GOVT 2305 - Test 2

During the Founding era, ________ were the strongest supporters of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution

antifederalists

The inclusion of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was MOST strongly supported by the

antifederalists

The willingness to be restrained by the power of social institutions, but not by political or legal institutions, is a hallmark of a(n) ________ regime.

authoritarian

How was political power in the Continental Congress divided under the Articles of Confederation?

each state had an equal vote

________ is the most important core value of liberalism

equality

The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers

expressed

The constitutional basis for the nationalization of the Bill of Rights is the ________ Amendment

fourteenth

What is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs

home rule

Government is best defined as the

institutions and procedures by which a territory and its people are ruled

The demand that there be no taxation without representation is a good example of what political reform of the eighteenth century?

more popular influence on government

A(n) ________ occurs when a small group of wealthy landowners and corporate leaders control the government.

oligarchy

The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government is called

pluralism

A state government's authority to regulate the safety, health, and morals of its citizens is called a ________ power

police

Having some share or say in the composition of a government's leadership, how it is organized, or what its policies are going to be is called

power

A ________ is a service that people need but are usually unable to provide for themselves.

public good

Defense against foreign aggression, maintenance of public order, and a stable currency are examples of?

public goods

The First Continental Congress was

A group of colonial delegates assembled in 1774 that called for a total boycott of all British goods

What was the Seneca Falls Convention

A meeting in upstate New York during the mid-nineteenth century regarding women's rights

"Affective intelligence" refers to the

Fact that individuals will often quickly form opinions in response to current events by using their emotions as a guide

The U.S., Canada, and Switzerland are all ________ systems of government, while France is a ________ system of government

Federal; unitary

The Boston Massacre occurred when

Five colonists were killed by British soldiers outside of the seat of the colonial government in Boston

A representative democracy is a system of government that

Gives citizens a regular opportunity to elect top government officials

Prior to the eighteenth century

Governments rarely sought the support of their people

Which of the following was NOT one of the reprisals enacted by the British in response to the Boston Tea Party? Restricting movement of the colonists to the West Removing accused persons from the colonies to Britain for trial Granting the East India Company the power to sell tea directly in the colonies instead of working through the colonial merchants Closing the Boston port to commerce

Granting the East India Company the power to sell tea directly in the colonies instead of working through the colonial merchants

Which of the following civil liberties was included in Article III of the Constitution

Guarantee of trial by jury in state where crime was committed

Support for freedom of speech, a free internet, and the press is

Higher in the U.S. that in most other countries in the world

Federalism is best defined as a system of government

In which power is divided between a national government and lower-level governments

Which of the following statements best summarizes John Locke's philosophical arguments in his treatises on government?

Individuals create governments to protect their lives, liberties, and possessions, and if a government fails in its duties, the citizenry has the right to alter or abolish it

the Bill of Rights is

Is the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Alexander Hamilton opposed a bill of rights mainly because he believed that

It was unnecessary given that the federal government was given only a small set of explicitly delegated powers

________ defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre.

John Adams

The philosophical view articulate I the Declaration of Independence was MOST heavily influenced by the work of liberal theorist

John Locke

________ generally support abortion rights and oppose state involvement with religious institutions

Liberals

A vast majority of Americans describe themselves as

Liberals, conservatives, or moderates

In classical political theory, a liberal was closest to what we would today refer to as a

Libertarian

Which of the following sets of terms best describes America's fundamental political values

Liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy

The purpose of the Tenth Amendment is to

Limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people

The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires the

States to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions

In international affairs, conservatism has come to mean

Support for military intervention and the maintenance of American military power

What was the MOST common form of taxation during the colonial era?

Tariffs, duties, and taxes on commerce

The events that led to the Revolutionary War were triggered by which of the following?

The British raised revenue by increasing the tax rate of the colonies

Which of the following statements best describes British rule of the American colonies during the first half of the eighteenth century?

The British ruled with a light hand and exerted a strong influence only in the largest colonial cities.

The first nation to adopt federalism as its governing framework was

The U.S.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a totalitarian regime? The United Kingdom Pre-WW II Japan Nazi Germany The Soviet Union under Stalin

The United Kingdom

Which Supreme Court decision partially struck down the Defense of Marriage Act

United States v. Windsor

Direct democracy is best defined as

a system that allows citizens to vote directly for laws and policies

The Thirteenth Amendment

abolished slavery

Which powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment, are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states

reserved

The ________ clause in the U.S. Constitution affirms that national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land

supremacy

the Stamp Act was a

tax on commerce

Which amendment preserves a strong role of the states in the American federal republic

tenth

An autocracy exists when

the government is controlled by a single individual

What is the principal difference between an autocracy and an oligarchy?

the number of people in charge

Colonial protesters of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act rallied around which slogan?

"No taxation without representation."

The first slaves were brought to what would become the U.S. in

1619

The Articles of Confederation were ratified by all the states in

1781

The Bill of Rights was ratified by the states in

1791

In what year was freedom of speech extended to protect against the acts of state governments

1925

About ________ percent of southern white families owned slaves in 1840

25

Approximately ________ percent of the world's population currently lives in a constitutional democracy.

40

A political ideology is best defined as

A cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government

Habeas corpus refers to

A court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention

The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees

African American men the right to vote

Which of the following statements about the income tax is MOST accurate?

Although the income tax is currently one of the most important sources of government revenue, it had not yet developed during British rule over the colonies in the eighteenth century

The United States' first written constitution was called the

Articles of Confederation

Support for an affirmative action policy that considers an applicant's race in university admissions is an example of a political ________, while a belief in equality of opportunity is an example of a political ________.

Attitude; value

The difference between a political value and a political attitude is that values are

Basic principles, while attitudes are specific preferences

The term public opinionis used to describe

Beliefs and attitudes toward different issues, events, and people

The ________ was the key group in Europe that pushed for limited government.

Bourgeoisie

The Boston Tea Party was largely a response to the

British government's decision to grant the East India Company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain

A ________ is a system of government in which member states retain almost all of their sovereign authority and delegate limited powers to a weak central body

Confederation

Opposition to legalized abortion is a position MOST likely supported by ________, while support for legalized abortion is a position MOST likely supported by ________.

Conservatives; liberals

In response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875, the Supreme Court

Declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination rather than state discrimination

Bernie Sanders is best described as a ________, while Rand Paul is best described as a ________.

Democratic socialist; libertarian

Nations that adopt a federal arrangement are MOST likely to have

Diverse ethnic or language groups

Libertarianism is a political ideology that

Emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government

Liberalism and conservatism are examples of

Political ideologies

George W. Bush called himself a "compassionate conservative" in order to show that he favored

Programs that assist the poor and needy

Which of the following civil liberties was NOT included in Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution

Prohibition of government "taking" private property "without just compensation"

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to

Protect former slaves from discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and theaters

The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges(2015) was significant because it

Required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex

What was the result of the Compromise of 1877

Rutherford B. Hayes was elected president

Who orchestrated the Boston Tea Party?

Samuel Adams

In a federal system, governmental responsibilities are

Shared by both state and federal governments

Prior to 1760, the MOST radical forces in colonial politics represented

Shopkeepers, laborers, and small farmers

Which of the following statements about national defense under the Articles of Confederation is FALSE? Congress was given the power to declare war Congress was given the power to make treaties and form alliances with other countries The nation's armed forces were composed entirely of state militias The president served as commander in chief of the nation's armed forces

The president served as commander in chief of the nation's armed forces

To what does the term Jim Crowrefer

The system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction

Which of the following statements best describes current controversies about immigration among conservatives

There is a division of opinion among conservatives, with pro-business conservatives accepting immigration and social conservatives strongly opposing immigration to the U.S.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the bourgeoisie's view of electoral and representative institutions?

They were advocates of electoral and representative institutions, but they favored limiting participation to the middle and upper classes.

Who said that the best government was one that "governed least"?

Thomas Jefferson

________ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering

civil liberties

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause

comity

________ powers exist when both the state and national governments share authority in certain domains

concurrent

A government that is formally limited by laws and rules is called

constitutional

The fact that Americans strongly support minimal governmental interference with individuals' lives and property illustrates their commitment to

liberty

________ is the core political value MOST highly prioritized by American conservatives

liberty

The "peculiar institution" was a phrase used by southerners to describe

slavery

A government that is not constrained by legal limits and also seeks to eliminate any challenges to its authority is known as a(n) ________ government.

totalitarian