Government Unit 1 Lesson 3 Part 1

Choose the statement that is NOT true.

Engels edited Marx's The Condition of the Working Class in England.

The Communist Manifesto encouraged the working classes by stating that

a classless society would come after a brief proletariat dictatorship taxes on the poor would be abolished. private education would be abolished.

.....was born in Greece in 384 B.C.

Aristotle

ARISTOTLE, AQUINAS, ENGELS

Aristotle is considered to have been one of the greatest and most influential thinkers of all Greek philosophers. His teachings had a powerful effect on the Western culture for ages to come. Born in Greece in 384 B.C., Aristotle was considered brilliant from childhood. He attended the philosophical school of Plato, and, at one point in his life, he supervised the early education of Alexander the Great. His political works include Nichomachean Ethics and Politics, in which he proposed that citizens should be given the right to happiness and to pursue their dreams and goals. He believed that, when people are given the liberty to pursue their purpose in life, they will achieve great happiness and fulfillment. Aristotle called this fulfillment "finding one's function," or what one can do best. For example, a kite's function is to fly, and a bow's function is to shoot arrows. Aristotle argued that, if people were given a reasonable chance to follow and achieve their function, they would be truly happy. Thomas Aquinas was born in Italy around 1225 and is considered to be one of the greatest European medieval philosophers. After attending the University of Naples and entering the priesthood, he studied philosophy and theology and began writing. Although Aquinas is best known for two of his theological writings, he also wrote about the nature and role of government, especially in On Kingship. Aquinas' writings on government boldly stated the government's responsibility to its citizens. He wrote that it was the requirement of the government to serve people and help them to live rightly. He thought this was more than just a good idea; the governments had a moral responsibility to be obedient to divine laws. Aquinas believed that no law could justifiably contradict God's teaching on virtue. Aquinas felt strongly about human rights such as life, education, and freedom of religion. Friedrich Engels was a radical thinker and is best known for his contributions to the Marxist theories of government. Engels was born in Prussia in 1820 to a fairly well-to-do family, but established himself as a revolutionary. He was so involved in revolutionary work that he was forced to flee Prussia in 1844. His writings include The Condition of the Working Class in England, but it was his collaboration with Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto which gave him fame. Engels also helped edit Marx's Das Kapital. Engels' writings told of the need for the common worker to arise and resist the powers of leadership, especially of the business owners. Engels promoted the idea that the working class should revolt, if necessary, to get the rights and benefits he thought they deserved. His writings were revered by many revolutionaries in countries where oppression was evident. Ironically, his writings inspired some of the most oppressive governments within the last century, including the former Soviet Union.

Which of the following are accomplishments of Aristotle?

Assisting in the early education of Alexander the Great Writing Nichomachean Ethics

COMMUNIST MANIFESTO

In 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto. Marxism's basic theme is that the proletariat (the working class) will rise up against the bourgeoisie (the upper class that owned businesses) and overthrow capitalism. After a brief period of rule by the dictatorship of the proletariat a classless society of communism would emerge. In his Manifesto, Marx described the following 10 steps as necessary steps to be taken to destroy a free-enterprise society: Abolition of private land property; application of all rents of land for the public purposes, not private A heavy progressive or graduated income tax Abolition of all rights of inheritance Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank Centralization of the means of communication and transportation by the government Farms and factories are owned by the state Government control of labor Corporate farming and regional planning of farming systems Government control of education; no more private education

Which work was attributed to Thomas Aquinas?

On Kingship

ethics

a system of moral values and good conduct

medieval

at the time of the Middle Ages Europe (about A.D. 500-1500)

Das Kapital

book written by Karl Marx promoting the working class uprising; a text for Marxism and communism

uman thought and lifestyle within a certain time period or place is known as a.....

culture

Aristotle's theory of a person's "function" said that

great personal fulfillment is achieved when a person is given the freedom to pursue that person's dreams.

culture

human thought and lifestyle within a certain time period or place

divine laws

instructions and guidelines for life, believed to have been delivered by God

revolutionary

one who tries to create radical change in government and existing political, social, or business structures

The strange thing about Engels' writings is that, although they spoke of the uprising of the common worker, his writings were used by some of the most ..... governments of the last century.

oppressive

Friedrich Engels, though from a well-to-do family, established himself as a

revolutionary

collaboration

the process of working in a unified intellectual effort on a joint project

theology

the study of religion