Versallies (1919)

Treaty that ended world war 1, with harsh punishments on Germany.

Perestroika

an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union that allowed a mixed economy

Sino-Japanese War

war between China and Japan in which Japan gained Taiwan

Glasnost

allowed free speech in Russia

United Nations

Created after WWII to replace the failed League of Nations

Five Year Plans

Created by Stalin to replace Lenin's NEP

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe after WWII

The Taliban

A group of fundamentalist Muslims who took control of Afghanistan's government in 1996

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

Berlin Conference

A meeting where European nations split up Africa

Tiananmen Square Massacre

A political and social protest by university students in Beijing, China in 1989. The protest called for political and social reforms and resulted in the government using the military to end it, which caused hundreds of deaths, thousands of injured, and many more imprisoned.

Facism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. President Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after WWI - rejected by the rest of the Allied powers

Toussaint L'Ouverture

A slave who led the Haitian Revolution

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Collectivization

A system where private farms are turned into government ran farms

Provisional Government

A temporary government

Vietnam War

After WWII, France failed the maintain its colony of Vietnam - France was fought by Vietnamese nationalists → Vietnam was split up into two nations (north and south) - North Vietnam was a communist nation, led by Ho Chi Minh - Ho Chi Minh wanted to unify Vietnam under communism → war broke out - U.S. forces were sent to fight North Vietnam Deadly War that ended in a peace agreement (first time the United States was defeated)

Non-Aggression Pact

Agreement between Germany and Russia that they would not attack each other

Munich Agreement

Agreement between Hitler and GB and France that Hitler was not going to conquer anymore land - agreement was broken by Hitler causing WWII

Allied Powers

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

Mixed Economy

An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion.

European Union

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.

Scientific Racism

Belief that one ethnicity was scientifically superior

Mao's Little Red Book

Book that consisted of all of Mao's policies - created during China's Cultural Revolution - people were required to carry the book around at al times - people were forced to recite and memorize the book

Napoleonic Codes

Codes created by Napoleon after the French Revolution

Korean War

Cold War Proxy War After WWII, Japan lost Korea, and Korea was split into North and South Korea - North Korea was controlled by Russia - South Korea was controlled by the United States - North Korea attacked South Korea in an attempt to unify the two nations - South Korea fought back and was able to push N.K. back to China - China backed up N.K. and pushed S.K. to the 39th Parallel - the boarder between N.K. and S.K. is now the 39th Parallel

Deng Xiaoping

Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong.

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Eastern block

Communist part of Europe during the cold war - also known as the Soviet bloc

British East India Company

Company that controlled trade in India during India's era of Imperialism

Western block

Democratic Europe during the Cold War

Truman Doctrine

During the Cold War, President Truman of the United States promised to provide aid to any nation that was threatened by communism (example of containment)

Nelson Mandela

Ended apartheid in South Africa

Mikhail Gorbachev

Ended the Cold War by introducing Russia to a series of capitalistic/democratic reforms

White Man's Burden

Europeans believed that it was their job to "civilize" the "uncivilized Africans:" - way to justify European imperialism

New Imperialism

Imperialism that was bought by Industrialization

Sadaam Hussein

Iraqi politician who often violated human rights used chemical weapons against his own people

Pearl Harbor

Japan bombed Pearl Harbor (military base in Hawaii)

Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)

Leach Walesa

Leader of Poland - demanded economic reforms in Poland and wanted to get rid of communism

Pol Pot

Leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, who terrorized the people of Cambodia throughout the 1970's

Simone Bolivar

Led many independence movements in Latin America - dreamed of a unified Latin America

New Economic Policy

Lenin imposed NEP to industrialize Russia under communism

April Thesis

Lenin's way of gaining the support of the Soviets - he demanded peace, land for peasants, and power to the Soviets

China's Cultural Revolution

Mao ZeDong's policy to eliminate any possibility of China becoming democratic - universities were shut down for four years - people deemed a threat were sent to reeducation camps (including teachers, scientists, doctors, etc.) - educated people were sent to work on farms - the Little Red Book was created - when universities were reopened, they were forced to follow a curriculum created by Mao

The Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong's attempt to industrialize China - Inspired by Stalin's Five-Year Plans - Private Farms were turned into state-ran Farms - Farms were given quotas to meet before a certain time - Farms often lied about meeting their quotas → led to starvation → people dying

Cambodian Genocide

Mass killings under the Khmer Rouge any intellectuals and anyone who was deemed a threat was murdered

Estates General Meeting

Meeting called by Louis XVI to fix France's problems - failed

Warsaw Pact

Military alliance created by the Soviet Bloc in response to NATO - fell apart after the USSR fell apart

Self-Strengthening Movement

Movement in China as an effort to come back as a global power - led to modernization

Red Army

Russia's army that was led by Lenin

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization created during the Cold War against the Eastern bloc

Berlin Airlift

Ordered by the United States to airlift materials into Russia's side of Germany (communist part)

African National Congress

Organization created by Nelson Mandela against racist white south Africans

Iron Curtain

Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the invisible fighting line between the the Eastern and Western bloc

Lend-Lease Act

Policy created by the US during WWII Provided nations aid with war materials

Guomingdang

Political Party created by Sun Yat-Sen - established after China's 1911 Revolution

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States during WWI

The Boxer Rebellion

Rebellion in China that attempted tot kick out foreigners - stopped by the British

Boxer Protocol

Rebellion led by Boxers in China to fight the Europeans

White Lotus Rebellion

Rebellion led by Chinese Buddhist against Europeans

Rhineland

Region Germany lost after WWI

Taiping Rebellion

Revolt against the Qing Dynasty

Sepoy Rebellion

Revolt in India led by Indian soldiers who worked for the British - the British were greasing their gun cartages with pork

Deng Xiao Ping

Rose to power after Mao - attempted to fix China's economy by allowing limited private businesses - created a mixed economy in China

Three Principles of the People

Sun Yat Sen's idea of a prosperous China - Nationalism - against the foreigners - state capitalism - state ran businesses - Democracy - The Guomingdang party

Zimmerman Telegram

Telegram was sent to Mexico by Germany - Urged Mexico to join the War and in return offered to help Mexico win back the land they lost during the Mexican-American War

9/11

Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon; led to a focus on eliminating terrorism.

The Rape of Nanjing

The Japanese attack on China - Death of thousands of Chinese' - Solidified Japan's power

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Mustafa Kemal

The first president of the Republic of Turkey - modernized Turkey

The Cuban Revolution

The overthrow of the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro

Central Powers

alliance during WWI - Germany, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire

Kemal Ataturk

Turkish nationalist who founded the modern Turkish state

Treaty of Nanjing

Unequal treaty signed by the Chinese after the Opium wars - forced China to open up more trade cities for the Europeans

Otto von Bismarck

Unified Germany

Sino-French War

War fought between France and China - Led to China losing Vietnam to France

Anti-Comintern Pact

alliance signed between Germany and Japan against Russia

Karl Marx

Wrote the communist manifesto believed that industrialization led to the exploitation of the working class and that peasants would eventual revolt against the rich

Total War

a war where nations have to put in all

Kyoto Protocol

controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries

League of Nations

created after WWI in an attempt to maintain peace

National Assembly

created by the 3rd estate during the French Revolution

Cuban Missile Crisis

crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba

Nuremberg Laws

established legal basis in Nazi Germany for discrimination against Jews.

Ghandi

led the Indian independence movement using civil disobedience

Indira Gandhi

modernized India's economy, reduced property ordered the Indian army to launch an operation against the Sikhs seperatists

Containment

policies that aim to stop the spread of communism - ex. The Truman Doctrine

Rome-Berlin Axis

the alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler)