Gov't Unit 2

As the colonies moved toward independence, the First Continental Congress was created in 1768. 1776. 1760. 1774.

1774

Which of the following is the best example of populism? A government allows its people to govern themselves. A monarch holds absolute power over people. A government restricts the freedom of its citizens. A government declares that all people are equal

A government allows its people to govern themselves.

Which statement best describes how American government compares to the one that existed in ancient Athens? Both governments used random selection to choose citizens to serve in the legislature. Both governments eventually gave the right to vote to women and enslaved people. Both governments encouraged citizens to participate in the decision-making process. Both governments allowed citizens to vote directly on nearly every important decision.

Both governments encouraged citizens to participate in the decision-making process.

Where did democracy begin? the Fertile Crescent Greek city-states the United States the Assyrian Empire

Greek city-states

John Locke thought people were neither good nor bad naturally. How did Hobbes's views differ from Locke's? Hobbes thought people were naturally violent. Hobbes thought people were naturally kind. Hobbes thought people were naturally peaceful. Hobbes thought people were naturally evil.

Hobbes thought people were naturally violent.

rights are basic rights to which all humans are entitled. Legal Natural Divine

Natural

Rome became a ________ at the end of the 6th Century BCE. Democracy Republic Dictatorship Theocracy

Republic

_________ supported the Enlightenment idea that people are naturally selfish. Thomas Hobbes John Locke Baron de Montesquieu

Thomas Hobbes

De Tocqueville's travels throughout the United States led him to conclude that it was a democratic country. a populist country. an aristocratic country. a unique country.

a unique country.

Enlightenment philosophers aimed to preserve the rights of individuals, including the right to an education. assemble. a job. rule.

assemble

Athens and Sparta were both countries. city-states. monarchies. empires.

city-states

According to the excerpt, what is one purpose for the Constitution? to guarantee peace and fairness to free enslaved people to form separate governments for the states to get soldiers for the British military

to guarantee peace and fairness

According to Hobbes, what is the primary purpose of the social contract? to protect rights to remove rights to reduce liberty to expand liberty

to reduce liberty

A direct democracy is one in which all citizens vote on important decisions. elect representatives to make decisions for them. choose a strong leader to make all the laws. vote in a Council of 500.

vote on important decisions.

De Tocqueville observed the laissez-faire government in the United States, which meant that the government was on a quest for equality. stayed out of people's affairs. could not enforce laws. believed all people were created equal.

stayed out of people's affairs.

In which section of the Declaration of Independence is the purpose of government described? the Preamble the body the conclusion the grievances

the Preamble

Which quotation from the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence supports the idea that the United States is based on a social contract? "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." "Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes." "[T]hey are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

Read the quotation from the Declaration of Independence. "For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury." Which legal change after the American Revolution most likely resulted from this grievance? Due process of law was implemented. A new legal system was founded. The court system was established. All colonial court cases were retried.

Due process of law was implemented

What purpose did the introduction to the Declaration of Independence serve? It outlined the principles behind the call for independence. It listed colonial grievances against the Crown. It indicated why independence was necessary. It declared independence from Britain.

It indicated why independence was necessary.

Which is one of the many influences that helped to shape United States government documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? British imperialism Middle Eastern monarch rule Judeo-Christian principles the fall of Sparta

Judeo-Christian principles

Which statement best describes the republican form of government that the Founding Fathers envisioned? a government with the authority to enact laws a government run by citizens who decide to make laws a government run by people elected to lead the country a government with the power to keep citizens safe

a government run by people elected to lead the country

During his trip to the United States, Alexis de Tocqueville observed that Americans were having trouble governing themselves. did not have many individual rights. did not have much power as individuals. believed in the idea of populism.

believed in the idea of populism.

What did philosophers of the Enlightenment have faith in, believing it could answer questions and solve problems? science economics human reason government authority

human reason

The Ten Commandments are a list of rules for organizing government. ensuring the separation of powers. living and worshiping. ruling an empire.

living and worshiping.

Who were considered citizens in ancient Athens? women men slaves all Athenians

men

Read the quote from Thomas Jefferson. That these are our grievances which we have thus laid before his majesty, with that freedom of language and sentiment which becomes a free people claiming their rights, as derived from the laws of nature, and not as the gift of their chief magistrate. According to Jefferson, where does a person's rights come from? government natural law society divine right

natural law

Which act could be considered an acceptance of the social contract? paying the electric bill in exchange for using electricity viewing commercials in exchange for watching network news broadcasts observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway paying the water bill in exchange for taking a shower

observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway

According to John Locke, must respect the rights of the citizens. rulers philosophers enemies

rulers

The Declaration of Independence is considered the first formal assertion by a people of their right to revolution. self-government. liberty. vote.

self-government

To understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man.- John Locke,Second Treatise of Government,1690 Which describes the purpose of this passage? to define political power to explain life without government to explain why people dispose of their possessions to outline the bounds of the laws of nature.

to explain why people dispose of their possessions

Which best describes the main action called for by the Declaration of Independence? to seek peace with Great Britain to give the United States the power of self-government to declare war on Great Britain to create the First Continental Congress

to give the United States the power of self-government

What does the preamble say about the power of government? Select all that apply. If the government abuses its power, people's natural rights are taken away. Great Britain has always upheld the natural rights of the colonists. The government has a responsibility to protect people's rights, not to control their lives. Government's power comes from the Creator. A government is empowered by the consent of the governed.

If the government abuses its power, people's natural rights are taken away The government has a responsibility to protect people's rights, not to control their lives.

One of the Ten Commandments states , "thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor". How is this applied in the US Constitution ? It is legal to be tried for the same crime twice within the same year. It is legal to borrow from your neighbour without their permission. It is illegal to say nothing in a court of law. It is illegal to lie in a court of law.

It is illegal to lie in a court of law.

In addition to Judeo-Christian principles, American government was influenced by principles first used in ancient Greece and in Egypt. Rome. Babylon. Assyria.

Rome

If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences . . . class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. What is the main idea of Pericles's statement? Poverty can keep citizens from serving. Citizens are different from one another. The law treats all men equally. All men should be able to serve the state.

The law treats all men equally.

In what way did ancient Athens influence the framers of the United States Constitution? All Athenians were allowed to vote. The legislative branch in Athens had two main bodies. The Council of 500 made all major decisions. Laws were made by the chief executive.

The legislative branch in Athens had two main bodies.

According to the Constitution, which of the following is true about "unalienable rights"? They can never be taken away from the government. They can only be changed by the government. They can never be taken away from the people. They only apply to citizens of the United States.

They can never be taken away from the people.

Why were taxes an ongoing source of conflict for the American colonists? They did not get sufficient government services. They paid a higher tax rate than those living in England. They were taxed without having representation in Parliament. They felt the taxes should be invested in colonial infrastructure.

They were taxed without having representation in Parliament.

Who was appointed to write the Declaration of Independence? James Madison Thomas Jefferson John Locke Thomas Paine

Thomas Jefferson

A social contract is an agreement between a government and its citizens. citizens of two different countries. governments of two different countries. property owners and government.

a government and its citizens.

The preamble to the Declaration of Independence outlines the principles upon which the new government would be based. Which of these best describes one of those principles? a government based on a social contract the end of taxation without representation the removal of the British military a need for equality regardless of race or gender

a government based on a social contract

The only way to erect such a common power, as may be able to defend them from . . . the injuries of one another, and thereby to secure them in such sort, as that by their own industry, and by the fruits of the earth, they may nourish themselves and live contentedly, is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will.- Thomas Hobbes,The Leviathan,1660 In this passage, Hobbes discusses the nature of the government that people create with their social contract. According to Hobbes, this government should be as small and limited as possible. protect people's happiness. be elected by the people. be completely powerful.

be completely powerful.

How did Enlightenment thinkers approach the study of government? by taking a historical view by taking a divine right view by taking a faith-based view by taking a secular view

by taking a secular view

Thomas Paine's Common Sense pushed for a more radical solution than the First Continental Congress did in resolving issues of British rule. What was Paine's solution? declaring war on Britain invading Britain moving inland, beyond British territory declaring independence

declaring independence

The concept of checks and balances ensures that each branch of government does not have power over the others. only one branch of government maintains power over the others. each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the others. no branch of government has a separate power from the others.

each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the others.

The Founders wanted to add the Bill of Rights to the Constitution because they wanted to __________ include a way to amend the Constitution. include a provision for the rule of law. strengthen the system of checks and balances. ensure that people's rights were protected.

ensure that people's rights were protected.

Because the framers of the US Constitution were concerned about citizens having too much power, they banned citizens from voting. organized a system of consuls and magistrates. established a republic. created a system of independently governed city-states.

established a republic.

The Enlightenment idea of separation of powers led to giving authority to the president and vice president. granting a social contract between colonists and governments. forming three branches of government in the United States. forming a powerful government that could protect its people.

forming three branches of government in the United States.

Enlightenment thinkers questioned government authority. unalienable rights. the right to rebel. government programs.

government authority.

Which type of rights did the colonists who drafted the Declaration of Independence most want to protect? inalienable government legal voting

inalienable

Which had the greatest influence in prompting the Second Continental Congress to declare independence? the battles of Lexington and Concord King George III's rejection of peaceful reconciliation financial support from France and Spain increased open public support for independence

increased open public support for independence

What did the Founders mean by the term "rule of law"? laws that apply equally to everyone laws made by the rulers of a country laws that apply to elected officials laws made by an independent republic

laws that apply equally to everyone

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights? life, liberty, property life, cooperation, liberty opportunity, property, support opportunity, support, cooperation

life, liberty, property

Which of the following principles did the Founders use as part of the basis for the Constitution? unlimited state government strong federal government selective equality popular sovereignty

popular sovereignty

What did the philosophers of the Enlightenment seek to understand? the natural rights behind religion's continued power the natural rights governing human behavior and society the natural rights that gave leaders absolute power the natural rights that governed the physical universe

the natural rights governing human behavior and society

The Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu came up with the idea of the natural rights of all people. using a revolution to obtain citizens' rights. the separation of the government's powers. a social contract between government and people.

the separation of the government's powers.