GR - Integument
14) Fine hairs covering the general surface of the body are ________. A) vellus hairs B) terminal hairs C) intermediate hairs D) heavily pigmented hairs E) None of the answers are correct.
A
16) Which of the following terms refers to fine, unpigmented hairs, which first appear after roughly three months of development? A) lanugo B) vernix C) terminal D) vellus E) intermediate
A
1) Skin color is due to ________. A) dermal blood supply B) thickness of the stratum corneum C) melanin D) carotene E) All of the answers are correct.
C
10) Merocrine sweat glands ________. A) are most common in the axilla B) are the same as apocrine glands C) function in thermoregulation D) are usually attached to hair follicles E) produce a potentially odorous secretion
C
21) Sebaceous glands are often associated with ________. A) nails B) merocrine sweat glands C) hair follicles D) apocrine sweat glands E) All of the answers are correct.
C
23) Cerumen is commonly known as ________. A) salts B) proteins C) earwax D) water E) saliva
C
12) Functions of the hair on the body include ________. A) protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation B) cushioning blows C) providing insulating benefits D) providing nervous sensation E) All of the answers are correct
E
13) Which of the following parts of a hair is/are usually seen on the surface? A) cortex, medulla, shaft B) bulb, root, shaft C) follicle, bulb, cuticle, cortex D) hard keratin, bulb, root E) shaft only
E
53) Merkel cells are located in the stratum spinosum.
F
54) The stratum basale is the layer of cells superficial to the stratum spinosum.
F
58) Earwax is produced by modified sebaceous glands.
F
61) In aging humans, the blood supply to the dermis is increased at the same time that sweat glands become less active.
F
55) Large stem cells dominate the stratum basale
T
56) Sebaceous follicles communicate directly with the epidermis.
T
57) Ceruminous glands are milk-producing glands found in the breasts.
T
59) The nail body covers the nail bed, but nail production occurs at the nail root.
T
60) During repair, the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network, is called granulation tissue.
T
18) Variations in hair color reflect differences in hair structure and ________. A) variations in the pigments produced by melanocytes at the papilla B) age of the individual C) air bubbles in the medulla of the hair shaft D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.
A
27) The decrease in which of the following cells occurs with aging, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the immune system? A) Langerhans cells B) Merkel cells C) melanocytes D) keratinocytes E) tactile corpuscles
A
28) Which of the following effects of aging causes the elderly to be at greater risk of overheating in warm environments? A) thinning of the epidermis of the skin B) a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells C) a decrease in melanocyte activity D) a decrease in glandular activity E) All of the answers are correct.
A
30) Thermoregulation is the primary function of ________. A) the dermis B) sensible perspiration C) arrector pili muscle contraction D) sebaceous glands E) apocrine glands
A
37) Vitamin D is required for normal intestinal absorption of ________. A) calcium and phosphorus B) phosphorus and magnesium C) magnesium and calcium D) sodium and potassium E) calcium and sodium
A
39) Another name for the subcutaneous layer is the ________. A) superficial fascia B) integument C) reticular layer D) deep fascia E) papillary layer
A
42) Sebum is produced by ________ glands. A) sebaceous B) eccrine C) apocrine D) sudoriferous E) merocrine
A
43) Mammary glands are anatomically related to ________. A) sebaceous glands B) merocrine sweat glands C) sebaceous follicles D) eccrine sweat glands E) apocrine sweat glands
A
45) Folliculitis is a local inflammation of ________. A) sebaceous glands B) sudoriferous glands C) arrector pili D) apocrine glands E) merocrine glands
A
50) The cuticle is another name for the ________ of the nail. A) eponychium B) lunula C) bed D) hyponychium E) fold
A
11) A single layer of dead, keratinized cells at the outer surface of the hair overlap and form the ________. A) cortex B) cuticle C) medulla D) soft keratin E) external root sheath
B
2) The most abundant cells in the epidermis are ________. A) melanocytes B) keratinocytes C) Merkel cells D) Langerhans cells E) None of the answers are correct.
B
22) The most widely distributed type of sweat gland on the body is (the) ________. A) apocrine sweat gland B) merocrine sweat gland C) ceruminous gland D) myoepithelial gland E) None of the answers are correct.
B
25) Why is the skin capable of repair, even after serious damage? A) Individual skin cells have a high metabolic rate. B) Stem cells persist in both the epithelial and connective tissue components. C) Construction of scar tissue is easier than making normal skin. D) All layers of the skin have an excellent blood supply. E) There are abundant fibroblasts in the epidermis.
B
3) Specialized epithelial cells in the stratum basale, which release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings, are called ________. A) melanocytes B) Merkel cells C) Langerhans cells D) keratinocytes E) stem cells
B
33) The amount of melanin and carotene produced is under ________ control. A) environmental B) genetic C) emotional D) physiological factor E) All of the answers are correct.
B
46) Eyebrows and eyelashes are examples of ________ hairs. A) vellus B) terminal C) intermediate D) club E) lanugo
B
47) ________ secrete pheromones, and a viscous, cloudy, potentially odorous secretion. A) Ceruminous glands B) Apocrine glands C) Eccrine glands D) Merocrine glands E) Sebaceous glands
B
49) Sensible perspiration is a function of ________ glands. A) merocrine B) sebaceous C) apocrine D) milk-producing E) follicular
B
8) The superficial layer of the dermis consists of ________. A) stratified squamous epithelial tissue B) loose connective tissue C) denser regular connective tissue D) dense irregular connective tissue E) simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
B
9) The hypodermis is important in ________. A) connecting the dermis to the epidermis B) stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues C) preventing unacceptable water losses through the skin D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.
B
24) Which type of gland can be precisely controlled, and its amount of secretion and the area of the body involved can be varied independently? A) apocrine sweat gland B) sebaceous gland C) merocrine sweat gland D) ceruminous glands E) mammary gland
C
26) Which of the following characterizes step 2 of the regeneration of skin after an injury? A) bleeding at the site B) inflammatory response C) granulation tissue formation D) scar tissue formation E) activity leads to collagen fiber appearance
C
31) Skin surfaces that lack hair contain specialized epithelial cells called ________, which are sensitive to touch. A) melanocytes B) keratinocytes C) Merkel cells D) merocrine glands E) Langerhans cells
C
40) Arrector pili consists of ________. A) skeletal muscle B) loose connective tissue C) smooth muscle D) adipocytes E) cardiac muscle
C
52) Age-induced weakening of muscles and reduction in bone strength are compounded by the skin's diminished production of ________, which is required for effective calcium uptake. A) sebum B) vitamin B12 C) vitamin D D) vitamin A E) vitamin B1
C
6) A bluish coloring of the skin that occurs as a result of extreme cold, or of circulatory or respiratory disorders is called ________. A) pale B) blushing C) cyanosis D) jaundice E) fading
C
15) The cells found in sweat glands that function to squeeze sweat out of the gland are called ________. A) neuroepithelial cells B) stratified columnar cells C) transitional cells D) myoepithelial cells E) None of the answers are correct.
D
19) The two groups of sweat glands in the skin are ________. A) sebaceous and merocrine B) apocrine and endocrine C) holocrine and endocrine D) merocrine and apocrine E) adrenal and holocrine
D
20) Functions of merocrine sweat glands include which combination of the following? (1)lubricating the skin (2) thermoregulation (3) inhibiting the growth of microorganisms (4) excretion of water, electrolytes, and some drugs A) 1, 2 B) 1, 2, 3 C) 1, 3 D) 2, 3, 4 E) 4, 5
D
29) In older individuals, wrinkling of the skin occurs because of ________. A) thinning of the dermis B) a decrease of elastic fiber network size C) weakening of the integument D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 4.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
D
32) Thick skin can be found on the sole and the ________. A) scalp B) back of thorax C) abdomen D) palm E) knee surface
D
35) Each keratinocyte in the ________ contains tonofibrils. A) stratum corneum B) stratum basale C) stratum granulosum D) stratum spinosum E) papillary layer of dermis
D
36) In the dermis, repeated ultraviolet exposure can result in damage to ________, causing abnormal connective tissue structure and premature wrinkling. A) Langerhans cells B) Merkel cells C) sebaceous glands D) fibrocytes E) melanocytes
D
4) The most superficial layer of the epidermis in which all the cells still possess a nucleus is the ________. A) stratum corneum B) stratum basale C) stratum spinosum D) stratum granulosum E) stratum lucidum
D
48) Ceruminous glands are ________ glands. A) merocrine B) sebaceous C) follicular D) apocrine E) milk-producing
D
7) Which of the following structures produce black, yellow-brown, or brown pigment in intracellular vesicles? A) tactile corpuscles B) Ruffini corpuscles C) lamellated corpuscles D) melanocytes E) Merkel cells
D
17) At the end of a hair's growth cycle, which of the following occurs? A) The follicle becomes mature. B) Club hairs form. C) Connections between the hair matrix and other structures break down. D) Old hair gets pushed toward the surface. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
34) Carotene normally accumulates inside ________. A) melanocytes B) Merkel cells C) Langerhans cells D) apocrine glands E) keratinocytes
E
41) Hairs on the upper and lower limbs that change their distribution are called ________ hairs. A) vellus B) lanugo C) terminal D) pili E) intermediate
E
5) Which epidermal layer is not distinguishable in thin skin, and stains poorly in thick skin? A) stratum spinosum B) stratum basale C) stratum corneum D) stratum granulosum E) stratum lucidum
E
51) Calluses form when skin is subjected to mechanical stress, and cells in the ________ divide more rapidly. A) stratum corneum B) stratum spinosum C) stratum lucidum D) stratum granulosum E) stratum basale
E