government, Final 1-4 final
In the writing of the Constitution, which concept was adopted from John Locke?
individual liberty and property
A libertarian is likely to believe
All these choices are true
when the authors say that we live i an era of " globalization" they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly
interdependent.
Numerous recent preemptions have focused on
homeland security
The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.
intergovernmental system
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court argued that "the power to tax...
involves the power to destroy."
parcipatory democracy today
is rare in the US and in other democracies.
_________ is the primary form of checks and balances used by the Supreme Court.
judicial review
The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was
judicial review.
Who said that the ultimate principle of the states should be " from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"
karl marx
which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism
karl marx
the national gov. under the US constitution
lacks general police power.
Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?
layer cake
as derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds the government should
leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits
The broad basic definition of government
legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior
An American who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office wants more restrictions on business owners' hiring decisions, is likely to be a
liberal
A(n) _____is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice.
libertarian
According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is
libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom
A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)
mandate
Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?
marble cake
In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are
mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.
When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of
national government.
An estimated _________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.
one in five
An autocracy is a political system ruled by
one individual
Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?
one person, one vote
In general, libertarianism is characterized by
opposes all gov. action except that which protects life and property
In general, libertarianism
opposes all gov. action except that which protects life and property.
According to Thomas Hobbes, Author of leviathan, the proper objective of government is to ensure
order
According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of gov. is to ensure
order
using a two-dimensional model of political ideology, conservatives are more likely to support
order over freedom and freedom over equality
New England town meetings are an example of
participatory democracy
According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is
plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.
Globalization can be seen as a threat to
National sovereignty
Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?
The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined.
Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?
The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.
the procedural view of democracy is most concerned with
how gov. decisions are made.
National sovereignty is defined as
a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.
Critics charged that Lyndon Johnson's "war on poverty" had failed because
about 15 percent of families were still living in poverty.
`one example of gov. focus on equality of outcome is
affirmative action programs
Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as
aliens
liberals are more likely to favor generous gov. support for
all choices are true
According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it
allowed inequality and supported racism.
REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of
an unfunded mandate.
a form of gov. that puts power in the hands of an elite is an
autocracy
The power of the president to veto laws is an example of
checks & balances
Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of
checks & balances
What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government?
checks & balances
documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the NSA had
collected data on domestic phone conversations or ordinary Americans
The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.
commerce clause
The greek word demos, which is the root of the term democracy means,
common people
according to the text, only libertarians and ___ are consistent in their attitude toward the scope of gov. activity.
communitarians
Americans are likely to think of freedom and equality as
complementary
The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states.
create a postal system
Conservatives are often associated with ___________, while liberals are often associated with
dual federalism; cooperative federalism.
A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause.
elatic/ubrella
when one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called
equality of opportunity
The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of
equality of opportunity.
When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called
equality of opportunity.
if universities increase funding for women's sports so that they recieve comparable funding to men's that is an example of
equality of outcome
the notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of
equality of outcome
A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to
establish a national bank
social order is usually defined as
established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior
Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?
All previously unelected officials, such as those in programs that deal with transportation and social services, are now elected.
A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a
governor
Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally
increased national power
Judicial review gives __________.
the Supreme Court the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
Anarchists have gained some visibility in recent years as a result of protests related to the UN
the World Trade Organization
the national gov. can act on individuals if
the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.
The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is
the authoritative allocation of values for a society.
Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that
the national government it created was too strong.
the ancient greeks classified govs. as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on
the number of citizens involved in governing.
an underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because
these two values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously
Which of the following is a reason for the separation of powers?
to prevent tyranny by any one branch
Anarchism is the political opposite of
totalitarianism
John Locke's views on gov. are expressed in
two treatises on Government
compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to
value freedom of speech more than order.
an example of a gov. policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income
vermont's civil unions
Alexander Hamilton argued that the judicial branch was the __________ branch of national government.
weakest
Desire to avoid potential foreign prosecution of its soldiers and desire to continue practicing the death penalty led the US in 2002 to
withdraw from 1998 treaty creating an International Criminal Court
States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its activities to
making laws in areas not specifically granted in the constitution to the states.
The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.
regulatory
The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored by large states was
the Virginia Plan.
Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by
the supreme court.
whereas majority rule is defined as a decision making by 50% plus one person, ___ is defined as decision making by most participants.
plurality rule
a country abiding by the principle "one man, one vote" is practicing
political equality
each citizen having one vote demonstrates
political equality
the idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote known as
political equality
a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is
political ideology
the greek word kratos means
power
according to the text, the concept of order encompasses
preserving life, protecting property and maintaining patterns of social relationships
the value of using political concepts in understanding gov. is that they
provide a broader view than looking at specific events.
The value of using political concepts in understanding government is that they
provide for a broader view than looking at specific events
The __________ of powers is a key feature of the government established by the Constitution.
separation
In James Madison's words, "to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other," best describes the concept of
separation of powers
The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as
separation of powers
___________________ is the assignment of the lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions of government to independent legislative, executive, and judicial branches, respectively.
separation of powers
Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that
socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.
a person who favors gov. ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled as
socialist
___value both equality and order more than freedom, and its members support both affirmative action and laws that restrict pornography
socialists
Hobbes's state of nature refers to
society without government.
the state of nature refers to
society without government.
A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)
special district
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.
cooporative
The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote
cooporative federalism
In his 2014 State of the Union address, Obama proposed that the min. wage be raised to
$10.10
Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.
90,000
The _________ was a governing document that failed because it did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money, it did not include an independent leader to direct the government, and it did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.
Articles of Confederation
Although globalization can threaten national security, this can create desirable outcomes, as shown by the international community's attempt to force Bashar al-Assad to surrender Syria's
Chemical weapons
the concept of democracy was initially defined centuries ago in ancient
Greece
Why was the Marbury v. Madison decision important?
It let the Supreme Court overturn acts of Congress.
Which philospopher inspired the phrase " life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the DOI
John Locke
The concept of separation of power was most aptly described in
Montesquieu's Spirit of the Law
Gov. enterprises commonly engaged in by the U.S. gov. include`
None of these choices is a common enterprises.
two nations with deep ties of communism
Russia and China
Democratic govs. that have in the decades since world war 2 been, at times, avowedly socialist include
Sweden and Germany
the gov.'s role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the US ever since
The Great Depression
The broad, basic definition of politics given in text
The authoritative allocation of values for a society.
Which philosopher expressed the sentiment that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short"?
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes's ideal government was
a single ruler with unquestioned authority.
Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.
categorical
Consider the following information: the president can veto the acts of Congress while the legislative branch holds the purse strings and approves presidential nominees. Judicial review is not specifically described in the original Constitution, but the Supreme Court soon asserted its power to overturn the laws of Congress and the states, as well as presidential actions, that the Court determined to be in conflict with the Constitution. This is an apt description of
checks and balances
Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to
choose freedom over equality.
Agreement with a judgment for different reasons from those set forth in the majority opinion is known as
concurrence.
a politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a
demagogue
members of which of the following groups would most likely t support immigration reform that includes a path to citizenship
democrats
A decision disagreeing with the majority opinion's argument is known as a
dissent.
according to the text, politticians openly call for more order____
during times of social strife
Capitalism is best described as an
economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a min. of gov. interference.
Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently
favored states' rights
The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to
federal gov; states
Conservatives strongly favor
firm police action and swift punishment for criminals, traditional patterns of social relations and less go. regulation of business.
To enter the federal court system, litigants in state cases must
first have had their case decided by the highest court in the state.
during the 1990s, congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between
freedom and equality
communist regimes that gave their police great powers to arrest and imprison suspicious people raised a conflict between
freedom and order
using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on
fundamental democratic ideals
most gov. at least claim to ____ while they maintain order
preserve individual freedom
A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.
implied
The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.
implied
services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by voluntary acts of individuals are known as
public goods
Services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by the voluntary acts of individuals are known as
public goods.
The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as
redistricting.
State judges are obligated to follow the U.S. Constitution whenever state law conflicts with it under the Constitution's
supremacy clause.
Although the branches of government are separate, the American people believe which branch of government is the most trustworthy?
supreme court/judicial branch
In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using
the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.
Since 1964, government policies intended to help families most clearly benefited
the wealthy
The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that
there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.
