govt 2305 exam 2 review

Deterrence assumes the ______ of the U.S. response and the ______ of an adversary.

certainty; rationality

The term soft power refers to

efforts by one nation to influence the people and governments of other nations by persuasion rather than coercion

If a company has "market power," it means that the company is powerful enough to

eliminated competitors and to impose conditions on consumers rather than catering to consumer demand

An emergency declaration relating to foreign threats allow the president to

embargo trade, seize foreign assets, and prohibit transactions with what ever foreign nations are involved

Which of the following is an independent agency?

environmental protection agency

Organizational reforms instituted by Congress in the 1970s

fragmented power by reducing the power of committee chair.

What was the key to American security during the nineteenth century?

geographical isolation.

Approximately _____ percent of members of congress have university degrees

90

_______ and _______ are the two MOST common types of civil law cases.

Contracts; torts

Americans have historically asserted that our foreign policies should

have a higher purpose than the pursuit of our own interest and use force only as a last

What were two primary ways that the orientation of federal housing policy changed during the 1980s and 1990s?

housing assistance for low- income Americans shifted towards housing vouchers, and high rise public housing units were replaced with new mixed-income units

A membership association is a group

in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration.

The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that

interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influences.

Roe v. Wade is a good example of

judicial activism because it was based on a constitutional right to privacy that is not found in the actual words of the Constitution

"Packing" occurs when

legislative district are redrawn in a way that concentrates numbers of a particular party in as few districts as possible, there by limiting the overall number of seats that party might win.

The best way for federal reserve board officials to help boost stagnant economy is to

lower interest rates that so that banks can provide more loans and cheaper rates to individuals and businesses

Which of the following statements describes the formal requirements of serving as a federal court judge?

There are no formal requirement to serve as a federal court judge

America's international economic and monetary policies and coordinate and implemented by the

Treasury Department, the Commerce Department, the Office of the U.S. trade representative.

Which of the following would the Supreme Court likely refuse to hear because the case lacked "ripeness"?

a case involving a citizen suing the Social Security Administration for failure to deliver Social Security benefits prior to the time the citizen was scheduled to receive the benefits

Partisan loyalty is likely to be highest in the election of

a state legislature.

Conference committees

are only likely to include members from both political parties when control of congress is divided.

Social Security plays a vital role for younger people by providing

survivor benefits those whose parents die or become disable

Which of the following statements about primary elections is MOST accurate ?

the United States is one of the few nations in the world to hold primary elections.

Which of the following is true?

the cabinet has no legal status under the constitution

Under current federal campaign finance rules , a national political party committee

may make unlimited " independent expenditures" advocating support for its own presidential candidate as long as these expenditures are not coordinated with the candidate own campaign.

The 2014 Select Committee on Benghazi is an example of Congress's ______ powers.

oversight

The National Park Service is

part of the department of the interior

A certiorari pool describes the

practice by which Supreme Court law clerks work together to evaluate each petition

A referendum is the

practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection.

When a government taxes an individual's first $10,000 of income at 10 percent, the next $30,000 at 15 percent, and all further income at 40 percent, the government's income tax is best described as a ______ tax.

progressive

The interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act are examples of the federal government's attempt to

regulate large businesses that establish monopolies

Why did it prove difficult for congress to close America military bases at the end of the Cold War with the former Soviet Union?

sense every military base was in some congressional members district, it proved impossible for congress to decide to close any of them

If groups looking to legalize marijuana for recreational use failed to change the federal governments policy toward the drug and, as a result, began lobbying state legislature where legalization was popular, it would be and example of

venue shopping.

There are _______ federal government departments and each led by a ______ who is member of the president's cabinet

15; secretary

In addition to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the two federal agencies that play the MOST active role in protecting the public from unsafe products are the

Department of Transportation and the Food and Drug Administration

The original gerrymander is attributed to

Elbridge Gerry

___________ involves purposefully drawing district boundaries to unfairly advantage one group or party

Gerrymandering

When an American voter supports only one parties candidates he or she is said to be voted a____ ticket

Straight

In recent years, federal court appoints have

been characterized by intense partition and ideological efforts to support or defeat the candidate

In the House of Representatives, virtually all he time allotted by the Rules Committee for debate on a given bill is controlled by the

bill's sponsor and its leading opponent.

The Fair Labor Standards Act was significant because it

created the minimum wage

ARPANET was a(n)

decentralized, highly redundant communications network created by the federal government in the 1950s and 1960s

compared to the rest of American history, recent Congresses have been ______ polarized and ______ productive in terms of passing laws.

more; less

The U.S Supreme Court has been composed of

nine justices since 1869

Although the Federal Reserve's decision to cut the federal fund rate is expected to ______ economic growth, its decision to raise the federal funds rate is expected to _____ economic growth

speed up; slow down

Why are states governments more likely than the federal government to cut spending on programs that serve low-income residents?

state governments cannot run deficits as the federal government can, and state governments have more limited taxing capabilities than the federal government

Which of the following has been a fundamental goal of the government's involvement in the economy?

stimulating economic growth

The "Commission on Wartime Contracting" found that the use of private contractors during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq

wasted between $31 and $60 billion

If a registered democratic voter was apposed to abortion and rejected the Democratic Party pro choice platform, abortion would be a _____ issue for the voter

wedge

The United States withdrew from Kyoto protocol because it

would be to harmful to American national economic interest