Government-unit 2

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Twenty-second Amendment?

A sitting president runs for a third term in office after overwhelming support from the American public

Which of the following is an intended consequence of ideological divisions within Congress?

Compromise between the two parties on congressional legislation

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the enumerated and implied powers of Congress?

Coining money-Maintaining a national bank

In which of the following scenarios is the president most likely to use an executive order to make important policy?

Congress cannot reach a compromise

What role do coalitions play in the policymaking process?

Politicians create coalitions to enact policy that has broad support from the public

After a hard-fought election, President Greene appoints a major campaign donor as ambassador to Greece. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

Patronage

The president's cabinet includes the vice president and 15 government leaders. What sort of governmental bodies do these 15 people oversee?

executive departments

residency requirement for the house of representatives

live in the district

residency requirement for the senate

live in the state

What is a presidential power that requires approval from the Senate?

making treaties with foreign nations

implied powers

powers that congress has that are not stated explicitly in the constitution

Precedents are best defined as which of the following?

A legal decision that establishes a rule for similar cases going forward

executive order

A presidential order to the executive branch that carries the force of law. The Supreme Court can rule executive orders unconstitutional.

Which of the following scenarios would be considered a constitutional use of executive power?

The president confers diplomatic recognition on the new nation of South Sudan

The Supreme Court has the power to decide if the other branches of government are following the Constitution. What's the name for this power?

judicial review

What formal power allows the president to reject legislation that they do not approve of?

vetoing bills

delegate model of representation

when the representative votes on what their constituents want

Members of the President

1

members of the senate

100

residency requirement for the president

14 years

Term of House of Representatives

2 years

Age of a member of the house of representatives

25

age of a member of the senate

30

Age the president has to be

35

Term of the president

4 years

members of the house of representatives

435

term of the senate

6 years

citizenship requirement for the house of representatives

7 years

members of SCOTUS

9

citizenship requirement for the senate

9 years

Cloture

A Senate motion to end a filibuster that requires a three-fifths vote

What does the necessary and proper clause establish?

Congress has implied powers

In which essay did Alexander Hamilton argue in favor of judicial review?

Federalist No. 78

jurisdiction

The extent of the power a court has to make legal judgments and decisions.

Constituents

Voters in a legislative district

politco model of representation

representatives who are both delegates and trustees

"And the closer the 2006 midterm elections got, the more nervous congressional Republicans could be expected to get. Republican leaders in the House of Representatives sought to have the Senate move first, not wanting to have their members go out on a limb with a series of potentially costly party-line roll call votes that would have no policy payoff if Republicans in the Senate decided not to move a bill because they did not have the votes needed to pass it." ~`Martin A. Levin, et. al, Building Coalitions, Making Policy: The Politics of the Clinton, Bush & Obama Presidencies, 2012 How might term-length differences have contributed to the lack of support from House Republicans?

Because members of the House have two-year terms, they are unlikely to support a piece of legislation that may upset their constituents

How do the different chamber sizes in the House of Representatives and the Senate influence the formality of debate in each chamber?

Because there are more members in the House of Representatives, there is a more formal process for debate

Which of the following statements explains why Congress gives the federal bureaucracy discretionary authority to implement public policy?

Bureaucrats are experts and can make the best choices on how to implement policy.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases? Marbury v. Madison (1803) Shaw v. Reno (1993)

Decided that the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional- Decided that redistricting plans based on race must be held to a high standard of scrutiny

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Senate and House of Representatives?

Designed to represent the population- Designed to represent states equally

"Senators have increasingly used holds, their ability to block consideration of a nominee indefinitely, as a broader partisan weapon to keep presidents from filling key positions, including many qualified and usually noncontroversial nominees . . . . The confirmation rate of presidential circuit court appointments has plummeted from above 90 percent in the late 1970s and early 1980s to around 50 percent in recent years." ~Thomas E. Mann and Norman J. Ornstein, It's Even Worse than it Looks, 2012 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the authors most likely agree with?

Divided government has led to an increase in congressional refusal to confirm appointments of presidents of the opposite party

"Even as they welcome the opportunities opened up by having an ally in the White House, some worry that the continued emphasis on executive actions is just another step in the dilution of legislative power. "'We need to go back to being the legislative branch,' said Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, a Florida Republican opposed to a potential executive order by Mr. Trump that would end a special program allowing younger illegal immigrants to remain in the United States. 'We didn't like this when Obama was doing it, so why should we accept it now?'" -Carl Hulse, "Trump Follows Obama's Lead in Flexing Executive Muscle," The New York Times, January 26, 2017 Based on the text, which of the following statements would Representative Ros-Lehtinen most likely agree with?

Executive orders can create conflict with Congress as they do not require congressional input or approval

Which of the following is a consequence of the merit system in the bureaucracy?

Greater professionalism in the bureaucracy

Which of the following statements best explains an advantage the majority party in the House of Representatives has in lawmaking?

It can assign bills to committees

Which statement accurately summarizes the impact of the Shaw v. Reno (1993) decision?

It created a strict standard of scrutiny when creating new legislative districts, ruling that race cannot be the predominant factor

Which of the following statements best explains the impact the necessary and proper clause has had on congressional power?

It has broadened the power of Congress to enact legislation addressing a wide range of economic, environmental, and social issues

Which of the following statements best explains how stare decisis influences Supreme Court justices?

It makes justices more likely to defer to previous Supreme Court decisions

Main idea of Marbury v. Madison

Judicial Review

"The defeat of Robert Bork's 1987 Supreme Court nomination was a watershed event that unleashed what Stephen Carter has called 'the confirmation mess.' There was no question that Bork was a highly qualified nominee. He was rejected not because of any lack of qualification, or any impropriety, but because of his stated judicial philosophy: how he would vote as a judge." -John Maltese, "Anatomy of a Confirmation Mess: Recent Trends in the Federal Judicial Selection Process," 2004 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Judicial nominations can be contentious because of the lasting influence the people in those positions have after a president's term

stare decisis

Let the decision stand; decisions are based on precedents from previous cases

Senator Jon Snow has proposed a bill to increase funds to the military to fight the White Walkers threatening to invade the North. He hasn't received enough support to get the bill to pass, so he reaches out to Senator Daenerys Targaryen for her support. She agrees to support his bill as long as Senator Snow supports her legislation that allows public schools to teach High Valyrian as an elective language. This is an example of which of the following?

Logrolling

FIn Gonzalez v. Raich (2005), the Supreme Court ruled that the commerce clause gave Congress the authority to ban the use of marijuana, despite conflicting state law. In the Court's majority opinion, Associate Justice John Paul Stevens argued that local use of marijuana affected the supply and demand of the national marijuana market. Which prior Supreme Court case could be cited as a precedent for the majority decision in Gonzalez v. Raich (2005)?

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

President Bellingham's administration wants to limit the development of chemical weapons in key nations in the Middle East, but Congress is unlikely to back a formal treaty. Which of the following is an action the president may take to accomplish their policy agenda?

Negotiate an executive agreement with the heads of the Middle Eastern governments

Does Congress set both the discretionary funding budget and the mandatory spending budget?

No, Congress only has power over the discretionary budget.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the president's formal and informal powers?

Nominating federal judges- Issuing executive orders

"That unity is conducive to energy will not be disputed. Decision, activity, secrecy, and despatch will generally characterize the proceedings of one man in a much more eminent degree than the proceedings of any greater number; and in proportion as the number is increased, these qualities will be diminished . . ." -Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 70, "The Executive Department Further Considered," 1788 Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton's argument?

One person should run the executive branch because they will be able to act swiftly, decisively, and discreetly, which is necessary for the presidency

Chris Wallace: "Mr. Trump, you're pro-life. But I want to ask you specifically: Do you want the court, including the justices that you will name, to overturn Roe v. Wade, which includes -- in fact, states -- a woman's right to abortion?" Donald Trump: "Well, if that would happen, because I am pro-life, and I will be appointing pro-life judges, I would think that that will go back to the individual states. Trump: "Well, if we put another two or perhaps three justices on, that's really what's going to be -- that will happen. And that'll happen automatically, in my opinion, because I am putting pro-life justices on the court. I will say this: It will go back to the states, and the states will then make a determination." -Presidential candidate Donald Trump, Final Presidential Debate, 2016 Based on his statement in the passage, which of the following policy goals does Trump want to promote through ideological appointments to the Supreme Court?

Reversing the precedent that the right of privacy extends to a woman's decision to have an abortion

"The defeat of Robert Bork's 1987 Supreme Court nomination was a watershed event that unleashed what Stephen Carter has called 'the confirmation mess.' There was no question that Bork was a highly qualified nominee. He was rejected not because of any lack of qualification, or any impropriety, but because of his stated judicial philosophy: how he would vote as a judge." -John Maltese, "Anatomy of a Confirmation Mess: Recent Trends in the Federal Judicial Selection Process," 2004 Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument?

Robert Bork failed confirmation as a Supreme Court justice because some Senators were concerned about the impact he would have on the Court

In 1981, a president went on television and made a direct plea to the American people. He asked them to call their representatives and ask them to support his tax plan.

Ronald Reagan

Which of the following describes the role of the House Rules Committee?

Schedules and manages the flow of legislation on the floor

two differences between House and Senate rules that may make it likely that legislation may pass through one chamber of congress but not the other

Senate may filibuster a bill and the house cannot, but the house has the rules committee that determines whether or not a bill can be amended, how much time it can be debated, and other rules permitting the bill. Senate- filibuster House- Rules Committee

"The president may be convinced that a piece of legislation is unwise. But his judgment as to its un-wisdom is not a legal reason for his declining to execute it. (It may be a reason to veto it, and one of the objections to signing statements is that they are vetoes not subject to override.) And the president may have a definite view as to what the legislation means, and that view might include conclusions as to its constitutionality, but his is not the view that counts. He may be the commander in chief, but he is not the interpreter in chief." -Stanley Fish, "Who's Afraid of Presidential Signing Statements?" Source: New York Times Which of the following statements best summarizes Fish's argument?

Signing statements go beyond the president's expressed constitutional powers

enumerated powers

The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.

"Amid this much-changed communication landscape, the lingering question of whether the untapped wisdom of the public should be harnessed in governmental decisions suddenly commanded a fresh look, as social media increased the capability of governments worldwide to more fully involve ordinary citizens in policymaking." -M. Barris, A. Jain, and J. Katz, The Social Media President: Barack Obama and the Politics of Political Engagement, 2013 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the authors most likely agree with?

Social media has changed the president's relationship with the national constituency by involving more citizens in policymaking decisions

Which of the following is likely to occur immediately as a result of new legislation regarding transition programs for veterans of the Afghanistan War?

The Department of Veterans Affairs will use its authority to decide how to implement the law effectively.

"There is no position which depends on clearer principles, than that every act of a delegated authority, contrary to the tenor of the commission under which it is exercised, is void. No legislative act, therefore, contrary to the Constitution, can be valid." -Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78, "The Judiciary Department," 1788 Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton's argument?

The Supreme Court should have the power of judicial review

"In addition to educating the country, [President Barack Obama's] goal is to frame the political debate and set an agenda that the next Democratic presidential nominee can run on next year—an agenda that Obama hopes will put opposition Republicans at a big disadvantage. Obama has been getting lots of attention for bypassing the Republican-controlled Congress and using his unilateral powers, such as executive orders, to get his way. But his power to persuade is another vital weapon in the president's arsenal, since he can command media and public attention almost whenever he wants." -Kenneth T. Walsh, U.S. News & World Report, 2015 The strategy described in the passage above is an example of which of the following?

The bully pulpit

D15 percent of Congress member Seaborn's constituents have reached out to him urging him to support a new bill expanding Medicaid coverage to people who make $20,000 a year. Even though he disagrees with this position on the bill, he does as his constituents wish. He tries to follow his constituents' wishes on every bill, regardless of how many calls he gets. Which model of representation do his actions embody?

The delegate model

"Energy in the Executive is a leading character in the definition of good government. It is essential to the protection of the community against foreign attacks; it is not less essential to the steady administration of the laws; to the protection of property against those irregular and high-handed combinations which sometimes interrupt the ordinary course of justice; to the security of liberty against the enterprises and assaults of ambition, of faction, and of anarchy . . ." -Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 70, "The Executive Department Further Considered," 1788 Which of the following is a consequence of the ideas set forth by the author of this passage?

The establishment of the president as Commander in Chief of the military

"The complete independence of the courts of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited Constitution. By a limited Constitution, I understand one which contains certain specified exceptions to the legislative authority . . . Limitations of this kind can be preserved in practice no other way than through the medium of courts of justice, whose duty it must be to declare all acts contrary to the manifest tenor of the Constitution void. Without this, all the reservations of particular rights or privileges would amount to nothing." -Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78, "The Judiciary Department," 1788 Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton's argument?

The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and judging whether the laws passed by Congress are constitutional

What is an advantage that the majority party has in the Senate?

The majority leadership can table a bill in committee.

Senator Leslie Knope plans to vote in favor of two major bills. The first bill is about buying some land in Indiana and turning it into a national park. The second bill will ban any fast food restaurant from serving a 128-ounce soft drink. 21,000 constituents have called her asking her to vote against the second bill, but no constituents have called her about the national park bill. Senator Knope decides to vote in favor of the first bill, but listens to her constituents and votes against the second bill. Which model of representation do her actions embody?

The politico model

judicial review

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional

"In addition to educating the country, [President Barack Obama's] goal is to frame the political debate and set an agenda that the next Democratic presidential nominee can run on next year—an agenda that Obama hopes will put opposition Republicans at a big disadvantage. Obama has been getting lots of attention for bypassing the Republican-controlled Congress and using his unilateral powers, such as executive orders, to get his way. But his power to persuade is another vital weapon in the president's arsenal, since he can command media and public attention almost whenever he wants." -Kenneth T. Walsh, U.S. News & World Report, 2015 Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument?

The president's ability to command media attention gives him an advantage in shaping the national policy agenda

"The mystique of inside information—"if you only knew what we know"—was a most effective way to defend the national-security monopoly and prevent democratic control of foreign policy . . . The power to leak meant the power to tell the people what it served the government's purpose that they should know . . . The power to withhold and the power to leak led on inexorably to the power to lie. The secrecy system instilled in the executive branch the idea that foreign policy was no one's business save its own, and the uncontrolled secrecy made it easy for lying to become routine." -Arthur Schlesinger, The Imperial Presidency, 1973 Which of the following scenarios provides the best justification for an expansive interpretation of presidential power?

The rapid response necessary after a threat of nuclear war

Senator Ramirez listens to her constituents' wishes on every piece of legislation, but always votes her conscience, even if it goes against her constituents' wishes on pieces of legislation they care about. Which model of representation do her actions embody?

The trustee model

pork-barrel legislation

The use of federal funding to finance localized projects, typically bringing money into a representative's district in order to please constituents and boost the representative's chances of winning reelection.

Appointments to the White House staff are often uncontested for which of the following reasons?

These appointments do not require Senate confirmation

gridlock

When the government is unable to reach compromises or make policy decisions

In which of the following scenarios is the president most likely to use the veto to limit the power of Congress?

When the opposing party holds a majority in Congress

Congress passes a law reducing the amount of violence that children can be exposed to on television. Which of the following actions can the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) take to implement this measure?

Write guidelines about how much violence can be depicted during times children are likely to be watching TV

Cabinet

a group of presidential advisers, including the heads of the executive departments, the attorney general, and other officials chosen by the president

Every year, the Seafair Air Show performance takes place in Lake Washington in Seattle, Washington. To protect guests who are attending the festival, Congress passed a law designating the area a safety zone. In response, the Department of Homeland Security created a regulation requiring the Coast Guard to enforce the boundaries of the safety zone from 8 am to 4 pm. The action taken by the Department of Homeland Security is an example of which of the following?

a guideline issued by government agencies, which provide specific details about how to implement policies

Bully Pulpit

a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue

In 1975, Congress passed the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, which gave the Department of Transportation the power to regulate the transport of potentially hazardous materials, like radioactive waste. In response, the Department of Transportation set regulations, such as requiring additional labels on shipment trucks that warn other vehicles that there is hazardous material in the truck. The action taken by the Department of Transportation is an example of which of the following?

a rule issued by an executive agency that lists specific regulations about how to implement a policy

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of iron triangles and issue networks?

alliance made up of the bureaucracy, interest groups, and Congress- large, complex, and fluid webs of influence

issue network

an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause or agenda in a way that influences government policy

Patronage

appointing people to government positions as a reward for political support

What is one example of the president acting as Chief Executive?

appointing the leaders of federal agencies

Which of the following is an example of the president acting as the Head of State?

awarding a citizen the Presidential Medal of Freedom

trustee model of representation

representatives who use their own beliefs and judgement to make decisions

Which of the following describes the president's special ability to attract public attention and discuss political goals?

bully pulpit

iron triangle

comprises the policy-making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy, and interest groups

political process for the Vice president

elected with the president for a 4 year term

Which of the following tasks does the bureaucracy carry out?

enforcing regulations

Which informal power does the president use to command that executive branch to enforce a new policy?

executive orders

How can filibuster and the Rules committee make it so a bill can be passed in one chamber but not the other

filibuster- the senate can kill the bill with a filibuster making it much harder to pass a bill in the senate rules committee- the can hinder the passage of that bill in the house

One part of an iron triangle gives the government information about a certain issue. It also encourages lawmakers to draft legislation to help its cause, sometimes through making campaign donations to congress members. Which part of the iron triangle is this?

interest groups

term of SCOTUS

life tenure

Citizenship requirement for the president

natural born

age of a member of SCOTUS

no requirement

citizenship requirement for SCOTUS

no requirement

residency requirement for SCOTUS

no requirement

Role of Vice President

preside over the senate

two advantages of the majority party in the House of Representatives beyond numerical majority in voting

speaker comes from the majority and is the most important member, and the chairs of every committee are members of the majority

veto

the president's constitutional right to reject a law passed by congress

According to the Constitution, who's the main audience for the State of the Union?

the two chambers of Congress

Why do presidents issue signing statements?

to interpret a bill

What is the purpose of the War Powers Act?

to limit the president's power to start military conflicts