GMU MKTG 312 Final

Which of the following is not a situation in which consumer behavior occurs?

All of these are situations in which consumer behavior occurs.

A store's atmosphere can influence which of the following?

All of these choices are correct.

The probability of a consumer experiencing postpurchase dissonance, as well as the magnitude of such dissonance, is a function of which of the following?

All of these choices are correct.

In a compensatory decision, a brand's weakness on one attribute cannot be overcome by its strength on another attribute.

False

A consumer decision requires information on which of the following?

The appropriate evaluative criteria for the solution of a problem, the existence of various alternative solutions, and the performance level or characteristic of each alternative solution on each evaluative criterion.

Approaches to discovering consumer problems include activity analysis, product analysis, problem analysis, human factors research, and emotion research.

True

Consumers might experience guilt by the use of a product or a service.

True

Determining how products are currently used across situations can help the marketer develop appropriate advertising and positioning strategies.

True

Problem recognition is the result of a discrepancy between a desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process.

True

Unplanned purchases can be further subdivided into reminder and impulse purchases.

True

Kim was participating in a group discussion centered on the participants' problems encountered while taking care of their hair. Which approach to problem identification is this?

activity analysis

The emotional response that owning or using the product or outlet provides is known as

affective performance.

Which of the following affects consumers' retail outlet selection?

all of these choices are correct.

Which type of consumer choice process involves the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics, and no attribute-by-attribute comparisons are made at the time of choice?

attitude-based choice

Joseph is considering the purchase of a computer, and he is comparing brands on the basis of price, memory, speed, and reliability. He mentally ranks each alternative on these attributes and makes a selection based on these rankings. Joseph is using which type of choice process?

attribute-based choice

The fact that consumers have limited capacity for processing information is referred to as

bounded rationality.

Brad was out of soft drinks in his dorm room, so he went to the store and purchased Coke. This is the brand he always buys, and he would not even consider purchasing another brand. Which type of nominal decision does this illustrate?

brand loyal decision

The situation in which consumers receive information has an impact on their behavior and is referred to as the __________ situation.

communications

Which of the following is not a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

complex decision making

Which of the following is not a decision rule used by consumers?

conjoint

Which decision rule establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that meet or exceed these minimum standards?

conjunctive

The evoked set is also called the

consideration set.

A brand whose perceived performance falls below expectations generally produces

dissatisfaction.

Which of the following is not a subcategory of the awareness set?

evaluation set

Thomas is aware of several different brands of electric shavers, but he is only considering seriously three different brands. These three brands that Thomas is evaluating represent his

evoked set.

Lane is test driving several models of automobiles to help him decide which one to purchase. Which source of information does this represent?

experiential sources

Which type of consumer decision making involves the evaluation of many attributes and alternatives and employs complex decision rules?

extended decision making

Nominal decision making is sometimes referred to as

habitual decision making.

Which approach to problem recognition attempts to determine human capabilities in areas such as vision, strength, response time, flexibility, and fatigue and the effect on these capabilities of lighting, temperature, and sound?

human factors research

Which type of consumer problem is one of which the consumer is not aware?

inactive

Brands that are found completely unworthy of further consideration for a specific purchase are members of the

inept set.

Elaine is considering the purchase of a computer and is aware that Toshiba and HP are brands in this product category. However, she is basically indifferent toward them. These two brands represent Elaine's

inert set

Which dimension of product performance relates to the physical functioning of the product?

instrumental

Nakeisha wants to purchase some new make-up, but she wants something different from what she is currently using. Since she has experience with this product, she just thinks of the other products she has tried and decides to purchase one of those. Which type of information search has Nakeisha performed?

internal search

Selecting the optimal alternative, minimizing the decision effort, and maximizing the ease with which a decision can be justified are examples of consumer

metagoals.

Shoppers who browse and/or purchase in more than one channel are known as

omni-channel shoppers.

Friends, family, and others are examples of which source of information?

personal sources

Décor, sounds, aromas, lighting, weather, and configurations of merchandise or other materials surrounding the stimulus object are included in which situational characteristic?

physical surroundings

Doubt or anxiety regarding a purchase a consumer has made is known as

postpurchase dissonance.

A manufacturer of a digital music player asked several consumers the problems associated with using these types of products. Several consumers said that they had trouble downloading music onto their computers and then onto their music players. Which approach to problem recognition is this marketer using?

product analysis

Which of the following occurs when a consumer actively acquires a product that is not used or used only sparingly relative to its potential use?

product nonuse

A price with which other prices are compared is known as a(n)

reference price.

Any source of products or services for consumers is referred to as a

retail outlet.

Giving out candy to children on Halloween, giving chocolate and roses to sweethearts on Valentine's Day, and wearing green and drinking green beer on St. Patrick's Day are all examples of

ritual situations.

Jose and his family, all Mexican by birth, went to dine at a new Mexican restaurant in Houston, which is home to many outstanding Mexican restaurants. They were expecting authentic Mexican food, and they got it. They most likely experienced

satisfaction.

Which of the following involves techniques designed to ensure that a company's Web pages appear high on an Internet search result list?

search engine optimization

______ refers to a shopping style that puts particular emphasis on certain activities or shopping motivations.

shopping orientation.

Jeremy needs a new pair of running shoes. He visits the local running store at a nearby shopping center. He tries on several pairs at the store. After determining which pair he likes the most, he heads home to look online for that exact shoe at the cheapest price. Jeremy is engaging in?

showrooming

All those factors particular to a time and place that do not follow from knowledge of the stable attributes of the consumer and the stimulus and that have an effect on current behavior are known as

situational influence.

The other individuals present in the particular situation are referred to as the

social surroundings.

Kelly likes to shop at Target. She really likes the Archer Farms brands with the rooster on the label, which is one of Target's own brands and can only be purchased there. These types of brands are known as

store brands.

A given consumer's or target market's perception of all the attributes associated with a retail outlet is generally referred to as the

store image.

An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a

surrogate indicator.

Which dimension of product performance relates to self-presentation, aesthetic or image-enhancement performance?

symbolic

A person who shops at a nicer store than normal because he or she is buying a gift is influenced by the __________ characteristic of the situation.

task definition

Sharon has to purchase a gift for her mother and only has this afternoon to do so because her birthday party is that evening. She's wondering how she will be able get to the mall in time to pick out the perfect gift. This is an illustration of which situation characteristic?

temporal perspective

A metagoal refers to

the general nature of the outcome being sought.

Attribute-based choice requires

the knowledge of specific attributes at the time the choice is made and attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands.

Purchases made in a retail outlet that are different from those the consumer planned to make prior to entering that retail outlet are called

unplanned purchases.

Using a product in a new way is referred to as

use innovativeness.