government exam 2
Which of the following is true of the relationship between public opinion and shifts in major government policies?
On highly salient and emotional issues in particular, public opinion tends to affect policy to a greater degree than policymakers' agendas affect public opinion.
The right to an attorney is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.
Sixth
How did the Supreme Court's position on the rights of the criminally accused in state courts change in the 1960s?
The Supreme Court began to protect the rights of the accused from action by the states.
Which of the following is true about the Sedition Act of 1798?
The act prohibited malicious newspaper stories about the president.
Which of the following actions by a member of Congress would likely lead Edmund Burke to classify that member as a "trustee"?
The member votes against a resolution declaring war, believing it unwise, despite her constituents having a majority opinion in favor of the war.
Which of the following is true of letter writers and demonstrators?
Their opinions tend to be more extreme than those of the population as whole.
According to Freedom House, which of the following countries has the highest degree of freedom?
United States
The accuracy of a poll is usually expressed in terms of
sampling error.
The inclusion of certain provisions of the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment, so that these rights are protected from infringement by the state governments, is called
selective incorporation.
In general, public opinion
sets limits on government action.
What was the primary cause for an increase in the public's support for a military invasion of Iraq during the six-month period leading to the start of the war?
the Bush administration's efforts to press the case for war
The freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and religion are found in
the First Amendment.
The society of Northern Ireland is presented by the text as a demonstration of what difference with U.S. society?
the lack of crosscutting between groups
To accurately poll the citizens of the United States as opposed to the citizens of a single state,
the sample requirements will be nearly the same.
The key factors in determining the accuracy of an opinion poll are
the size of the sample and whether the sample was selected from the population by a random method.
Women are less likely than men to favor
the use of force to settle international disputes.
Regarding same-sex marriage, it is true that
younger people are more likely to approve of it than older people are.
Which of the following statements is true?
George W. Bush attempted to privatize aspects of Social Security, only to back down in the face of determined resistance.
Why are Black Americans dying from COVID-19 at twice the rate of white Americans?
Black Americans have a higher incidence of poverty-related comorbidity factors.
________ were more than twice as likely to die from COVID-19, in 2020, than ________.
Black Americans; white Americans.
The most embarrassing Gallup poll failure in predicting a presidential election was
1948 Truman-Dewey.
A properly drawn sample of one thousand individuals has a sampling error of roughly plus or minus
3 percent.
Which constitutional amendment protects the individual against self-incrimination?
Fifth
Which of the following amendments contains a due process clause?
Fourteenth
Gideon v. Wainwright is to the Sixth Amendment as Mapp v. Ohio is to the
Fourth Amendment.
Asian Americans account for about ________ of professionals and technicians in the United States.
5 percent
Which of the following is true about public opinion polling?
A) Opinion polls are the most relied-upon method of measuring public opinion.B) Polls can be erroneous at times.C) Sampling error decreases as the size of the sample increases. D) Polling accuracy diminishes when respondents are unfamiliar with the issues in question.
Sources of polling error can include
A) use of random telephone polling.B) unrepresentative samples.C) respondents' lack of knowledge or interest in the issue.D) question wording.
All of the following statements about Asian American rights are true EXCEPT that
Asian Americans have the second highest median family income of any group.
Which of the following is true of discrimination against the disabled in the United States?
Before 1975, four million children with disabilities were getting either no education or an inappropriate one.
How did the United States Supreme Court respond to the Trump administration's cancellation of the DACA program?
It overruled the administration on the grounds that it had not provided an adequate justification for its policy.
Which of the following statements is true of age discrimination in the United States?
Mandatory retirement ages for most jobs have been eliminated by law.
In 2004, ________ instituted same-sex marriage.
Massachusetts
Which member of the United States Supreme Court wrote in a 2020 ruling on workplace discrimination against members of the LGBTQ community, that "an individual's homosexuality or transgender status is not relevant to employment decisions."
Neil Gorsuch
In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that state bans on same-sex marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment in which case?
Obergefell v. Hodges
________ once said that he spent nearly all his adult life in government and yet had never seen a government.
Woodrow Wilson
A member of Congress who wants to act on what the majority of his or her constituency thinks on a particular issue would be advised to respond to which of the following indicators?
a poll based on a random selection sample of constituents
The individual freedoms in the Bill of Rights were extended by the Fourteenth Amendment to include protection from deprivation of due process rights by
actions of state and local governments.
If a person yells "Fire!" in a crowded theater when there is no fire, and people are hurt in the ensuing panic, that individual has abused their freedom of speech, according to the doctrine of
clear and present danger.
In Mapp v. Ohio, the selective incorporation process was extended to include
criminal proceedings in the states.
Journalist Walter Lippmann suggested that
effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results.
On highly salient and emotional issues in particular, public opinion tends to affect policy to a greater degree than policymakers' agendas affect public opinion.
freedom of bearing arms
The individual right that is the most basic of democratic rights is
freedom of expression.
The accuracy of polling is diminished when respondents
give what they regard as the socially correct response to certain questions even though they think differently.
Public support for same-sex marriage has
increased significantly since the 1990s.
Until 2020, job discrimination against LGBTQ workers was
legal in many states.
What term do scholars use for a purported opinion offered by a respondent who is unfamiliar with the specific issue?
nonopinion
Like all other rights, the right of free expression is
not absolute.
In which of the following measures are Asian Americans underrepresented compared to whites and even other minorities like Hispanics and Black Americans?
political representation
According to Gunnar Myrdal, what is America's curse?
racial discrimination