Government Chapter 13

(A)What officers does the President appoint? (B) What is the Senate's role in the appointment process?

(A)the top-ranking officers (B)when the president makes an appointment, the nomination is sent to the senate. there, the support of a majority of the senators present and voting is needed for confirmation.

Clemency

(Mercy or leniency) may be used only in cases involving federal offenses.

Pocket Veto

Can be used only at the end of a congressional session. If Congress adjourns within ten days (not counting Sundays) of sending a bill to the White House and the chief executive does not act on it, the measure dies.

Roles of the President

Chief of state- The President as ceremonial head of the United States Chief executive- The President as the holder of the executive power of the United States Chief administrator- The President as the leader of the executive branch of the federal government Chief diplomat- The President as the main architect of American foreign policy and the nation's chief spokesperson to other countries Commander in chief- The top person in charge of the nation's armed forces Chief legislator- The President as the main author of public policy Chief of party- The President as the leader of his or her political party Chief citizen- The President as the representative of all the people

How have the legislative and judicial branches influenced the growth of the power of the President?

Congress can issue laws that influence power; the Supreme Court can only declare acts of Congress unconstitutional and has no real authority over the presidency.

Recognition

The chief executive, acting for the united states, acknowledges the legal existence of that country as an equal member of the family nations.

How has the Executive Article fueled debate on presidential power?

The executive powers of the president are laid out in this sentence, It gives him the executive powers, which some people think is too much.

Reprieve

The postponement of the execution of a sentence.

Commutation

The power to reduce a fine or length of a sentence imposed by a court.

How can the executive branch influence the meaning of a particular law?

congress sets out the basic policies and standards to be followed. the specific details are usually left to be worked out by the executive branch.

What is the power of recognition and how can the President use it as a diplomatic tool?

president is able to recognize foreign gov

Three major flaws of the electoral college

1. winner of popular vote will not always win the presidency (winner-take-all and distribution of electoral votes among States) 2. electors not required to vote for the candidate favored by the popular vote in their state 3. Presidential election decided in the House if no one received a majority of the votes (270)

Explain how these presidential judicial powers differ: reprieve, pardon, clemency, and commutation, amnesty.

A reprieve is used mostly in cases of execution, whereby the president, (federal cases) or governor (state cases) put the execution order on hold to give the prisoner time to make the case. This also called stay of execution is sometimes granted to look at new evidence in the case. Now, also the Supreme court can issue the order. A pardon is excusing the convicted person for having committed the crime. A commutation is ending a persons sentence with time served. Amnesty is granting someone entrance into your country for political or humanitarian reasons. They receive pathway to citizenship. For example the Cuban refugees receive automatic amnesty.

Executive Article

Article 2 of the constitution which in only a few words established the presidency.

Executive Order

Directives, rules, or regulations that have the effect of law.

Executive

Having the power to put plans, or laws into effect

Amnesty

In effect, a blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators.

Pardon

Legal forgiveness of a crime.

Describe the treaty-making process.

The president, usually acting as secretary of states, negotiates these international agreements. The Senate must give its approval, by a 2/3 vote of the members present, before a treaty made by the president can become effective. The president ratifies the treaty by exchange of formal notifications.

Imperial Presidency

The term paints a picture of the chief executive as a strong-willed emperor, taking various actions without consulting Congress or seeking its approval-sometimes acting in secrecy to evade or even deceive Congress.

Line-Item veto

They have sought the power to cancel out some provisions in a measure while approving others.

Persona non grata

Unwelcome Person

Treaty

a formal agreement between two or more sovereign states.

Qualifications of the President

a natural born citizen, the age of thirty-five years, and fourteen years a resident within the United States.

Executive Agreement

a pact between the President and the head of a foreign state, or their subordinates.

Privilege

a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group of people.

Ordinance Power

arises from two sources: the constitution and acts of progress.