government ch 8

State parties are involved with which of the following activities?

election of U.S. senators voter registration

The strongest reform party in U.S. history was the

Progressive Party.

Which of the following led to the start of the political party realignment in the 1930s that worked to the benefit of the Democratic Party?

The great depression

Because of the increasing cost of political campaigns,

candidates must constantly work to raise funds.

The highlighting of candidates' attributes is called

packaging

Which are the major political parties in the United States?

Republican party Democratic party

True or false: The Internet has overtaken television as the principal medium of election politics.

false

Today, political candidates tend to

set up and run their own campaign organizations

What is the purpose of a primary election (direct primary)?

to enable voters to select their respective party's candidates for a general election

The most electorally successful factional party in U.S. history was the

Bull Moose Party.

What purpose does party competition serve in American politics?

It narrows down options for voters. It allows groups of voters to act in unison.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?

The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.

The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a

party coalition.

As compared to on television, ______ have greater control over the message on the Internet.

As compared to on television, ______ have greater control over the message on the Internet.

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

Democratic-Republicans Federalists

Which of the following voting blocs was largely notable for its migration to the Republican Party during the 1980s?

Southern whites

Which of the following statements about televised debates in presidential campaigns are true?

They are usually part of presidential campaigns.

In general, political parties are made up of a ______ constituency of supporters.

broad

The most important minor parties in the 20th century have been ______ parties.

factional

A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that

political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence.

Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called ______ voting.

retrospective

When does a national party committee defer to the president to chose a national chair?

when the party controls the White House

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

20 percent

What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?

95 percent

The Civil War triggered a party realignment. What were the two major parties following this realignment period?

Republican party Democratic party

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

They viewed political parties with suspicion.

True or false: Rather than being the result of an abrupt shift in response to a single disruptive issue, realignments are caused by gradual changes in response to several issues.

True

Today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful?

campaign strategists pollsters media producers

Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the

candidate

Even if a third-party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?

drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates

Third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are known as

factional parties.

The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n) ______ gap.

gender

Local party organizations operate

only during campaign periods

Organizations that nominate and seek to elect candidates to government office are known as

political parties.

Voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called ______ voting.

prospective

On a ______, citizens vote for candidates from different parties.

split ticket

Which political party has been known for its advancement of civil rights and expansion of social welfare programs?

the Democratic Party

Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the top-two finishers compete in the general election are called ______ primaries.

top-two

A(n) ______ primary is one in which any registered voter, regardless of party affiliation, may vote.

open

During the 1930s the Democratic Party became the party of federal power rather than the ______ party.

states' rights

In a proportional representation system, which of the following is true?

Political parties win a number of seats in the legislature in rough proportion to the percentage of the vote each party receives.

Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States.have been weakened by ______-centered campaigns.

candidate

Opposition to slavery gave rise to which party?

Republican Party

Who oversees the day-to-day operations of the political party's national organization?

the national chair

Which of the following are roles that national political parties have?

to raise money for presidential campaigns to raise money for congressional campaigns to seek media coverage of party positions and activities

Which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change?

amount of money required length of the campaign focus of the campaign

Which party benefited from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under President Grover Cleveland?

Republican party

Since the Great Depression, which party's agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for the most vulnerable members of society?

Democratic

Since the 1980s, which group has voted most strongly for the Republican Party?

fundamentalist Christians

Which of the following sum up the various functions of political consultants?

gathering voter opinions production of promotional materials advising on how to run a successful campaign

A state that permits all registered voters, regardless of party affiliation, to vote in a primary election has what type of primary system?

open

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of

third parties.

Which type of third party is highly organized around a framework concerning the nature and role of government in society?

ideologically oriented parties

Political parties began to emerge in the United States

in spite of many of the founding fathers' mistrust of them.

Which of the following statements about negative ads and negative campaigning are true?

Abraham Lincoln was the target of insulting comments about his appearance during election campaigns. Negative campaigning in presidential elections was used as long ago as when Thomas Jefferson ran for office.

Which of the following states have closed/partially closed primaries?

North Carolina Florida Nevada

What group was most concerned about what Scammon and Wattenberg called the "social Issue"?

conservative Christians

In Britain's 2017 election, the Liberal Democrats received 7 percent of the national vote and, thereby, roughly 7 percent of the seats in Parliament. This is an example of a _____ system

proportional representation

Since 1968 the Republican Party has been weaker at the national level than it was in the decades after the Great Depression.

False

A ______ political system is made up of at least three political parties.

multiparty

Which of the following contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations?

primary elections

Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as

single-issue parties.

The in-party's chances of staying in power has historically depended primarily on

the condition of the economy.

True or false: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.

False

On a variety of issues, white women hold opinions that are on average ______ than those of white men.

more liberal

In order to raise enough funds for their campaigns, political candidates raise money from all of the following groups except

state governments.

Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?

The same parties are represented nationwide. Candidates organize their own campaigns.

In the era of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property, contributed to an almost ______ increase in election turnout.

fourfold

Current election laws in the United States favor

two-party system

The largest expenditure in presidential campaigns is for which of the following?

media

What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S. national election?

One or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful.

Which theory argues that a party can maximize its vote by placing itself at the location of the middle voter's preference?

median voter theory

Which president was elected under his promise that he would do something about the Great Depression?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The strongest ideological party in U.S. history was the

Populist Party.

The party realignment that began in the 1960s was completed during what presidency?

Reagan's

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

They operate at the local level. They operate at the local level.

Which of the following ranks the amount of media coverage of candidates from highest to lowest?

presidential candidates, Senate candidates, House candidates

The main opposition to the Democratic Party in the 1830s and 1840s was the ______ Party, which eventually died out.

Whig

Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?

a proportional representation system

What is the term Darrell West uses to describes candidates' use of televised ads?

air wars

In order to have the best chance to win in a two-party system, political parties normally

align themselves near the middle of the voting spectrum.

A state that prevents members of one political party from voting for another party's nominees has which type of primary?

closed

To date, the Internet has proven itself to be better than television as a medium for

fundraising. mobilizing supporters.

Although state parties do not work full time, they are ______ likely to have full-time employees than local parties.

more

Which of the following are part of the money chase of politics?

raising funds pursuing wealthy patrons

When a political party makes a(n) ______ for an elected office, it selects a person to run as the party's candidate in the general election for that office.

nomination

Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?

reform parties

The national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic parties are

relatively independent; that is, each level does not have much control over the others.

Many voters cast a ______, where they only vote for candidates of one party.

straight ticket

The U.S. government functions as a(n) ______ system.

two-party

Over ______ percent of presidential campaigns spending is for media.

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