gov unit 2 -- chapters 3-6
Which of the following describes the Committee on Homeland Security? a. a standing committee that later became a special committee b. a special committee that later became a standing committee c. a conference committee that later became a joint committee d. a joint committee that later became a conference committee
b.
Which of the following hears the most cases per year? Choices the U.S. Supreme Court the state trial courts the U.S. district courts the state appellate courts
b.
delegate
A model of representation calling for members of Congress to serve as the mouthpiece of their constituents in the legislative process. As a delegate, a member is expected to directly reflect constituent sentiment.
amnesty
A pardon that is issued to a group of people who are not in compliance with the law.
standing committees
A permanent committee of the House or the Senate that reviews and reports legislation to the full chamber.
spoils system
A political system in which the winning party in an election compensates its supporters with government jobs and services.
bureaucracy
A set of structures and procedures used by government (or other large organizations) to administer policies and programs.
privatization
A shift in responsibility for service provision from the public sector to the private sector.
filibuster
A tactic used to delay or prevent action on a bill by extending the debate on it.
conference committees
A temporary committee composed of members from both the House and the Senate responsible for working out the differences between chamber versions of a bill.
special committees
A temporary committee organized around a specific purpose. Also called a select committee or an ad hoc committee, a special committee is usually investigative in nature and lacks the authority to review legislation.
iron triangle
A term describing the coordination among congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups.
Which of the following is a key provision of the Affordable Care Act? a. to provide federally run health care coverage b. to expand access to insurance coverage c. to phase out Medicare and Medicaid d. to establish a nonprofit health care system
b.
Which of the following is a strategic goal of the USDA? (See the Strategic Plan Framework on pages 3-4 of the PDF.) a. ensuring access to efficient transportation for those in rural areas b. preserving natural resources and protecting them from climate change c. maintaining seed banks to protect biodiversity in the event of a natural disaster d. providing fresh produce and whole grains to low-income children
b.
Which of the following is considered a standing committee? a. a special committee b. the Rules Committee c. an ad hoc committee d. the Select Committee on Benghazi
b.
Which of the following is the primary source of the power of discretion given to bureaucrats? Choices the president Congress Supreme Court decisions the Tenth Amendment
b.
Which of the following powers would a president most likely utilize toward the end of his or her term? a. appointing a secretary of state b. granting a pardon to a convicted criminal c. nominating a Supreme Court justice d. giving a State of the Union address
b.
Which of the following provides the National Organic Program with its regulatory authority? a. a Health and Human Services initiative b. congressional legislation c. an executive decree d. the Supreme Court
b.
Which of the following serves narrow rather than general interests? Choices the Department of Education the Department of Agriculture the State Department the Internal Revenue Service
b.
Which of the following would be an accurate statement regarding women in Congress? a. Membership in the U.S. Congress is less than 10 percent female. b. Membership in the U.S. Congress reflects the average membership of women in parliaments around the world. c. Female membership in the U.S. Congress is far greater in proportion to that of legislatures in Nordic countries. d. Membership in the U.S. Congress reflects the real population of women in America.
b.
Which state gained the most seats in the House as a result of congressional reapportionment following the 2010 census? a. California b. Texas c. Florida d. Ohio
b.
Who is the institutional leader of the House? a. the majority leader b. the Speaker c. the majority whip d. the vice president
b.
Who runs the insurance exchanges? Choices either a state government, insurance providers, or both either the federal government, a state government, or both insurance providers only the federal government only
b.
What are the term lengths for the members of each house of Congress? a. six years for representatives and two years for senators b. ten years for representatives and five years for senators c. six years for senators and two years for representatives d. ten years for senators and five years for representatives
c.
What distinguishes an iron triangle from an issue network? Choices Members of Congress have less say in an iron triangle. The clientele are not represented in an iron triangle. An iron triangle tends to be more powerful than an issue network. An iron triangle is less effective than an issue network.
c.
What is one way the ACA aims to expand access to insurance coverage? a. by lowering the age limit for children to be included on their parents' insurance b. by offering a public option for health insurance c. by requiring individuals to have insurance d. by offering Medicaid to all illegal immigrants
c.
pardons
The exoneration of both the crime and the associated penalty.
reprieves
The exoneration of the penalty associated with a crime, but not of the crime itself.
impeachment
The first step in the process of removing an official from public office by force. It occurs when a legislative body votes to bring charges against the official.
What is Representative David Price's committee position? a. chair of the House Homeland Security Committee b. chair of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security c. ranking member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security d. chair of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration
b.
What is the largest division within HHS according to actual spending in 2016? Choices the Administration for Children & Families the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services the FDA the National Institutes of Health
b.
What term is used to describe a situation in which the president does not sign a bill before Congress adjourns? a. cloture b. pocket veto c. filibuster d. markup
b.
Which international agreement did the United States withdraw from following EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt's recommendation in 2017? a. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization b. the Paris Agreement c. the Kyoto Protocol d. the North American Free Trade Agreement
b.
Which of the following BEST describes what has happened to the EPA's budget over the past 40 years? Choices The budget remained relatively stable until the 1990s, and then increased dramatically under President Clinton. The budget has remained relatively stable since 1980. The budget has slowly but steadily increased over time. The budget has remained stable since 1970.
b.
Which of the following is true of parties and committees? a. They were invented by political operatives in the late 20th century. b. They impede Congress's ability to function productively and efficiently. c. They are mentioned several times in Article I of the U.S. Constitution. d. They improve Congress's ability to function productively and efficiently.
d.
Jim Crow laws were upheld by the Supreme Court for how long? Choices 15 years 30 years 100 years 60 years
d.
ratification
Formal and legally binding approval.
trustee
A model of representation calling for members of Congress to protect the interests of their constituents. As a trustee, a member is expected to use his or her best judgment in making legislative decisions.
joint committees
A committee composed of members from both the House and the Senate with jurisdiction over specific issues of mutual interest.
issue network
A complex set of cooperative relationships between groups of citizens affected by a particular set of policies and the bureaucratic agency and congressional committee with jurisdiction over those policies.
committee
A group of members of Congress assigned to consider proposed legislation in a given jurisdiction and make recommendations to the full chamber.
cloture
A legislative procedure used in the Senate to bring an end to debate. It requires 60 votes to invoke cloture and end a filibuster.
pocket veto
A type of veto that does not require the president's signature. If the president does not sign a bill into law within ten days of receiving it and Congress is in session, the bill becomes law without the president's signature. If the president does not sign a bill into law within ten days of receiving it and Congress adjourns, then the bill is effectively vetoed without the president's signature.
The move to privatization has engendered which of the following concerns? Choices government accountability contractor competence outsourcing contractor availability
A.
partisan
Acting in allegiance to a specific political party, cause, or ideology.
Necessary and Proper Clause
Also known as the Elastic Clause, the portion of Article I, §8 of the Constitution that grants Congress the authority to do whatever is required to execute its enumerated powers.
Devolution entails which of the following? Choose the BEST answer. Choices a larger degree of federal implementation of programs delegating power to state and local governments cutting government personnel a shift from the public to the private sector
B.
The use of security contractors in Iraq represents an example of which of the following? Choices devolution budget cuts privatization reengineering
C.
Which of the following accurately describes the program termination efforts of the Republican-controlled 104th Congress? Choices Numerous cuts were made, effectively reducing the size of the federal bureaucracy. The Department of Defense budget was significantly reduced, but most of its programs remained intact. Efforts focused on two fairly small agencies. Efforts focused on two very large agencies.
C.
After World War II ended, what happened to the federal bureaucracy? Choices President Truman reduced it to its pre-New Deal size. It rapidly expanded. President Truman made efforts to streamline it. It became generally less efficient.
C/
According to a 2007 poll, Americans MOST favored cutting which of the following programs? Choices Medicaid farm subsidies welfare space
D.
logrolling
Exchanging political favors, such as votes, to achieve mutually beneficial legislative outcomes.
implied powers
General powers suggested by the Constitution rather than specifically enumerated within it.
Which of the following is the first to see a bill after it is proposed? a. the full chamber of the House b. a committee chair c. the Rules Committee d. the Clerk of the House
d.
whips
Members of Congress tasked with enforcing party discipline and ensuring the presence of other members of the party when votes are taken on the floor of each chamber.
Presidents have historically depended on their party in which of the following capacities? a. setting the agenda b. funding the campaign c. supporting judicial nominees d. mobilizing voters
d.
casework
Services provided by members of Congress and their staff to assist constituents in dealing with bureaucratic agencies.
Senate confirmation
The approval, by two-thirds of the senators present, of a presidential nominee.
devolution
The delegation of power by the federal government to state and local governments.
federal bureaucracy
The departments, agencies, bureaus, and offices of the executive branch of government that are characterized by hierarchical organization and the assignment of specific job responsibilities to employees.
Commerce Clause
The enumerated power from Article 1, §8 of the Constitution that grants Congress the authority to regulate commerce. The Commerce Clause has provided the basis for expanded national power through federal legislation on a broad array of issues.
Progressive Era
The period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries marked by a social movement calling for sweeping reforms through increased government regulation. Some of the Progressives' priorities included prohibition of alcohol, extension of voting rights to women, and limitations on government corruption.
Executive Power Clause
The portion of Article II, sec. 1, of the Constitution that grants the president the authority to carry out all laws passed by Congress. The vague language of this clause has been used by presidents to significantly expand the powers of the office.
reapportionment
The process by which seats in the House of Representatives are redistributed to each state to account for nationwide population shifts detected in the decennial census.
divided government
The situation occurring when one party controls the White House and another party controls the House, the Senate, or both.
unified government
The situation occurring when the same party controls the Senate, the House of Representatives, and the White House.
Globalization
The spread and integration of economics, politics, technology, and culture around the world.
incumbents
Those who currently hold political office.
Which of the following members of Congress would represent the greatest number of constituents? a. a senator from California b. a senator from Rhode Island c. a senator from Montana d. a representative from California
a.
Which of the following is an example of an expressed power? a. organizing the federal bureaucracy b. invoking executive privilege c. issuing executive orders d. vetoing legislation
d.
Which of the following is unique to the Senate bill review process? a. potential for filibuster b. ability to override a presidential veto c. review by committees d. review by subcommittees
a.
A worker at the upper end of a bureaucratic hierarchy would probably be which of the following? a. a person of greater authority b. a generalist c. a person who handles complaints d. a senator
a.
According to Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano, what is the only branch of government that is able to initiate a reform bill? a. the legislative branch b. both the executive AND legislative branches c. the executive branch d. the judicial branch
a.
According to surveys, how do a majority of Americans view the federal bureaucracy? a. wasteful and ever expanding b. underfunded and shrinking c. helpful and underfunded d. efficient and worth funding
a.
According to the PDF, which of the following states lost congressional seats as a result of the 2010 Census? a. Ohio b. Alabama c. Florida d. North Carolina
a.
According to the document, a "take-up rate" is the number of people who apply for a government benefit. How is state support of the ACA related to the take-up rate? (See Issue 1 on pages 17-18.) Choices The more states advertise the ACA, the greater the take-up rate, and the fewer uninsured there will be. The take-up rate decreases as more states accept the Medicaid expansion and set up their own exchanges. The take-up rate increases as more Americans become dissatisfied with the ACA and voice their disapproval. The less states advertise, the more difficult it is to encourage individuals to sign up for the ACA, and thus the greater the take-up rate will be.
a.
At which point is a bill sent to the Senate for approval? a. when it has been passed by the full House following debate and amendment b. once it has passed through a markup session c. after being dropped in the Hopper d. after being reported to the full chamber of the House
a.
Burke and Kamarck note that two previous major health care reforms, the establishment of Medicare in 1965 and the development of Medicare Part D in 2003, might help us know what to expect in terms of the implementation of the ACA. However, they note some critical differences between the implementation of those reforms and the implementation of the ACA. How is the ACA different from the Medicare developments? Choices The implementation of the ACA is more complex because it involves all 50 states and the federal government working together. The implementation of the ACA is more complex because it effectively replaces both Medicare and Medicaid. The implementation of the ACA is less complex because it only involves the federal government implementing the law. The implementation of the ACA is less complex because it doesn't require major changes to the health care industry.
a.
Devolution efforts in the area of welfare reform have resulted in which of the following? Choices differences in the quality of services provided by different states a standardized level of services across all states weaker state authority stronger federal control
a.
Executive departments generally correspond to which of the following? a. congressional committees b. federal court jurisdictions c. presidential policy priorities d. state-level administrative offices
a.
For a bureaucrat, which of the following would allow for a maximal amount of discretion in interpretation? Choices vaguely worded legislation a law that contains clear instructions for implementation a divided government a law that includes specific definitions of terms
a.
How did distrust of the British government influence the original structure of the federal bureaucracy? Choices The bureaucracy was small when initially created. The bureaucracy was placed under the authority of the Supreme Court. Head bureaucrats were replaced every two years. Head bureaucrats were directly elected by popular vote.
a.
How does the majority party exercise more power than the minority party in congressional proceedings? a. by controlling the referral of legislation to committees b. by determining which bills become laws c. by voting on legislation in the event of a tie d. by proposing legislation
a.
How have presidents expanded their power over time? Choose the BEST answer. a. through their interpretation of implied powers b. through public relations campaigns c. through constitutional amendments d. through their use of expressed powers
a.
In order for a case to reach the Supreme Court, it needs to meet which of the following criteria? Choices The parties must be able to prove personal or economic injury. The case is a hypothetical exercise in potential applications of the law. The parties must show a general interest in the resolution of the case. The problem has been resolved and is unlikely to happen again.
a.
In which of the following ways do congressional committees exercise authority over the workings of the federal bureaucracy? a. by holding committee oversight hearings b. by hiring and firing department heads c. by terminating government programs d. by advising the president regarding management of agencies
a.
James David Barber, a noted presidential scholar, achieved renown when he foresaw problems based on the character of which president? a. Richard Nixon b. George W. Bush c. Bill Clinton d. John F. Kennedy
a.
Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to do which of the following? Choices strike down any law overturn presidential vetoes amend the Constitution develop public policy
a.
Once a bill has been introduced, where does the Speaker of the House send it? a. to a committee b. to the majority whip c. to the president d. to the party leader
a.
Page 17 lists eight issues that are described as fundamental to determining if the implementation of the ACA is a success. Which of the following BEST summarizes the central question at the heart of these issues? Choices Do more people have access to health care as a result of the ACA? Does the average American know what the ACA law is? Do all employers begin to offer health care to all workers? Did all 50 states choose to participate in the ACA exchanges?
a.
The Judiciary Act did which of the following? Choices created a three-tiered federal court structure extended Supreme Court jurisdiction in questions of federal law defined the crime of treason granted judicial power to the Supreme Court
a.
The Reagan Revolution may be seen as a reaction to which of the following? Choices ineffective Great Society programs expanding economic activity outdated New Deal programs declining government responsibility
a.
The Supreme Court's powers are limited in which of the following ways? Choices It cannot enforce the decisions it makes. It cannot decide which state laws are unconstitutional. It cannot overturn laws passed by Congress. It cannot decide which federal laws are unconstitutional.
a.
The executive branch includes which of the following? a. cabinet departments and federal agencies b. federal judges and courts of appeals c. state lawmakers and congressional committees d. corporate managers and boards of directors
a.
The largest part of the USDA budget is allocated to the Food and Nutrition Service agency. What is its mission? a. to provide those with limited means access to nutritious food in a way that supports American agriculture b. to provide subsidies to low-income farmers who grow nutrient-dense crops c. to provide job training to low-income Americans who want to become nutritionists d. to promote healthful diets among all Americans
a.
The membership of the National Organic Standards Board is composed of which of the following? a. a variety of different stakeholders from the organic community b. a collection of agriculture lobbyists and environmental activists c. a group of scientists who specialize in organic farming practices d. a committee of members of Congress and USDA officials
a.
The relationship between a president and his party is typically described as which of the following? a. symbiotic b. generally negative c. parasitic d. intense
a.
Which of the following is responsible for administering laws? a. the military b. the police c. the legislative branch d. the executive branch
d.
What are the health insurance exchanges? Choices online marketplaces for individuals to purchase insurance coverage that will comply with the Affordable Care Act local conferences where insurance representatives meet to ensure that their policies will comply with the Affordable Care Act online forums for individuals to read and discuss provisions of the Affordable Care Act that might affect them local conferences where individuals can meet with both insurance representatives and government officials to voice concerns about their policies
a.
What aspect of the legislative process does this video BEST illustrate? a. Passing a bill is a complicated process that requires consensus, and therefore it's difficult for a bill to become a law. b. A bill can be defeated by a filibuster on the Senate floor. c. Congress can override a presidential veto by a two-thirds vote. d. Even when Congress passes a bill, the president can veto it.
a.
What did FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover tell President Johnson regarding the initial investigation into Kennedy's assassination? a. Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. b. There was a direct link to Cuba and the failed Bay of Pigs invasion by the United States. c. Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby conspired to carry out the assassination of President Kennedy. d. There was a second shooter, possibly a Cuban national, on the grassy knoll.
a.
What does President Johnson tell Senator Richard Russell to convince him of the importance of serving on the commission tasked with issuing a definitive report on the Kennedy assassination? a. Johnson brings up the prospect that all the speculation about Khrushchev and Castro's involvement in Kennedy's assassination could lead to a catastrophic war with the Soviet Union. b. Johnson tells Russell that the senator's unique knowledge of Lee Harvey Oswald's background and Cuban connections will provide the commission valuable insight as it investigates potential conspiracies behind Kennedy's assassination. c. Johnson reminds Russell of the senator's long-running friendship with Earl Warren and maintains that the two men have always done their best work together. d. Johnson argues that the commission needs a prominent Democrat like Russell to provide political balance and convince the American public that its conclusions are truly bipartisan.
a.
What does the term "adverse selection" mean, and how is it related to premium costs under the ACA? (See issue 2 on pages 18-20.) Choices Adverse selection refers to the possibility that sick people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than healthy ones, thus increasing premium costs for everyone. Adverse selection refers to the dissatisfaction expressed by Republican governors who refuse to expand Medicaid or set up insurance exchanges in their states. Adverse selection refers to the likelihood that insurance companies will reject applicants with preexisting conditions and only offer coverage to those who are young and healthy. Adverse selection refers to the possibility that healthy people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than sick ones, thus lowering premium costs for everyone.
a.
What does the video imply about the role of the farmer in determining his production methods? a. The farmer has a certain amount of autonomy over his agricultural decisions. b. The farmer is burdened by excessive government regulation. c. The farmer is constrained by the decisions of his cooperative. d. The farmer is completely subject to the whims of the market.
a.
What is an independent agency? a. an organization set up by Congress b. a regulatory commission c. a part of the cabinet d. a component of an executive department
a.
What is the primary means by which the president checks the power of the bureaucracy? Choose the BEST answer. Choices the power of appointments department funding the patronage system department employment levels
a.
What was Representative Barbara Lee's main criticism of the 2001 resolution authorizing the use of military force? a. that it gave the president unlimited power regarding U.S. foreign policy b. that it didn't allow the president enough authority to act on behalf of national security interests c. that it was unpatriotic and perpetrated injustice across the international community d. that it unfairly increased the war powers of Congress
a.
What was a reform that one state in particular had already tested out before passage and implementation of the ACA? a. Massachusetts had already enacted an individual mandate requiring health insurance. b. Utah had already raised the age limit for children to remain on their parents' insurance. c. New York had already required insurance companies to cover all individuals with preexisting conditions. d. Oregon had already pioneered the inclusion of holistic health care to be covered by traditional health insurance.
a.
When did Congress pass a bill to limit its size? a. in 1929 b. in 1920 c. in 1791 d. in 1964
a.
Which of the following BEST describes President Reagan's efforts to shrink the government? Choices hindered by a Democratic majority in the House of Representatives a complete failure highly successful and permanently effective just a campaign promise
a.
Which of the following allows Congress to check the power of the Supreme Court? Choices constitutional amendment judicial review writs of mandamus veto overrides
a.
Which of the following challenges faced Johnson when he became president? a. speculation that Cuba or the Soviet Union had been responsible for Kennedy's assassination b. speculation that Johnson himself had been involved in the plot to kill Kennedy c. massive public demonstrations against the war in Vietnam d. a Republican-controlled Congress that Johnson had made enemies of during his time in the Senate
a.
Which of the following is MOST likely to influence whether a member is selected for a committee assignment? a. demographic profile b. ethnic background c. gender d. age
a.
Which of the following is a common suggestion as to how the federal bureaucracy should be reformed? Choices It should become more efficient. It should be reduced to a single government agency. It should become much larger. It should be under tighter presidential control.
a.
Which of the following is a duty the president assumes as a public opinion leader? a. shape the national agenda b. shape the party agenda c. implement party priorities d. serve as head of state
a.
Which of the following is an expressed presidential power? a. entering into treaties with foreign nations b. entering into executive agreements c. exercising executive privilege d. serving as head of state in diplomatic relations
a.
Which of the following occurred during the Great Depression and its aftermath? a. The executive branch created a number of new bureaucratic offices. b. Government programs were implemented to deal with events like Shays' Rebellion. c. The federal government contracted in size due to the severity of the recession. d. The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause remained consistent with its historical treatment of this clause.
a.
Which of the following states has only one "at-large" member in the House of Representatives? a. Alaska b. New Hampshire c. Hawaii d. Oregon
a.
Which of the following would fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? Choices a case involving a dispute between Kansas and Missouri any case involving civil rights a lawsuit brought by a citizen of California against a company in California an appeal of a decision made by a lower federal court
a.
Which of the following would represent an accurate statement regarding executive orders? a. Executive orders are derived from the presidential oath of office and the Executive Power Clause. b. Executive orders require the approval of Congress. c. The power to issue executive orders is expressed in the Constitution. d. The Supreme Court does not have the power to rule on the constitutionality of executive orders.
a.
Which portion of the Constitution gives Congress the power to make laws? a. the Necessary and Proper Clause b. the Establishment Clause c. the Supremacy Clause d. the Commerce Clause
a.
Who represents the federal government in cases heard by U.S. appellate courts? Choices the solicitor general the FBI director the attorney general the White House chief of staff
a.
Why does Representative Zoe Lofgren's position as chair of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration make her important to the legislative process on immigration reform? a. Her committee will have primary jurisdiction over consideration and amendment of any bill authorizing immigration reform legislation. b. Her committee will have primary jurisdiction over scheduling the final floor vote for any bill authorizing immigration reform legislation. c. Her committee will have primary jurisdiction over consideration and amendment of any bill that appropriates funds for immigration reform legislation. d. Her committee will have primary jurisdiction over consideration and amendment of any bill that authorizes Justice Department reform legislation.
a.
Which of the following represents a presidential check on judicial power? Choose the BEST answer. a. convening Congress b. presiding over an impeachment hearing c. granting amnesty to a group of people d. vetoing legislation
c.
According to the FAQ on the certification page, for an existing farm to become certified organic, how much time must have elapsed, at minimum, since prohibited substances were used on the farm? a. one year b. 36 weeks c. three years d. five years
c.
The Department of Agriculture may be considered which of the following? a. tied to the Committee on Natural Resources b. serving the interests of the general population c. an independent agency d. clientele-oriented
d.
According to Figure 7, which executive department has the largest budget? Choices Veterans Affairs Health and Human Services Defense Transportation
b.
According to Richard Neustadt, a president's performance is directly related to which of the following? a. management style b. the power to persuade c. general appearance d. the ability to maintain good relations with the media
b.
According to Subpart C of the National Organic Program regulations, what are the origin requirements for raising organic pigs? (See section 205.236.) a. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the second day of life. b. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the last third of gestation. c. Livestock must be born from breeder stock that has been under continuous organic management. d. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from birth.
b.
According to political scientist B. Guy Peters, clientele agencies rely on a single or a select few interest groups to represent an entire sector when seeking information and advice. As a result, clientele relationships become symbiotic, or mutually dependent. Which of the following BEST explains how the USDA's National Organic Program provides a good example of the symbiotic relationships that exist in clientele agencies? a. Mutual dependencies exist between consumer protection groups and organic food consumers; consumer protection groups benefit from having organic standards to enforce, and organic food consumers enjoy organic foods they can trust. b. Mutual dependencies exist between organic agricultural producers and the NOP; the agricultural producers benefit from standards that help them bring organic foods to market, and the NOP receives expert assistance from agricultural producers in making rules and supporting organic standards. c. Competing dependencies exist between environmental regulators and the NOP; environmental regulators want EPA regulations supported by agricultural producers, and the NOP needs agricultural producers to support its organic regulations. d. A reciprocal relationship exists between organic agricultural producers and consumers; agricultural producers benefit from consumers who buy organic food, and consumers receive more healthful organic foods at a reasonable price.
b.
According to the Department of Agriculture's vision statement (page 2 of the PDF), which of the following is an objective of the agency? a. to protect human health and the environment b. to promote sustainability in agricultural production c. to assure the safety and security of the nation's food supply d. to acquire and lease arable land to the public
b.
According to the PDF, which of the following states gained congressional seats as a result of the 2010 Census? a. West Virginia b. Texas c. North Carolina d. South Dakota
b.
According to the PDF, which state has the highest number of people per representative? a. South Dakota b. Montana c. Delaware d. Wyoming
b.
According to the table, which party controls the most states? a. Democrats—they control 22 states. b. Republicans—they control 22 states. c. Republicans—they control 25 states. d. Neither party—most states are split.
b.
According to the text, what federal agency did Donald Trump promise to eliminate during his campaign for the presidency in 2016? a. the Department of Energy b. the Environmental Protection Agency c. the National Aeronautics and Space Administration d. the Department of Education
b.
According to the video, why are bipartisan committees usually "not enough" to prevent gerrymandering? Choose the BEST answer. a. People from different political parties are rarely able to work together successfully. b. The committees just wind up creating new gerrymandered districts that favor their own political parties. c. Committees that work on political issues are too influenced by big-money donors. d. Bipartisan committees overlook how redistricting affects independent voters.
b.
Executive privilege was invoked in which of the following cases? a. school desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas b. the Watergate scandal c. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" d. the White House Office of Faith-Based Initiatives
b.
How does historian Robert Dallek analyze the relationship between Johnson and Jackie Kennedy? a. The phone calls between them are evidence that Johnson believed that he should distance himself from anything connected to the previous administration, including Jackie Kennedy. b. Johnson's affection for Jackie Kennedy was legitimate, but he was also conscious of the political benefits of keeping her close. c. During Johnson's first days in the White House, Jackie Kennedy was the one person that the new president interacted with on a purely personal level, without thinking about the political ramifications. d. The phone calls between them are evidence that Johnson was openly flirtatious with Jackie Kennedy and may have been interested in her romantically.
b.
How does the main character's approach to farming evolve over the course of the video? a. He begins as an independent farmer, but eventually joins a cooperative to obtain better prices on tools. b. He begins with a small family farm and slowly transitions to farming with industrial methods, but eventually returns to small-scale organic farming. c. He begins as a small-scale, organic farmer, but then evolves into an industrial farm with the help of the government. d. After he is showered with riches from industrial farming, he is unable to alter his operations.
b.
How has President Donald Trump changed the relationship between the presidency and party members? a. by inviting party leadership to speak for him in the press b. by using Twitter to bypass the filters of party and press c. by using his influence to campaign for party members d. by giving his legislative agenda to members of his own party in Congress before "going public"
b.
How many entities make up the Executive Office of the President? a. 15 b. 13 c. 12 d. 10
b.
How many executive departments existed during the time that George Washington served as president? a. one b. three c. six d. none
b.
How many justices served during the first session of the Supreme Court? Choices nine six three four
b.
If Representative Gaetz voted for President Donald Trump's federal budget against the will of his constituents, we would say that he was doing which of the following? a. using the filibuster b. acting as a trustee c. acting as a delegate d. using the nuclear option
b.
In the video, why is the House waiting for the Senate to act first on immigration reform legislation? a. It's not procedurally possible for the House to act on any legislation before the Senate passes it. b. The Senate needs at least 60 votes to be able to move forward with a bill, so before investing time to work out the details of their own reform bill, the House leadership needs to see what can pass in the Senate first. c. The House needs the Senate to act first to allow the House leadership time to engage in public debate in order to gain bipartisan consensus. d. Homeland security legislation such as immigration reform must originate in the Senate.
b.
On the evening Johnson was sworn in as president of the United States, he called Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg to seek his advice on which of the following? a. why President Kennedy was assassinated b. how to unite the country c. whether to declare war against the Soviet Union d. what his legislative agenda should be
b.
President Jimmy Carter preferred which style of leadership? a. reactionary b. hands-on c. big picture d. hands-off
b.
President Ronald Reagan's management style resembled which of the following? a. a general b. a CEO c. hands-on d. wheel-like
b.
Public opinion polls show that Americans generally view government-run programs as what? Choices conservative inefficient corrupt efficient
b.
The president's veto power is derived from which of the following? a. the Supremacy Clause b. Article I of the Constitution c. Article II of the Constitution d. the Executive Power Clause
b.
The use of paperwork in a bureaucracy lends itself to which of the following? a. specialization b. standardization c. secrecy d. education
b.
Thomas Newton has built his career selling livestock at auction. As a supporter of the newly elected president, he has been offered a job in the Department of Transportation even though he knows little about transportation issues. What is this an example of? Choices a meritocracy the spoils system the zone of indifference a clientele agency
b.
To help facilitate a smooth implementation of the ACA, what has the federal government done to assist consumers who are trying to obtain health insurance? Choices It automatically enrolls individuals in the cheapest possible insurance plan if they have not obtained coverage on their own by January 15, 2014. It has set up a call center to answer questions from people in states that use the federal exchange. It has delayed the deadline for individuals to obtain health insurance until 2020. It allows anyone without employer-provided health insurance to temporarily enroll in Medicaid until they have purchased their own insurance on one of the exchanges.
b.
What alternative mechanism may a president use to enter into an international agreement without the support of legislators? a. replacing an ambassador b. signing an executive agreement c. issuing an executive order d. proposing a UN resolution
b.
What are the three components of an iron triangle? Choices executive departments, state legislatures, and local court systems congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups government officials, party leaders, and influential journalists presidential aides, congressional staffers, and federal law clerks
b.
What competing values must Representative Gaetz weigh when making legislative decisions? a. support for both higher taxes and spending cuts b. ideological opposition to spending, but support for spending in day-to-day governing c. support for spending cuts and refusal to accept federal government funds d. ideological support for spending, but opposition to spending in day-to-day governing
b.
What conclusions can be drawn from the recent vote in Great Britain to leave the European Union and President Trump's questioning of the United States' participation in NAFTA? a. Globalization is stronger than ever. b. The process of globalization is not inevitable. c. Globalization has ended. d. The process of globalization remains unchanged.
b.
What does Edwards describe as the "conundrum" for presidents in polarized times? a. whether to try to change the opinions of members of Congress or of the American public b. whether to compromise or be assertive c. whether to focus on one big thing or many little things d. whether to negotiate with Congress openly or in secret
b.
What does the Supreme Court consider when hearing a case on appeal? Choices evidence application of the law testimony news reports on the case
b.
The Federal Reserve System is which of the following? a. an executive department b. a government corporation c. a part of the EOP d. an independent regulatory commission
d.
Why is it difficult for the president to change the minds of members of Congress? a. Members of Congress tend to be entrenched in their policy views. b. Congress is highly polarized AND its members tend to be entrenched in their policy views. c. Members of Congress tend to be entrenched in their policy views AND the president rarely interacts with them directly. d. Congress is highly polarized.
b.
Why? a. He publicly attacked members of Congress who refused to support his agenda. b. He focused on only a few things at a time and exploited the opportunities that arose. c. He was open about his willingness to compromise with the opposing party. d. His party held sizable majorities in both the House and Senate.
b.
he spoils system had which of the following effects? Choices the outbreak of the Civil War the expansion of the federal bureaucracy an amendment to the Constitution the election of President John Adams
b.
Which of the following reflects a duty of the vice president? a. to remain a constant presence in Congress b. to replace the Speaker of the House in his or her absence c. to vote in the Senate if there is a tie d. to oversee troop deployments
c.
The Supreme Court appears to be susceptible to which of the following influences (among others)? Choices bribery presidential orders media criticism amicus curiae briefs
d.
A bureaucracy has which of the following characteristics? Choices a. It's generally used to create legislation and policy. b. It's made up of employees who are generalists. c. It reflects a division of labor. d. It's managed by a hierarchy similar to a hub-and-spoke design.
c.
According to Barber's typology, which of the following personality types potentially makes the best type of president? a. passive positive b. passive negative c. active positive d. active negative
c.
According to Edwards, how effective are presidents at moving public opinion? a. Only the best communicators like Reagan and Lincoln have an easy time moving public opinion. b. Only those who cultivate good relationships with the media have an easy time moving public opinion. c. Presidents almost always have a hard time moving public opinion. d. Presidents almost always have an easy time moving public opinion.
c.
According to Rep. Price, what is the difference between authorization authority and appropriations authority in Congress? a. Senate committees have authorization authority; House committees have appropriations authority. b. The committees that prepare the basic statute have appropriations authority; the committees that fund those statutes have authorization authority. c. The committees that prepare the basic statute have authorization authority; the committees that fund those statutes have appropriations authority. d. The committees that prepare the basic statute have authorization authority; the committees that provide personnel to pass the bill have appropriations authority.
c.
According to Subpart C of the National Organic Program regulations, organically raised livestock would be allowed to consume which of the following? (See section 205.237.) a. plastic pellets for roughage b. feed containing antibiotics c. feed grazed from pasture d. animal drugs and hormones
c.
According to Table 1, section 2 of Article III does which of the following? Choices creates the Supreme Court defines the crime of treason gives the Supreme Court original and appellate jurisdiction gives Congress the power to establish lower courts
c.
According to Table 2, which of the following presidents is characterized as having a passive negative personality? a. Bill Clinton b. Ronald Reagan c. George Washington d. Woodrow Wilson
c.
According to presidential historians, which president ranked first in terms of leadership characteristics? a. Dwight D. Eisenhower b. Franklin D. Roosevelt c. Abraham Lincoln d. Ronald Reagan
c.
According to the National Organic Standards Board page, what is the primary purpose of the NOSB? a. to advise the USDA on how to best organize organic farms throughout the county b. to provide federal oversight of the organic standards regulatory process c. to advise the USDA on what substances may be used to produce organic agricultural products d. to make binding policies on organic production practices
c.
According to the text, what has come to be viewed as the moment when the federal bureaucracy became a crucial provider of social services? Choices the outbreak of World War II the Stock Market Crash of 1929 the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935 the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt
c.
According to the text, why was Congress slow to act on President Obama's health care reform proposal? a. Republican Party leaders spoke out strongly in favor of the proposed reforms. b. Members did not feel that the nation's health care system was in need of reform. c. Members faced conflicting pressures when evaluating the proposed reforms. d. Democratic Party leaders spoke out strongly against the proposed reforms.
c.
Both the Appropriations Committee and Judiciary Committee are what type of committees according to the information provided on the page titled "Committees" in the Congress chapter of this webtext? a. a conference committee b. a joint committee c. a standing committee d. a special committee
c.
By what means was the Supreme Court's power first significantly increased? Choices the Judiciary Act of 1789 construction of the Supreme Court building Marbury v. Madison Article III of the Constitution
c.
Considering the rulemaking process, how might controversy affect the approval of a new organic standard? a. It would probably cause the regulation to be approved. b. It would probably cause the regulation to be dropped. c. It would probably delay the rulemaking process. d. It would probably expedite the rulemaking process.
c.
Globalization and technological progress have had which of the following effects on the U.S. presidency? a. They have generally decreased presidential power. b. They have not had any effect on presidential power. c. They have generally increased presidential power. d. They have made it easier for the president to make decisions.
c.
How do Rep. Price and Philip Kiko explain the role of partisanship as it relates to passing an immigration reform bill? a. Rep. Price believes that both sides are too firmly entrenched in their position to ever compromise, while Kiko suggests that if the Democrats better articulated the advantages of comprehensive reform, more Republicans would see their side. b. Rep. Price emphasizes how cleanly this issue divides across party lines, with all Republicans favoring deportation and all Democrats favoring citizenship, while Kiko argues that the partisanship divide is blurrier than it first appears. c. Rep. Price implies that the primary problem is the ubiquitous anti-immigrant position on the Republican side, while Kiko suggests that the Democrats' unwillingness to compromise is a key factor. d. Rep. Price and Kiko both discuss the significant partisan divide on this issue, but Rep. Price is far more optimistic about the chances of the bill passing if Democrats are willing to reach across the divide.
c.
How has presidential power changed over the course of American history? a. It has remained largely the same. b. It grew for a short time and then shrunk again. c. It has grown over time. d. It has shrunk considerably.
c.
How large is the federal civilian workforce in the executive branch? a. nearly 1.5 million employees b. nearly 100,000 employees c. nearly 2.8 million employees d. nearly 500,000 employees
c.
If we consider a member of Congress to be acting as a delegate, the member is doing which of the following? a. relying on his or her own judgment b. acting on personal conviction c. following the will of his or her constituency d. solving problems based on available information
c.
In which Congressional chamber did the 2006 immigration bill fail to pass, and what was the primary reason for its failure according to Philip Kiko? a. the House, because debate on the bill was rushed b. the House, because the bill was too expensive c. the Senate, because there was an unwillingness to compromise over citizenship issues d. the Senate, because of inadequate enforcement issues
c.
The Pendleton Act did which of the following? Choices created regulations designed to prevent monopolistic behavior established minimum wages required federal employees to be hired based on merit ensured the preservation of Yellowstone National Park
c.
The United States' role as a world leader has which of the following consequences? a. a transition away from importing and exporting b. decreased presidential power c. ripple effects from domestic economic activity d. increased isolationism
c.
The anti-Federalists worried about which of the following? a. a large House of Representatives b. the age of members of Congress c. a small Senate d. the legislative process
c.
The organic certification process includes which of the following steps? a. The local health inspector tours the producer's farm to provide advice on how to comply with USDA organic regulations. b. The head of the USDA ratifies the organic certificate issued to the producer by the certifying agent. c. The certifying agent reviews the producer's application and the inspector's report to determine if the applicant complies with the USDA organic regulations. d. The producer meets with an inspector at the local USDA offices to review the application and discuss the producer's agricultural practices.
c.
Under what circumstances might the president use the power to receive foreign dignitaries and appoint U.S. ambassadors? Choose the BEST answer. a. to strengthen party loyalty b. to criticize proposed legislation c. to recognize the legitimacy of other nations d. to provide a check on the judicial system
c.
What are the requirements for a product to be labeled as organic? a. It must be produced using GMOs that have been deemed safe by the USDA, and approved by a certifying agent from the EPA. b. It must be produced using all-natural fertilizers and no pesticides, and approved by the head of the USDA. c. It must be produced using allowed substances and without excluded methods, and approved by a USDA NOP-authorized certifying agent. d. It must be produced using preferred methods to avoid chemical contamination and without GMO exposure, and approved by a licensing agent from the local board of health.
c.
What is the House Immigration Reform Caucus? a. a coalition of Republican members of the House demanding more secure borders and increased funding for the Department of Homeland Security b. a coalition of Democratic members of the House that works to increase access to U.S. citizenship for undocumented immigrants c. a bipartisan group of nearly a hundred members of the House that is focused on finding legislative solutions to immigration issues d. a lobbying group that advocates to increase healthcare access and employment opportunities for undocumented workers
c.
What is the first step a case on appeal goes through in its journey to the Supreme Court? Choices Law clerks evaluate the case. The chief justice circulates a list of cases to the other justices. A petition for a writ of certiorari is filed. Justices review the case.
c.
What is the minimum age for serving in the House of Representatives? a. 21 b. 30 c. 25 d. 18
c.
What is the most common professional background among members of Congress? a. medicine b. education c. law d. finance
c.
What is the name of the method used to reapportion seats in Congress after each census? a. the method of fair representation b. the method of equal variance c. the method of equal proportions d. the method of standard allotment
c.
What is the term for the representational dynamic that each member of Congress develops to meet the specific expectations of his or her constituents? a. keepin' it real b. district rapport c. home style d. political kinship
c.
What security recommendation(s) did J. Edgar Hoover make in one of the recorded conversations with Johnson? a. Hoover wanted to "beef up" Secret Service staff. b. Hoover wanted to limit the number of people the president spoke with each week. c. Hoover wanted Johnson to ride only in bulletproof vehicles. d. Hoover wanted to submit all White House staff to a thorough background check.
c.
What two states served as policy "pioneers" experimenting with health care reform initiatives that ultimately became critical parts of the ACA? (See the "State Experiences" section of the document.) a. California and Oregon b. Texas and Wisconsin c. Massachusetts and Utah d. New York and Vermont
c.
When does the vice president vote? a. in the absence of the president b. in the absence of the Speaker c. in the event of a tie in the Senate d. in the event of a tie in the House
c.
When might a conference committee form? a. before a bill is proposed b. during a filibuster c. at the end of the legislative process d. after a natural disaster
c.
When might we expect to see a large number of vetoes? a. when Congress is out of session b. when there is a Democratic Congress and a Democratic President c. when there is a Republican Congress and a Democratic president d. when the U.S. is involved in a war
c.
Where do we find the roots of political parties? a. in 19th-century populist movements b. in Civil War divisions c. in the debate between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists d. in 20th-century gerrymandering
c.
Which of the following BEST describes Johnson's relationship with former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy? a. cold and strained b. polite and reserved c. friendly and supportive d. angry and hostile
c.
Which of the following BEST describes a way in which the phone conversation between Johnson and Russell can be viewed as representative of Johnson's personality? a. the way Johnson points out that he can't arrest Russell and he's not going to turn him over to the FBI b. the way Johnson brings up patriotism at the end of the conversation c. the way Johnson appointed Russell to the Warren Commission without his permission and then bullied him into agreeing d. the way Johnson appears to remember an earlier conversation differently from the way Russell remembers it
c.
Which of the following does gerrymandering try to prevent? a. voting by illegal immigrants b. electoral corruption c. proportional representation in voting districts d. judicial interference in voting
c.
Which of the following is a benefit of purchasing insurance through an online marketplace exchange? Choices The exchanges are the only way to find insurance coverage that complies with the Affordable Care Act. The exchanges offer discounts on insurance coverage that can't be obtained from providers directly. The exchanges will help you determine if you qualify for subsidized health care coverage. The exchanges will allow you to swap out your insurance for a different policy at any point during the year.
c.
Which of the following is a check on the president's power to appoint judges? a. bureaucratic approval b. judicial veto c. Senate confirmation d. budgetary support
c.
Which of the following is a drawback of the "shortest split-line method" of voter redistricting? a. It tends to favor Democrats over Republicans. b. It tends to favor Republicans over Democrats. c. It may still produce results that resemble gerrymandering. d. It helps incumbents protect their seats.
c.
Which of the following is a program administered by the Food and Nutrition Service agency? a. the National Organic Program b. the Food Quality Assurance Program c. the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) d. the Farm Bill Broadband Program
c.
Which of the following is an implied presidential power? a. vetoing legislation b. making policy recommendations c. issuing executive orders d. appointing department heads
c.
Which of the following is one of the advantages of the U.S. legislative system demonstrated in the video? a. The complicated process discourages public participation. b. It's difficult to pass comprehensive reform bills, especially if they need to be passed quickly. c. Controversial issues such as comprehensive immigration reform will be carefully considered and not implemented too quickly. d. The Senate requires more than a simple majority to be able to consider legislation, which makes controversial bills difficult to pass.
c.
Which of the following powers is unique to the House? a. approval of major presidential appointments b. trial of impeachment cases c. origination of revenue bills d. ratification of treaties
c.
Which of the following statements regarding interest groups and lobbyists is MOST accurate? a. Lobbyists consistently buy votes in both the House and the Senate. b. The number of lobbying firms in the Washington area has decreased over the past few years. c. Interest groups supply legislators with position papers and memos. d. Interest groups have little to no influence over members of Congress.
c.
Which of the following was a primary focus of government policies and programs between the 1780s and 1930s? a. federal bureaucratic expansion b. economic stimulus c. commerce between states and with other nations d. social initiatives such as welfare and pension programs
c.
Which of the following would be considered an institutional norm developed in Congress? a. cloture b. regulation c. reciprocity d. success
c.
Which of the following would fall under the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? Choices a lawsuit brought by a citizen of Maine against a citizen of New Hampshire any case involving civil rights a decision made in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit a criminal case against a French ambassador in the United States
c.
Which of the following would generally be considered the PRIMARY personal goal of most members of Congress? a. passing certain legislation b. achieving power and prestige c. winning reelection d. assignment to the position of chair of their desired committee
c.
Which of the following would represent an instance of the president "going public"? a. revealing classified information b. delivering a State of the Union address c. circumventing Congress to petition the people directly d. opening campaign donations to the people
c.
Which piece of Great Society legislation provided federal protection against discrimination in voting, employment, education, and access to public facilities? Choices the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the Anti-Discrimination Act of 1963 the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the Trade Expansion Act of 1962
c.
Who was Larry O'Brien, and why did Johnson want to speak with him? a. O'Brien was one of Johnson's closest friends, and Johnson wanted his support. b. O'Brien was Johnson's Senate mentor, and Johnson wanted him to offer political advice. c. O'Brien was one of President Kennedy's closest aides, and Johnson wanted his loyalty. d. O'Brien was the director of the FBI, and Johnson wanted him to provide some details on the investigation into Kennedy's assassination.
c.
Why did President Johnson secretly record over 9,000 telephone conversations during his presidency? a. He wanted to preserve his activities for posterity. b. He suffered from extreme paranoia that others were conspiring against him. c. He wanted to be able to hold people accountable for the promises they made to him during conversations. d. The recordings are constitutionally required of all sitting presidents.
c.
Why might the Founders have limited the powers of the executive branch? a. They preferred the idea of a direct democracy. b. They intended for the judicial branch to be the most powerful. c. They wanted to avoid the tyrannical power of a king. d. They sought continuity with the executive powers outlined in the Articles of Confederation.
c.
Membership in Congress can be generally described as which of the following? a. "looks like" the U.S. population b. about the same median age as the U.S. population c. comprised of members that have rarely held political office d. mostly "old white guys"
d.
In the traditional legislative process described by Rep. Lofgren, the mark-up or amendment of a bill is done by which group? a. a joint House-Senate committee b. the subcommittee with jurisdiction c. the committee with jurisdiction d. both the committee AND subcommittee with jurisdiction
d.
A desire to reform the federal bureaucracy is often expressed by which of the following? Choices federal bureaucrats residents of Washington, DC members of the military presidential candidates
d.
About how many constituents did each member of the House of Representatives represent in 1790? a. 647,000 b. 340,000 c. 76,000 d. 34,000
d.
According to apportionment data (PDF) provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, what will be the average number of people represented in each congressional district as a result of the 2010 Census? a. 646,942 b. 750,220 c. 642,330 d. 710,767
d.
According to the Conclusion on page 25, how is a policy's internal architecture and external environment related to successful implementation? Choices Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on the federal government being able to cover the costs of insurance exchanges and the Medicaid expansion. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on insurance companies being willing to comply with the new regulations on their industry. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on the president reaching across partisan lines to encourage states to comply. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on many players complying with the law and working together across partisan lines.
d.
According to the text, when did the Supreme Court face particular difficulty in enforcing its rulings? Choices during the Progressive Era during the Great Depression during the women's suffrage movement during the civil rights movement
d.
According to the video, on what issue do Price, Bilbray, and Lofgren ALL agree? a. Almost all members of the Republican Party are opposed to immigration reform. b. Granting amnesty for undocumented workers would be unacceptable to the majority of Americans. c. Undocumented workers need a chance to earn their citizenship even if they entered the country illegally. d. Labor provided by undocumented workers is an integral part of the U.S. economy.
d.
Approximately what percentage of Congress is female? a. 15 percent b. 33 percent c. 51 percent d. 23 percent
d.
At which point in time did the federal bureaucracy first significantly increase in size? Choices the drafting of the Constitution the creation of the Department of War the election of President George Washington the election of President Andrew Jackson
d.
Before the "Court-packing scheme," what was the Court's majority opinion of Roosevelt's New Deal program? Choices that it was justified by the powers granted to the executive in Article II of the U.S. Constitution that it was a necessary action to address the economic crisis that it was a partisan issue that should be settled by the Congress and the president that it was an unconstitutional use of federal power
d.
How did the state of California attempt to overcome the problem of incumbent gerrymandering? a. It allowed all new district lines to be approved or rejected by voters in popular referendums. b. It mandated that the redistricting committee in the state legislature be composed of equal numbers of Democrats and Republicans. c. It appointed the state supreme court to oversee all redistricting. d. It established an independent redistricting commission composed of regular citizens.
d.
How does the example of George W. Bush and the Iraq War illustrate Edwards's point? a. Bush's lack of public support throughout his presidency made him unable to achieve success in Iraq. b. Due to the crisis of 9/11, Bush was able to significantly move public opinion in support of the war effort in Iraq. c. The deference that Bush enjoyed in the aftermath of 9/11 led him to invade Iraq despite public opposition to the war. d. Despite the crisis of 9/11, Bush was not able to convince more Americans to support the war effort in Iraq.According to Edwards, how effective are presidents at moving public opinion?
d.
How has partisanship been closely tied to implementation of the ACA? Choices Republicans overwhelmingly support the ACA. The ACA has a record of almost no Democratic support. Both Democrats and Republicans overwhelmingly support the ACA. The ACA has a record of almost no Republican support.
d.
How often must organic producers be certified? a. every three years b. every three months c. every six months d. every year
d.
If a president wishes to enter into a treaty with another country, what is required before he or she can proceed? a. the approval of three-fourths of the Senate b. the approval of two-thirds of the House c. the approval of three-fourths of the House d. the approval of two-thirds of the Senate
d.
In Edwards's view, which of the following presidents was effective in his dealings with Congress? a. Jimmy Carter b. Dwight D. Eisenhower c. Bill Clinton d. George W. Bush
d.
In entering into conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, President George W. Bush did which of the following? a. concluded an executive agreement b. mobilized troops after Congress had declared war on these nations c. waited until the War Powers Resolution had passed Congress d. acted in his capacity as commander in chief
d.
In which of the following categories is Congress MOST representative of the U.S. population at large? a. age b. gender c. professional background d. religious affiliation
d.
The USDA is considered a clientele agency, meaning that its programs are intended to benefit a certain group while that group also works to support the agency. Which of the following BEST describes the clientele that the Department of Agriculture primarily serves? a. food retailers and restaurants b. rural businesses that employ 50 or fewer people c. low-income women and children d. American agricultural producers and rural farm communities
d.
The decision in Marbury v. Madison did which of the following? Choices ruled in favor of the Jefferson administration granted a writ of mandamus for William Marbury ruled against the Adams administration established the Court's power of judicial review
d.
The deliberate manipulation of district lines for electoral advantage is known as what? a. redistricting b. seat allotment c. reapportionment d. gerrymandering
d.
The fact that Bill Clinton left office with a much higher approval rating than that of George W. Bush can be explained by which of the following factors (among others)? a. Bush's charismatic personality b. the thriving economy at the end of the Bush administration c. Clinton's scandal-free tenure in office d. the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan initiated by the Bush administration
d.
The goals of the Great Society initiative most closely resembled those of which of the following? Choices the suffragettes the Federalists the patronage system the New Deal
d.
The president's power to exonerate a person from the penalties associated with committing a crime but not the crime itself is known as what? a. a pardon b. granting amnesty c. executive forgiveness d. a reprieve
d.
The term "apportionment" refers to the dividing of seats in which legislative body or bodies? a. the state legislatures b. the U.S. Senate c. the U.S. Congress d. the U.S. House of Representatives
d.
Using the 2018 State and Legislative Partisan Composition table (PDF) from the National Conference of State Legislatures, which party controls the New York State Legislature and thus the redistricting process in that state? a. The Republican Party controls both the New York House and the New York Senate. b. Party control is split, with Republicans controlling the New York House. c. Party control is split, with Democrats controlling the New York House. d. The Democratic Party controls both the New York House and the New York Senate.
d.
What action by President Trump was limited by federal courts? a. the Voting Rights Act of 1965 b. the Equal Rights Act c. the War Powers Resolution d. Executive Order 13769
d.
What are the four steps of the National Organic Program's rulemaking process? a. application processing, site inspection, internal review, and final authorization b. observation, hypothesis formulation, testing, and drawing conclusions c. agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, and evaluation d. initial planning, proposed rule, public comments, and final rule
d.
What did the Supreme Court's rulings in Lawrence v. Texas and Obergefell v. Hodges reflect? Choices a refusal of the Court to honor changes in public opinion an evolution of the Court's interpretation of "separate but equal" a willingness for the Court to allow the partisan makeup of Congress to influence its decisions a tendency for the Court's position to follow cultural shifts regarding sexual orientation
d.
What is a primary function of whips within Congress? a. to propose amendments to bills b. to act as majority leaders c. to act as liaisons with the executive branch d. to enforce party discipline
d.
What is one power that Supreme Court justices do not have over their caseload? Choices They cannot rule on cases without legislative approval. They cannot choose which cases they hear. They cannot evaluate the constitutionality of a law in a case. They cannot initiate cases.
d.
What is the primary responsibility of the NOP? a. establishing national farms that produce organic agricultural products b. developing educational outreach programs to encourage consumers to embrace organic foods c. promoting the use of organic practices in the management of public lands d. developing the consistent standards that govern how organic agricultural products can be produced
d.
What was Bill Clinton's approval rating upon leaving office? a. 38 percent b. 22 percent c. 51 percent d. 66 percent
d.
What was one of the purposes of the Meat Inspection Act? Choices to reduce the costs of meat production to increase meat price points to eliminate the spoils system to regulate labor
d.
What was the goal of the War Powers Act of 1973? a. to formally end the war in Vietnam b. to increase public knowledge of wartime developments by granting the media greater access to the Pentagon c. to expand the military authority of the president and relieve Congress of certain military-related responsibilities d. to limit the power of presidents to engage the U.S. military without congressional approval
d.
When, according to George Edwards, is the presidency strong? a. when Congress is held by the same party as the president b. when the economy is thriving c. when the media is supportive of the president's agenda d. when there's a crisis
d.
Which amendment to the Constitution limits the president to two elected terms in office? a. 23rd Amendment b. 25th Amendment c. 21st Amendment d. 22nd Amendment
d.
Which department was most recently added to the president's cabinet? a. the Department of Agriculture b. the Department of Education c. the Department of Housing and Urban Development d. the Department of Homeland Security
d.
Which of the following BEST describes President Johnson's character? a. politically cautious and personally reserved b. exceptionally humble and generally unpersuasive c. exceptionally stoic and generally withdrawn d. politically shrewd and personally assertive
d.
Which of the following actions carry the force of law and allow the president to influence the operations of the bureaucracy? a. budget requests b. bureaucratic rulemaking c. executive appointments d. executive orders
d.
Which of the following can initiate impeachment proceedings? a. the Senate b. the chief justice c. the president d. the House
d.
Which of the following most accurately describes the difference between apportionment and redistricting? Choose the BEST answer. a. Apportionment refers to the process of counting the country's number of citizens; redistricting refers to the process of counting the country's number of congressional districts. b. Apportionment refers to the process of ensuring that political parties have proportional representation; redistricting refers to the process of appealing census counts that may be inaccurate. c. Apportionment refers to the process of nominating Senate candidates from all 50 states; redistricting refers to the process of nominating local citizens to serve in the House of Representatives. d. Apportionment refers to the process of divvying up the 435 seats in the House of Representatives between all 50 states; redistricting refers to the process of creating the geographic areas each House seat will serve.
d.
Which of the following policy priorities was a part of the Progressive movement? Choices suppression of unions preservation of the status quo deregulation of industry conservation of land
d.
Which of the following provides the basis for proportional representation in our national legislature? a. unlimited congressional growth capacity b. congressional legislation c. presidential decree d. the decennial census
d.
Which of the following reflects the most important expansion of the federal bureaucracy since the Great Society era? Choices Medicare expansion increased Department of Defense activity Postal Service reform establishment of the Department of Homeland Security
d.
Which of the following situations represents a check on presidential power? a. the governor of a state deciding to challenge the president for reelection b. the president promoting an aide to become his new chief of staff c. the Supreme Court declining to hear a challenge to an executive order d. the Senate holding a vote on a Supreme Court nomination
d.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Supreme Court's early history? Choices Appointment to the Supreme Court was regarded as highly prestigious. The Supreme Court was composed of nine justices. Alexander Hamilton served as one of the Court's first justices. The Supreme Court met in a variety of places.
d.
Who described the Supreme Court as the weakest branch of government in Federalist 78? Choices James Madison Thomas Jefferson John Adams Alexander Hamilton
d.
The campaign promises of which of the following resulted in a major expansion of the federal bureaucracy? Choices Herbert Hoover Harry Truman Abraham Lincoln Franklin Roosevelt
d/
What does Edwards see as "the essence of presidential leadership"? a. understanding and exploiting existing opportunities for change b. mobilizing the public c. creating opportunities for change d. projecting an aura of strength and independence
not c. (maybe a.)
On which of the following issues would it be safest for the president to act contrary to public opinion? Choose the BEST answer. a. bailing out the financial industry after an economic crisis b. sending American troops into a foreign country c. consolidating two minor federal agencies into one d. sending the National Guard to enforce federal civil rights legislation
not d.
