GRE word list

Catalyst

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP an event or person that causes great change: Eg: The high suicide rate acted as a catalyst for change in the prison system.

Oscillate

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING to vary between differing beliefs, opinions, conditions, etc Eg: Her moods oscillated between depression and elation.

Trace

From List-13 LEFT-OVER a very slight amount or degree: Eg: There was a trace of a smile on his face, She speaks English without the slightest trace of an accent.

Totter /ˈtɑː.t̬ɚ/ (I)

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE to move or walk in a way that looks as if you are about to fall Eg: She tottered unsteadily down the stairs in her high-heeled shoes. (I) to shake and move from side to side: = wobble (I or T) sth or sth wobbles Eg: Several tall piles of books tottered and fell.

Comely /ˈkʌm.li/

(typically of a woman) pleasant to look at; attractive. Eg: the comely Bollywood actress Katrina Kaif

escapade (CN) /ˈes·kəˌpeɪd/

= adventure Her latest escapade was to camp outside a department store on the night before the sale. Their escapades sound as if they could be ripped from the pages of "Tom Sawyer" and "Huckleberry Finn."

Aesthetic

Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. Eg: the pictures give great aesthetic pleasure

Slander

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME a false spoken statement about someone that damages their reputation, or the making of such a statement Eg: The doctor is suing his partner for slander.

Libel /ˈlaɪ.bəl/ C or U

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME a piece of writing that contains bad and false things about a person Eg: She threatened to sue the magazine for libel.

Aspersion

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME cast doubts on or question something; An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone or something. Eg: I wouldn't want to cast aspersions on your honesty.

Shrewd

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE having or based on a clear understanding and good judgment of a situation, resulting in an advantage Eg: It was a shrewd move to buy house just before property prices started to rise.

Negligible

From List-12 INSIGNIFICANT small or insignificant Eg: The cost was negligible.

Sturdy

From List-13 PHYSICALLY STRONG strong or solid Eg: That ladder doesn't look sturdy enough to hold you.

Mandate

From List-2 RULE/ PRINCIPLE/ LAW An official order or commission to do something. Eg: a mandate to seek the release of political prisoners

Egalitarian

From List-3 IMPARTIAL believing that all people are equally important and should have the same right sand opportunities in life Eg: an egalitarian society

Nonplussed /ˌnɑːnˈplʌst/ a

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE = choang ngop, bang hoang surprised, confused, and not certain how to react Eg: The aggressive questioning at the job interview left her nonplussed.

Trials

From List-5 PAIN/ SUFFERING a difficult experience, trouble or grief Eg: The film is much about celebration as it about trials.

X Foe

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY

Revive

From List-7 THRIVING/ RESTORED to come or bring something back to life, health, existence, or use Eg: A hot shower and a cup of tea will revive you.

Shunt

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE

cradle (v)

I have never cradled a baby in my arms

dime novel (/ˈdaɪm ˌnɑː.vəl/)

a cheap, popular novel, especially one that tells a romantic or exciting story: He wrote dime novels inspired by the exploits of a real-life outlaw.

façade (/fəˈsɑːd/)

a false appearance that makes someone or something seem more pleasant or better than they really are: He kept his hostility hidden behind a friendly façade. We are fed up with this façade of democracy.

Aberration

a temporary change from the typical or usual way of behaving Eg: For her, such a low grade on an exam was an aberration.

Effervescent

active, positive, and full of energy Eg: She's one of those effervescent personalities that you often see hosting TV game shows.

atrocity (U or CN, usually plural)

an extremely cruel, violent, or shocking act or the fact of sth doing sth cruel, violent (tan bao, hung ac) They are on trial for committing atrocities against the civilian population. hese people are guilty of acts of appalling atrocity (= cruelty).

Ire /aɪr/ U

anger Eg: If you routinely steal your neighbour's newspaper, don't be surprised to be on the receiving end of his ire.

(un)occupied

anything that can be *full, in use, or busy* (broader than free) + seat + bathroom/ room Are there any unoccupied seats in that row? Every room in the hotel is occupied.

broker (v)

arrange a deal/ agreement, etc. between parties (countries, groups of ppl, etc.) The diplomats have failed in their attempts to broker a ceasefire broker a diplomatic solution

X Maladroit /ˌmæl.əˈdrɔɪt/

awkward in movement or unskilled in behaviour or action = clumpsy Eg: She can be a little maladroit in social situations.

Plebeian /pləˈbiː.ən/

belonging to a low social class = common = lower class Eg: He wondered what the people at the club would think of his plebeian origins. He retained a plebeian taste in food and drink. My mum thinks dyed blonde hair is a bit common.

Abstruse (/æbˈstruːs/)

difficult to understand or not commonly known Eg: you're not the only one who finds Einstein's theory abstruse. I don't mind learning abstruse concepts I just need time to learn

Crestfallen

disappointed and sad because of having failed unexpectedly Eg: She was crestfallen when she found out she hadn't got the job.

Glum

disappointed or unhappy, and quiet Eg: You look glum. What's up?

jejune (a) (/dʒəˈdʒuːn/)

disapproving, formal 1. simple and childish He made jejune generalizations about how all students were lazy and never did any work. 2. boring a jejune lecture by one of our professors

Exhilaration

excitement and happiness Eg: The atmosphere in the camp was one of excitement and exhilaration.

Impassioned

expressed with strong feeling Eg: She went on television to make an impassioned plea (an urgent and emotional request) for the release of her child.

Gushing

expressing a positive feeling, especially praise, in such a strong way that it does not sound sincere Eg: One of the more gushing newspapers described the occasion as "a fairy-tale wedding".

contemptuous (a)

expressing contempt = scornful a contemptuous manner/laugh He was very contemptuous of "popular" writers, whom he described as having no talent.

Effusive (/ɪˈfjuː.sɪv/)

expressing welcome, approval, or pleasure in a way that shows very strong feeling = dat dao Eg: They offered effusive thanks for our help.

Wrath

extreme anger Eg: The people feared the wrath of God.

hysteria (u) (/hɪˈstɪr.i.ə/)

extreme fear, excitement, anger, etc. that cannot be controlled: su kich dong, cuong loan

Euphoria /juːˈfɔːr.i.ə/

extreme happiness, sometimes more than is reasonable in a particular situation Eg: They were in a state of euphoria for days after they won the prize.

Anguish

extreme unhappiness caused by physical or mental suffering Eg: His anguish at the outcome of the court case was very clear.

Painstaking

extremely careful and correct, and involving a lot of effort Eg: It took months of painstaking research to write the book.

Hideous

extremely ugly or bad Eg: She wears the most hideous color combinations you could ever imagine.

Gruesome

extremely unpleasant and shocking, and usually dealing with death or injury Eg: The newspaper article included a gruesome description of the murder.

Horrendous

extremely unpleasant or bad Eg: The firm made horrendous (= very big) losses last year.

Grisly

extremely unpleasant, especially because death or blood is involved Eg: The 55-year-old Canadian had suffered a grisly death.

Gross

extremely unpleasant. Eg: "Oh, gross!" she said, looking at the flies buzzing above the piles of dirty plates.

physiognomy (UN) (/ˌfɪz.iˈɑː.nə.mi/)

facial features

Prowess

great ability or skill Eg: He's always boasting about his sexual prowess.

ineluctable (a)

inevitable, unavoidable, inescapable

incarnation (CN) (/ˌɪn.kɑːrˈneɪ.ʃən/)

kiep you are a good person in a previous incarnation (kiep truoc)

Lacklustre

lacking energy and effort Eg: Britain's number-one tennis player gave a disappointingly lacklustre performance.

Perennial

lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time Eg: We face the perennial problem of not having enough money. a plant that lives for several years Eg: Roses and geraniums are perennials, flowering year after year.

Ephemeral

lasting for only a short time Eg: Fame in the world of rock and pop is largely ephemeral.

Transitory (/ˈtræn.sə.tɔːr.i/) (a)

lasting for only a short time = short/ brief/ evanescent/ fleeting/ short-lived/ fugitive/ transient (/ˈtræn.zi.ənt/) = ephemeral (/ɪˈfem.ɚ.əl/) Eg: A transitory panic struck me when I realized that we had left the baby in the car.

Incidental /ˌɪn.sɪˈden.t̬əl/

less important than the thing something is connected with or part of Try not to be distracted by incidental details. Eg: The points you make are true, but they're incidental to the main problem.

platitude (/ˈplæt̬.ə.tuːd/) C

loi noi vo vi, tam thuong a remark or statement that may be true but is boring and has no meaning because it has been said so many times before: He doesn't mouth (say sth in a way that is not sincere) platitudes about it not mattering who scores as long as the team wins.

Paramount

more important than anything else Eg: Everybody agrees that education is the paramount issue.

Foremost

most important or best; leading Eg: She's one of the foremost experts on child psychology.

Sinuous /ˈsɪn.ju.əs/

moving in a twisting, curving, or indirect way, or having many curves *+ path/ road/ body figure* = tortuous + path/ road, etc = circuitous + path/ road OR explanation Eg: The hikers followed the sinuous path through the trees. He enjoyed watching the sinuous bodies of the dancers. hint: the graph of a sine function is sinuous

Sluggish /ˈslʌɡ.ɪʃ/

moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power (ue oai, lo do, cham chap) Eg: A heavy lunch makes me sluggish in the afternoon. Something is wrong with the car - the engine feels sluggish. The housing market has been very sluggish these past few years.

Languid /ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪd/

moving or speaking slowly with little energy, (often in an attractive way) = tu ton, cham rai or ue oai (vat) Eg: They proceeded with languid manner a languid wave of the hand a languid afternoon in the sun He sat on the porch enjoying the delicious, languid warmth of a summer afternoon.

Recondite /ˈrek.ən.daɪt/

not known about by many people and difficult to understand = abstruse = kho hieu Eg: We had to work from material that was both complex and recondite.

Expendable

not worth keeping or no longer useful Eg: He was considered expendable and dropped from the team.

sidereal (a) (/saɪˈdɪr.i.əl/)

of or calculated by the stars the sidereal year

Quotidian /kwoʊˈtɪd.i.ən/

ordinary = mundane = everyday Eg: Television has become part of our quotidian existence.

Unremarkable

ordinary and not interesting Eg: an unremarkable town

etiolated (a) (/ˈiː.t̬i.ə.leɪ.t̬ɪd/)

pale and weak, esp plants

Conssumate

perfect, or complete in every way Eg: He's a consummate athlete/gentleman/liar.

Lassitude

physical or mental tiredness Eg: Symptoms of the disease include paleness (used to describe a person's face or skin if it has less colour than usual, for example when the person is or ill or frightened, or if it has less colour than people generally have) and lassitude.

Propitiate /prəˈpɪʃ.i.eɪt/ (T)

please sb to make them less livid = placate /ˈpleɪ.keɪt/ = pacify /ˈpæs.ə.faɪ/ Eg: In those days people might sacrifice a goat or sheep to propitiate an angry god.

Foretell/ Foretold

predict (the future or a future event). Eg: He was a 16th-century prophet who foretold how the world would end.

prerogative (CN) (/prɪˈrɑː.ɡə.t̬ɪv/)

privilege Skiing used to be the prerogative of the rich, but now a far wider range of people do it.

X Perspicacious

quick in noticing, understanding, or judging things accurately Eg: His perspicacious grandfather had bought the land as an investment, guessing that there might be gold underground.

Occult

relating to magical powers and activities, such as those of witchcraft and astrology Eg: She claims to have occult powers, given to her by some mysterious spirit.

corporeal (/kɔːrˈpɔːr.i.əl/) >< non-corporeal

relating to the body >< not relating to the body

Luguborious

sad and serious Eg: The dim lighting in the restaurant makes eating there a particularly lugubrious experience.

Fleeting

short or quick Eg: I glimpsed her fleetingly through the window.

Profound

showing a clear and deep understanding of serious matters Eg: It is difficult to understand these profound questions about life and death.

Precocious (/prəˈkoʊ.ʃəs/)

showing mental development or achievement much earlier than usual Eg: A precocious child, she went to university at the age of 15. She recorded her first CD at the precocious age of twelve.

Gibberish

spoken or written words that have no meaning Eg: I was so nervous, I just started talking gibberish.

Grotesque

strange and unpleasant, especially in a silly or slightly frightening way Eg: By now she'd had so much cosmetic surgery that she looked quite grotesque.

Ardor

strong emotion, or great enthusiasm or excitement Eg: an ardent supporter of Manchester United

exercrable (/ˈek.sə.krə.bəl/) an execrable performance She's always had execrable taste in men.

terrible, awful, very bad, odious (/ˈoʊ.di.əs/), abominable, detestable

Foresee /fɚˈsiː/ --> Foresight (UN) /ˈfɔːr.saɪt/

the ability to judge correctly what is going to happen in the future and plan your actions based on this knowledge, the ability to predict what will happen or be needed in the future. Eg: She'd had the foresight *to sell* her apartment just before the housing market collapsed.

X Efficacy

the ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieving something, to produce the intended result. Eg: They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the drug.

denouement (/deɪˈnuː.mɑ̃ː/) (CN)

the end of a story

Bereaved (/bɪˈriːvd/)

the people who are sad because someone close to them has died Eg: a bereaved widow It is generally accepted that *the bereaved* benefit from counselling.

selfhood (/ˈselfhʊd/) (U)

tinh chat ca nhan the quality that gives a person or thing an individual identity and makes them different from others to understand the nature and development of selfhood

Terminate

to (cause something to) end or stop Eg: They terminated my contract in October.

Extenuate

to cause a wrong act to be judged less seriously by giving reasons for it Eg: There were extenuating circumstances and the defendant did not receive a prison sentence.

Regale

to entertain someone with stories or jokes Eg: Grandpa regaled us with tales (a story, especially one that might be invented or difficult to believe) of his small-town childhood.

Appease

to prevent further disagreement in arguments or war by giving to the other side an advantage that they have demanded Eg: They appeased the dictator by accepting his demands in an effort to avoid war.

belie (v)

to represent something falsely or to hide something His gruff manner belied a gentle personality. Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling.

Presage

to show or suggest that something, often something unpleasant, will happen. Eg: But still the economy is not showing signs of any of the excesses that normally presage a recession.

demarcate (v) (/ˌdiːˈmɑːr.keɪt/)

to show the limits of something: Parking spaces are demarcated by white lines. Responsibilities within the department are clearly demarcated.

Beam

to smile with obvious pleasure Eg: The child beamed at his teacher as he received the award.

Jabber

to speak or say something quickly in a way that is difficult to understand Eg: The train was full of people jabbering (away) into their mobile phones.

Blather

to talk for a long time in a silly or annoying way Eg: What on earth are you blathering on about?

Marginalize

to treat someone or something as if they are not important Eg: Now that English has taken over as the main language, the country's native language has been marginalized.

Morbid

too interested in sad/ unpleasant subjects, especially death = khong lanh manh Eg: I know that a number of people come to this site solely out of *morbid curiosity* about Rachel's murder. She watched with morbid curiosity. My mind was filled with *morbid thoughts* of death. I found the whole subject very morbid and unpleasant.

Ghastly /ˈɡæst.li/

unpleasant and shocking khung khiep, dang so, ghe so Eg: Today's newspaper gives all the ghastly details of the murder.

Sloth /sloʊθ/

unwillingness to work or make any effort = su thieu suc luc, su luoi bieng Eg: The youth is inclined more towards sloth than athletics. The report criticizes the government's sloth in tackling environmental problems.

Jocular

used to describe someone who is happy and likes to make jokes Eg: He is a jocular man, who could make the most serious people smile.

Plaintive /ˈpleɪn.t̬ɪv/

used to describe something that sounds slightly sad Eg: We could hear the plaintive cries of wounded people.

Monstrous

very cruel Eg: But that's monstrous - he can't be allowed to get away with it!

Ebullient

very energetic, positive, and happy Eg: He was openly ebullient after the election.

Exultant /ɪɡˈzʌl.tənt/

very happy, especially at someone else's defeat or failure = ha he, dac chi Eg: Researchers are exultant about the new discovery.

Mandatory

very important because of effects on future events Eg: The test includes a mandatory essay question.

Momentous

very important because of effects on future events Eg: Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family.

Mundane

very ordinary and therefore not interesting Eg: The show was just another mundane family sitcom (a situation comedy)

Redoubtable (/rɪˈdaʊ.t̬ə.bəl/)

very strong, especially in character; producing respect and a little fear in others = dang gom Eg: He was dreading (to feel extremely worried or frightened about something that is going to happen or that might happen) his interview with the redoubtable Mrs. Fitton. Tonight he faces the most *redoubtable opponent* of his boxing career.

Esoteric /ˌes.əˈter.ɪk/ (a)

very unusual and understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge Eg: Metaphysics is such an *esoteric subject* He has an *esoteric collection of* old toys and games. She has a somewhat *esoteric taste in* clothes.

Fortuitous (/fɔːrˈtuː.ə.t̬əs/)

From: List-5 LUCKY / X UNLUCKY (esp. of something to your advantage) happening by chance Eg: We made a fortuitous escape.

Hapless

From: List-5 LUCKY / X UNLUCKY Unlucky, unfortunate Eg: Hapless victims of earthquakes.

Opportune

From: List-5 LUCKY / X UNLUCKY happening at a time that is likely to produce success or is convenient; favourable or happening a good time. Eg: This seems to be opportune moment for reviving our development plan.

Propitious

From: List-5 LUCKY / X UNLUCKY likely to result in success, or showing signs of success. Eg: It was not a propitious time to start a new business.

Serendipity

From: List-5 LUCKY / X UNLUCKY the fact of finding interesting or valuable things by chance. Eg: Meeting her like that, and there of all places, was truly a serendipity!

Despair

From: List-5 LUCKY / X UNLUCKY the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a difficult or worrying situation. Eg: Their fourth year without rain drove many farmers to despair.

Wretched /ˈretʃ·ɪd/ (a)

From: List-5 LUCKY / X UNLUCKY unpleasant or of low quality = toi tan, toi te Eg: The people live in wretched conditions, with no running water. Workers lived in wretched, overcrowded shacks. a wretched childhood 2. u ru, u sau, sau dau = melancholy, gloomy, glum He looked so ill and wretched as he spoke that he made me feel wretched myself.

Livid

Furiously angry. Eg: Dad will be livid when he finds this out.

Sinister

Giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen. Eg: A sinister-looking man sat in the corner of the room.

Pivot

central and important Eg: She played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement.

Solace (/ˈsɑː.lɪs/) (S or U)

help and comfort when you are feeling sad or worried Eg: When his wife left him, he found solace in the bottle (= drank alcohol).

primary (CN)

in the US, an election in which people choose who will represent a particular party in an election for political office

Avid

extremely eager or interested Eg: He took an avid interest in the project.

Felicity

happiness, luck, or a condition that produces positive results Eg: He told his friends that marriage had brought him a felicity that he had never known before.

Jollity

happy and smiling Eg: She's a very jolly, upbeat sort of a person.

Blithe (/blaɪð/)

happy and unworried = light-hearted = thanh than, vo tu Eg: Everyone loved her for her blithe spirit. She shows a blithe disregard for danger. It was a fairly light-hearted discussion.

Aghast (after verb) əˈɡæst/

suddenly filled with strong feelings of shock and worry, Filled with horror or shock. Eg: He looked at her aghast.

Lithe

young, healthy, attractive, and able to move and bend smoothly Eg: He had the lithe, athletic body of a ballet dancer.

Incense

to cause someone to be extremely angry Eg: The editor said a lot of readers would be incensed by my article on class.

Pacify

to cause someone who is angry or upset to be calm and satisfied Eg: The governor later apologized, but union members weren't pacified.

Polarize (/ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/)

to cause something, especially something that contains different people or opinions, to divide into two completely opposing groups. Eg: The debate is becoming polarized and there seems to be no middle ground. The issue has polarized the nation. Two developments have polarized the debate.

Alleviate

to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe Eg: The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

Benign (/bɪˈnaɪn/)

From List-13 HARMLESS/KIND pleasant and kind; not harmful or severe: Eg: a benign smile His humor was benign, never cruel or hurtful. a benign old lady

Despicable

From List-2 HATE very unpleasant or bad, causing strong feelings of dislike; deserving hate Eg: It was despicable of her to lie about her friend.

Incompatible

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic differences Eg: The printer is incompatible with some PCs.

Befuddle

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE confused Eg: Most of the applicants were befuddled by the wording of one of the questions on the driving test

Baffle

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to cause someone to be completely unable to understand or explain something Eg: I was baffled by many of the scientific terms used in the article.

Confound

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation Eg: An elderly man from Hull has confounded doctors by recovering after he was officially declared dead.

Perplex

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to confuse and worry someone slightly by being difficult to understand or solve Eg: Questions about the meaning of the life have always perplexed humankind.

Bewilder

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to confuse someone Eg: The change in policy seems to have bewildered many of our customers.

Fox

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to confuse someone or be too difficult to be understood by someone Eg: This puzzle has well and truly foxed me!

Stupefy

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to make someone tired and unable to think clearly; to surprise or shock someone very much Eg: Stupefied by tiredness, she just sat in front of the fire. We were so stupefied by the news that we all sat in silence for a long time

Squander

From List-5 SPEND LAVISHLY/ WASTE (-) to waste money or supplies, or to waste opportunities by not using them to your advantage Eg: He squandered all his money on gambling

Clarity

From List-7 CLEAR (BOTH PHYSICALLY AND IN MEANING) clear Eg: The brilliant clarity of his argument could not be disputed

Benevolent

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER kind and helpful Eg: He was a benevolent old man and wouldn't hurt a fly.

Mystical

Of hidden or esoteric meaning. = than bi, huyen bi Eg: Most scholars are puzzled by these mystical theories.

Zealous/ Zest

enthusiastic and eager Eg: a zealous supporter of the government's policies. It's wonderful to see the children's zest for life.

Dexterous /ˈdek.strəs/ --> dexterity /dekˈster.ə.t̬i/

the ability to perform a difficult action quickly and skilfully with the hands, or the ability to think quickly and effectively (= astute = sharp) Eg: He answered the reporters' questions with all the dexterity of a politician. She is admired for her political astuteness. He is a dexterous debater who deals swiftly with interrogators. East Asians are generally dexterous, in part because they grow up eating with chopsticks.

Core

the basic and most important part of something Eg: The lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.

X Onset

the moment at which something unpleasant begins; the beginning of something Eg: An active and healthy life style can delay the onset of disease in later life.

Fringe (CN)

the outer or less important part of an area, group, or activity Eg: Fringe players do not get as much attention as main players do. the southern fringe of the city the radical fringes of the party He attended several of the fringe meetings at the conference.

Predisposition

the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease Eg: There is evidence that a predisposition to(wards) asthma runs in families.

fend for yourself

to take care of and provide for yourself without depending on anyone else: The corporation will no longer receive a government subsidy, and must fend for itself financially.

Prattle

to talk in a silly way or like a child for a long time about things that are not important or without saying anything important noi luyen thuyen, vo van = chatter = prate = blabber Eg: She'd have prattled on about her new job for the whole afternoon if I'd let her.

Fervent /ˈfɝː.vənt/, fervid /fɝː.vɪd/ (a) -> Fervor /ˈfɜː.vər/ or fervency /ˈfɜː.vən.si/) (U)

used to describe beliefs that are strongly and sincerely felt or people who have strong and sincere beliefs = nong nhiet, tha thiet Eg: a *fervent supporter* of the communist party It is his *fervent hope* that a peaceful solution will soon be found. Noun: niem tin manh liet, tha thiet, nong chay The country was swept by patriotic fervor. nationalist/religious fervor

Bleak

(esp. of a place or the weather) cold and not welcoming Eg: It was a bleak, unpleasant day in December. Bleak also means without hope Eg: With no job, the future looked bleak

Chronic

(especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a long time Eg: There is a chronic shortage of water in Bangalore

Seethe

(of a person) be filled with intense but unexpressed anger, to feel very angry but to be unable or unwilling to express it clearly Eg: By the end of the meeting he was seething.

Desolate /ˈdes.əl.ət/

(ppl) extremely sad and feeling alone Eg: When her son left for a year abroad, she felt desolate. (place) A desolate place is empty and not attractive, with no people or nothing pleasant in it: The house stood in a bleak and desolate landscape.

travel (v)

*How long does it take you to travel to and from work?* --> I travel four hours each day to and from work. *get home/ here/ there or get to a place (get to work, get to a party, get to San Diego)* = arrive at a place *How long does it take to travel by train/ car/ bus/ air from Glasgow to London?* *How long does it take you to get home from work?* He travelled over 1,000 miles to be at the wedding. They travelled on the bus to and from work together.

Lament /ləˈment/ (I, T or C)

1. I or T: to express sadness and regret about something Eg: He lamented (over) his students' lack of interest in the classics. Eg: She lamented (over) the loss of her best friend. a song, poem, or other piece of writing that expresses sadness about someone's death The whole play can be interpreted as *a lament for* lost youth.

inventory

1. a detailed list of all the goods and property owned by a person or a business: a *complete/extensive/detailed* inventory *do/make/take an inventory* We need to take a hardware inventory to estimate the hardware upgrade costs. an inventory is taken of characters and figure-types represented on the frieze and their arrangement 2. the amount of goods and materials owned by a company at a particular time, including parts, products being made, and finished products About half of the shop's inventory was damaged in the tornado. Analysts say the company's inventory of unsold cars could last two to three months. a big/large/low inventory

Commute (CN)

= a regular journey between work and home: *How long is your commute to work/ the commute (to work)?* *How much time do you spend commuting?* - The commute is not too bad - just over 1 hr It's at least an hour's commute to work. It's a two-hour commute I have only a short commute to work. Today most commutes are not suburb to city to suburb but from one suburb to another.

proscription (C/U) + ON/ of sth A proscription on indoor smoking was passed by voters last fall. The new rules must not violate the constitutional proscription of unreasonable searches and seizures.

= ban (C) = abolition OF (/ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.ən/) (U) = prohibition (U/C) + ON/ against

balk (/bɑːlk/) at sth

= don't want to do sth or don't allow sth I balked at the prospect of spending four hours on a train with him.

fiasco (/fiˈæs.koʊ/) --> pl: fiascos (UK) or fiascoes (US) (CN)

= failure =debacle /dɪˈbɑː.kəl/ (CN)

illustrious (a) /ɪˈlʌs.tri.əs/

= famed, renowned, famous, prominent, eminent She comes from an illustrious political family that includes two former Cabinet ministers.

heretofore (/ˌhɪr.tuːˈfɔːr/) The opera mixed traditions of moralismwith those of comedy — a practice heretofore unknown among the composer's works — creating a productionthat was not well liked by conservative Viennese

= hitherto = yet = previously

Indolent /ˈɪn.dəl.ənt/

= lazy. showing no real interest or effort Eg: The indolent boy was forced to help out with the chores (a job or piece of work that is often boring or unpleasant but needs to be done regularly) an indolent wave of the hand an indolent reply

antedate (v) (/ˈæn.t̬i.deɪt/)

= predate = have existed/ happened before sth else These cave paintings predate any others which are known. >< postdate (/ˌpoʊstˈdeɪt/) Most manuscripts postdate the stories that have circulated by word of mouth for centuries. They got a pay rise in March that was backdated to January.

quandary (/ˈkwɑːn.dri/)

= predicament = plight = dilemma= difficult situation don't know what to do Few of us can be unmoved by the plight of the refugees. The president is clearly *in a dilemma about/over* how to tackle the crisis. She faces *the dilemma of* disobeying her father or losing the man she loves. a moral/ethical dilemma I've had two job offers, and I'm in a real *quandary about/over* which one to accept.

recapitulation (n) (/ˌriː.kəˌpɪtʃ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/) or recapitulate (v) (/ˌriː.kəˈpɪtʃ.ə.leɪt/)

= recap = sum up/ summarize

well-to-do (a)

= rich = well off

accede to sth

= to agree to do what people have asked you to do: He graciously acceded to our request.

X Nexus

A connection or series of connections linking two or more things. Eg: the nexus between industry and political power

Hackneyed (ˈhæk.nid/)

A hackneyed phrase or idea has been said or used so often that it has become boring and has no meaning = cliched = nham Eg: The plot of the film is just a hackneyed boy-meets-girl scenario.

Predilection (/ˌpred.əlˈek.ʃən/)

A preference or special liking for something; a bias in favour of something. = preference for sth = liking for = penchant for Eg: your predilection for pretty girls Ever since she was a child, she has had *a predilection for* spicy food.

Portent

A sign or warning that a momentous or calamitous event is likely to happen. Eg: many birds are regarded as being portents of death

Parthenon /ˈpɑːr.θə.nɑːn/

A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena

Proclivity (/prəˈklɪv.ə.t̬i/)

A tendency to like sth Eg: the sexual proclivities of celebrities his proclivity for shapely blondes

X Tepid

A tepid reaction is not enthusiastic Eg: I got a tepid response to my suggestion. (of liquid) not very warm, or (of feelings or actions) not very strong Eg: There is only tepid support in Congress for the proposal.

Vivacious

A vivacious person, especially a woman or girl, is attractively energetic and enthusiastic Eg: He brought along his wife, a vivacious blonde, some 20 years his junior.

Prodigy /ˈprɑː.də.dʒi/

A young person with exceptional qualities or abilities. Eg: He read in the paper about a mathematical prodigy who was attending university at the age of twelve.

Propensity

An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way; the fact that someone is likely to behave in a particular way, especially a bad way Eg: I was not always a good person, and there's a part of everyone that has a propensity to do bad.

Industrious

An industrious person works hard Eg: Every employee is expected to be competent and industrious.

Appalling

Causing shock or dismay; horrific. Eg: the cat suffered appalling injuries during the attack

excise

During a three-hour operation six tumours were excised *from* the wall of the patient's stomach. The official censors have excised the controversial sections of the report. this episode is practically excised from the history books in some countries

Abstract

Eg: Most students find this text abstract.

Opprobrium (UN) (/əˈproʊ.bri.əm/)

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME severe criticism and blame Eg: The bombing in the city has attracted international opprobrium.

Stigmatize (/ˈstɪɡ·məˌtɑɪz/) (T)

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of him, her, or it or treat sb disrespectfully Eg: People should not be stigmatized on the basis of race. Gabrielle felt stigmatized in math class because she was not seen as one of "the smart kids."

Obloquy

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME very strong public criticism or blame Eg: His controversial essays have brought him much obloquy.

Calumny /ˈkæl.əm.ni/ C or U

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME = false statement (the act of making) a statement about someone that is not true and is intended to damage the reputation of that person; false statements to damage someone's reputation Eg: He accused the press of publishing vicious calumnies. He was subjected to the most vicious calumny, but he never complained and never sued.

Vigilant

From List-10 ALERT/ X INATTENTIVE always being careful to notice things, especially possible danger Eg: Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant.

Disarm

From List-10 ALERT/ X INATTENTIVE to take weapons away from someone, or to give up weapons or armies Eg: With one movement, she disarmed the man and pinned him against the wall.

X Ennui /ˌɑːnˈwiː/ U

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE a feeling of being bored and mentally tired caused by having nothing interesting or exciting to do = boredom = tedium Eg: The endless lecture produced an unbearable ennui Soldiers often say that the worst thing about fighting is not the moments of terror, but all the hours of tedium in between.

Rapture (/ˈræp.tʃɚ/) (UN)

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement Eg: He listened to the music with an expression of pure rapture on his face. She went into raptures at the news of her success. She was in raptures about/over her first visit to Paris. The prime minister's supporters greeted (=reacted to) her speech with rapture

Spellbinding

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE holding your attention completely Eg: The most spellbinding moment of the trip came towards the end of the week.

Enamored (/ɪˈnæm.ɚd/)

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE liking a lot Eg: I have to say I'm not exactly *enamored with/of* this part of the country.

Delectable /dɪˈlek.tə.bəl/ (a)

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE looking or tasting extremely good, and giving great pleasure; tasty = delicious, delightful, scrumptious (/ˈskrʌmp.ʃəs/) Eg: a delectable cheesecake scrumptious cakes

Infatuated

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE love something greatly; having a very strong but not usually lasting feeling of love or attraction for someone or something Eg: Susan was infatuated with her friend's brother.

Mesmerize

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE to have someone's attention completely so that they cannot think of anything else Eg: I was completely mesmerized by the performance.

Captivate

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE to hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant, or attractive Eg: With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.

Enthrall

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE to keep someone completely interested Eg: He is a star performer whose grace, skill, and virtuosity enthrall the audiences.

Arresting

From List-10 ATTRACT/ FASCINATE very attractive in a way that attracts a lot of attention = attractive = stunning = gorgeous Eg: an arresting-looking woman

Ingenuous (/ɪnˈdʒen.ju.əs/)

From List-10 BEGINNER/ INEXPERIENCED honest, sincere, and trusting, sometimes in a way that seems silly Eg: It has to be said it was rather ingenuous of him to ask a complete stranger to take care of his luggage.

Novel

From List-10 BEGINNER/ INEXPERIENCED new and original, not like anything seen before Eg: Keeping a sheep in the garden is a novel way of keeping the grass short!

Apprentice

From List-10 BEGINNER/ INEXPERIENCED someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills Eg: Most of the Backend work was done by apprentices (like Saheb) under Rohit.

Rookie (/ˈrʊk.i/)

From List-10 BEGINNER/ INEXPERIENCED informal = greenhorn = newbie a person who is new to an organization or an activity Eg: These rookie cops don't know anything yet.

Gallant (/ɡəˈlænt/) (a)

From List-10 BRAVE = brave Eg: She made a gallant effort to win, even if her effort fell short. Despite fierce competition, she made a gallant effort to win the first medal of the championships. = polite, gentlemanly (of a man) polite to women, esp. when in public Eg: He was always charming and gallant toward women.

Chivalry (ˈʃɪv.əl.ri/)

From List-10 BRAVE The combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight, namely courage, honour, courtesy, justice, and a readiness to help the weak. hao hoa phong nha lich thiep phong cach hiep si Eg: Women always admire men who are chivalrous.

Pluck

From List-10 BRAVE courage and a strong wish to succeed Eg: I finally mustered (to produce or encourage something such as an emotion or support) pluck to ask her for a date. She showed a lot of pluck in standing up to her boss.

Intrepid

From List-10 BRAVE extremely brave and showing no fear of dangerous situations Eg: The intrepid reporters braved the threat of gunfire for the sake of their news reports.

Valor /ˈvæl.ər/ (U)

From List-10 BRAVE great bravery Eg: He received the Medal of Honor for his valor in battle.

Undaunted

From List-10 BRAVE not frightened or discouraged, despite problems or lack of success Eg: Undaunted by the cold and the rain, we continued our hike.

Dauntless

From List-10 BRAVE showing determination and no fear Eg: The dauntless reporters saved the lives of hundreds of tourists in the hotel.

Valiant

From List-10 BRAVE very brave or bravely determined, especially when things are difficult or the situation gives no cause for hope Eg: It was a valiant attempt to prevent the hijack.

Audacious /ɑːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/

From List-10 BRAVE = tro tren, to gan, tao bao showing a willingness to take risks or offend people Eg: The Suzuki car maker's audacious goal is to compete with the luxury cars of other manufacturers(BMW).

Irony

From List-10 CONTRADICT ITSELF a situation in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result Eg: The irony (of it) is that the new tax system will burden those it was intended to help.

Paradox

From List-10 CONTRADICT ITSELF a statement or situation that may be true but seems impossible or difficult to understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics Eg: It's a curious paradox that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.

Reprisal

From List-10 COUNTER-ATTACK an act of damage or injury against an enemy in reaction to an act of damage or injury done to you Eg: They did not want to give evidence because of the fear of reprisal.

Retaliate (I) (/rɪˈtæl.i.eɪt/)

From List-10 COUNTER-ATTACK to hurt someone or do something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you: Eg: If someone insults you, don't retaliate as it only makes the situation worse. The terrorists retaliated against the government with a bomb attack.

Protract T /prəˈtrækt/

From List-10 DELAY/ POSTPONE lasting for a long time or made to last longer than necessary Eg: I have no desire to protract the process. Their guest did not protract his stay an hour longer.

Defer

From List-10 DELAY/ POSTPONE to delay something until a later time Eg: You can order the furniture now and defer payment until September.

Adjourn

From List-10 DELAY/ POSTPONE to have a pause or rest during a formal meeting or trial Eg: The trial has been adjourned until next week.

Procrastinate

From List-10 DELAY/ POSTPONE to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring Eg: I know I've got to deal with the problem at some point - I'm just procrastinating.

Infamous

From List-10 DISREPUTE/ BAD REPUTATION The quality of being famous for something considered bad Eg: He's infamous for his bigoted sense of humour.

Notorious

From List-10 DISREPUTE/ BAD REPUTATION famous for something bad Eg: The company is notorious for paying its bills late.

Ignominy

From List-10 DISREPUTE/ BAD REPUTATION public embarrassment Eg: The incumbent (officially having the named position - ng co chuc vu) party experienced the ignominy of total defeat in the last election.

Nefarious

From List-10 DISREPUTE/ BAD REPUTATION /nəˈfer.i.əs/ (especially of activities) morally bad Eg: It's getting as profitable as selling dangerous illegal drugs, and many nefarious people are getting involved.

Melodramatic /ˌmel.ə.drəˈmæt̬.ɪk/

From List-10 DRAMATIC BEHAVIOUR tending to behave or show emotion in ways that are more extreme than usual: = lam lo, lam qua, lo lang = histrionic (/ˌhɪs.triˈɑː.nɪk/) (lam qua va khong duoc chan thanh lam) Eg: I've always been a little melodramatic. a histrionic outburst She put on a histrionic display of grief at the funeral.

Histrionic (a) (/ˌhɪs.triˈɑː.nɪk/) --> histrionics (UN)

From List-10 DRAMATIC BEHAVIOUR = dramatic (a) or drama (CN) overly dramatic behavior; very emotional and energetic, but not sincere or without real meaning Eg: She was used to her mother's histrionics.

Abash

From List-10 EMBARRASS embarrassed Eg: She was somewhat abashed when I pointed out that I had already done so in 1997!

Embarrass

From List-10 EMBARRASS to cause someone to feel anxious, ashamed, or uncomfortable Eg: He knew that letter would embarrass him and later he tried to get rid of it.

Mortify

From List-10 EMBARRASS to make someone very embarrassed Eg: He's mortified by the fact that at 38 he still lives at home with his mother.

Discomfit /dɪˈskʌm.fɪt/

From List-10 EMBARRASS to make someone feel uncomfortable, especially mentally = disconcert = lam boi roi Eg: He was not discomfited by the unusual request.

Illicit

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL illegal or disapproved of by society Eg: illicit drugs such as cocaine and cannabis

Fallacious

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL not correct Eg: His argument is based on fallacious reasoning

Phony

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL represented as real but actually false; intended to deceive Eg: They were accused of submitting phony claims to insurers, including Medicare.

Specious

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL seeming to be right or true, but really wrong or false Eg: His arguments and specious comparisons are bogus and not worth seriously entertaining.

Sham

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL something that is not what it seems to be and is intended to deceive people, or someone who pretends to be something they are not Eg: It turned out that he wasn't a real doctor at all - he was just a sham.

Sophistry

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL the clever use of arguments that seem true but are really false, in order to deceive people Eg: It was basically a selfish act, though no doubt a sophist would argue that it was done for the general good.

Dubious (/ˈduː.bi.əs/)

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL thought not to be completely true or not able to be trusted Eg: These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven. I'm dubious about his promises to change his ways. (doubtful, suspicious of)

Fabricate

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL to invent or produce something false in order to deceive someone Eg: He claims that the police fabricated evidence against him.

Erstaz

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL used instead of something else, usually because the other thing is too expensive or rare Eg: I'm allowed to eat ersatz chocolate made from carob beans, but it's a poor substitute for the real thing.

Spurious /ˈspjʊr.i.əs/

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL = false based on false reasoning or information that is not true, and therefore not to be trusted Eg: They made spurious claims of personal injury.

Apocryphal /əˈpɑː.krə.fəl/

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL = not true = fake = far-fetched An apocryphal story is probably not true although it is often told and believed by some people to have happened Eg: It's a good story but I dare say it's apocryphal Stories of the apocalypse are a little apocryphal

Erroneous /əˈroʊ.ni.əs/

From List-10 FAKE/ FALSE/ DOUBTFUL similar to apocryphal, fer-fetched based on false information and therefore wrong; false Eg: The reporter's erroneous story was corrected by a new article that stated the truth.

Mendacity (menˈdæs.ə.t̬i/)

From List-10 FALSEHOOD the act of not telling the truth Eg: Politicians are often accused of mendacity.

Perjury

From List-10 FALSEHOOD the crime of telling lies in court when you have promised to tell the truth Eg: She was sentenced to two years in jail for committing perjury.

Prevaricate

From List-10 FALSEHOOD to avoid telling the truth or saying exactly what you think Eg: He accused the minister of prevaricating.

X Veracity /vɚˈæs.ə.t̬i/ (U)

From List-10 FALSEHOOD = truthfulness the quality of being true, honest, or accurate Eg: He was not noted for his veracity. Jut because people do not note you for your veracity, it does not mean you are not veracious (/vəˈreɪ.ʃəs/)

Initimidate

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE

Craven

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE extremely cowardly (= not brave) Eg: The government is too craven to prosecute the guilty millionaires and corporations.

Trepidation /ˌtrep.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/ U

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE fear or worry about what is going to happen Eg: The sailors viewed the gathering storm clouds with trepidation.

Petrify

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE to frighten someone a lot, especially so that they are unable to move or speak Eg: I think you petrified poor Frazer - he never said a word the whole time you were here.

Cower

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE to lower your head or body in fear, often while moving backwards Eg: Stop cowering! I'm not going to hit you.

Flinch

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE to make a sudden small movement because of pain or fear Eg: He didn't even flinch when the nurse cleaned the wound.

Daunt

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something Eg: She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem.

Shrink

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE to move away from someone or something because you are frightened Eg: The child shrank behind the sofa as his father shouted at him.

Pusillanimous /ˌpjuː.sɪˈlæn.ə.məs/

From List-10 FEARFUL/ LACKING CONFIDENCE weak and cowardly (= not brave); frightened of taking risks Eg: He's too pusillanimous to stand up to his opponents.

Coherent

From List-10 FLUENT/ CLEAR Coherent also means expressing yourself clearly Eg: He is able to speak coherently about politics.

Atriculate

From List-10 FLUENT/ CLEAR able to express thoughts and feelings easily and clearly, or showing this quality Eg: She gave a witty, entertaining, and articulate speech.

Eloquent

From List-10 FLUENT/ CLEAR giving a clear, strong message Eg: He was eloquent when it came to addressing his office colleagues.

x Labored/ Laboured

From List-10 FLUENT/ CLEAR not spontaneous or fluent. Eg: The movie looks labored and slow by today's standards.

* Glib

From List-10 FLUENT/ CLEAR speaking or spoken in a confident way, but without careful thought or honesty Eg: No one was convinced by his glib answers/explanations.

Enunciate (/ɪˈnʌn.si.eɪt/)

From List-10 FLUENT/ CLEAR to pronounce words or parts of words clearly Eg: She enunciated each word slowly and carefully. to express and explain a plan or principle clearly or formally Eg: In the speech, the leader enunciated his party's proposals for tax reform.

Legitimate /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/

From List-10 GENUINE allowed according to law, or reasonable and acceptable Eg: It seemed like a perfectly legitimate question.

X Factitious

From List-10 GENUINE artificial rather than natural Eg: Bollywood actresses often shed factitious tears by using glycerine.

Authentic

From List-10 GENUINE being what it is claimed to be; genuine Eg: How can we be sure the signature is authentic?

X Counterfeit

From List-10 GENUINE made to look like the original of something, usually for dishonest or illegal purposes Eg: This watch may be a counterfeit, but it looks just like the original.

Veritable

From List-10 GENUINE used to describe something as another, more exciting, interesting, or unusual thing, as a way of emphasizing its character Eg: My garden had become a veritable jungle by the time I came back from holiday

Bleak (/bliːk/) (a)

From List-10 GLOOMY/ DARK ( the weather) cold and not welcoming. (place): empty, not welcoming Eg: It was a bleak, unpleasant day in December. The house stands on a bleak, windswept hilltop. Bleak also means without hope Eg: With no job, the future looked bleak.

Gloomy

From List-10 GLOOMY/ DARK dark in a way that is unpleasant and makes it difficult to see Eg: What gloomy weather we're having! having or showing a lack of hope Eg: Despite gloomy predictions, the stock market remains strong. a gloomy economic forecast The vet is rather gloomy about my cat's chances of recovery.

Somber/ Sombre

From List-10 GLOOMY/ DARK serious and sad in appearance or feeling Eg: The funeral was a sombre occasion. Somber colors or clothes are dark and plain Eg: Koch wore his somber blue suit.

Atypical

From List-10 ILLOGICAL/ STRANGE different from all others of the same type Eg: In time, the patient may express atypical personality disorders.

Outlandish

From List-10 ILLOGICAL/ STRANGE strange and unusual and difficult to accept or like Eg: She liked to dress in outlandish clothes.

Uncanny

From List-10 ILLOGICAL/ STRANGE strange or mysterious; difficult or impossible to explain Eg: Her predictions turned out to be uncannily accurate.

Absurd

From List-10 ILLOGICAL/ STRANGE stupid and unreasonable, or silly in a humorous way; really silly, absolutely ridiculous, or total nonsense Eg: The student have this absurd excuse that the dog ate his homework.

Ludicrous (/ˈluː.də.krəs/)

From List-10 ILLOGICAL/ STRANGE stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at Eg: He looked ludicrous in that suit! a ludicrous idea/suggestion = preposterous, silly, ridiculous

Preposterous

From List-10 ILLOGICAL/ STRANGE very silly or stupid Eg: It was a preposterous idea, and no one took it seriously.

Bizarre

From List-10 ILLOGICAL/ STRANGE very strange and unusual Eg: Unpredictable behavior is often considered bizarre.

Callow /ˈkæl.oʊ/

From List-10 IMMATURE Someone, especially a young person, who is callow behaves in a way that shows they have little experience, confidence, or judgment Eg: Mark was just a callow youth of 16 when he arrived in Paris.

Peurile /ˈpjuː.ɚ.ɪl/

From List-10 IMMATURE behaving in a silly way, not like an adult = childish = juvenile Eg: I find his sense of humour rather puerile.

Indigenous

From List-10 NATIVE/ LOCAL naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place Eg: So who are the indigenous people of this land?

X Exotic

From List-10 NATIVE/ LOCAL unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country Eg: She has rather a penchant for exotic clothes.

Maze

From List-10 PUZZLING a complicated and confusing network of passages Eg: He felt like a rat in a maze.

Conundrum

From List-10 PUZZLING a problem that is difficult to deal with Eg: Astronomers have proposed two solutions to this conundrum.

Inscrutable

From List-10 PUZZLING not showing emotions or thoughts and therefore very difficult to understand or get to know; very difficult to understand or get to know Eg: The killer left no clues, and the murder remains an inscrutable mystery.

Labyrinth

From List-10 PUZZLING something that is very confusing Eg: Finally, through a labyrinth of corridors she found his office.

Intrigue

From List-10 PUZZLING to interest someone, often because of an unusual or unexpected quality Eg: I was intrigued by his slow, deliberate way of talking and the serious look in his eyes.

Garble

From List-10 PUZZLING to make words or messages unclear and difficult to understand Eg: The sentence is so garbled that you have to sort each word, trying to figure out what everything means.

Cryptic

From List-10 PUZZLING = enigmatic mysterious and difficult to understand Eg: I got a cryptic text message from Sam.

Enigma (/əˈnɪɡ.mə/) (CN)

From List-10 PUZZLING = mystery something/ sb that is mysterious and seems impossible to understand completely Eg: To me, he has always been an enigma - one minute completely insensitive, the next moved to tears. She is something of an enigma. The newspapers were full of stories about the enigma of the plane's disappearance.

Curt

From List-10 RUDE If someone's manner or speech is curt, it is rude as a result of being very quick Eg: He sent a curt, one-sentence letter of resignation to the mayor.

Boor

From List-10 RUDE a person who is rude and does not consider other people's feelings Eg: If you answer the question rudely, you would come across as a Boor.

Brusque

From List-10 RUDE quick and rude in manner or speech Eg: "I don't have time to deal with it today," she said brusquely.

Terse (/tɝːs/)

From List-10 RUDE using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude or unfriendly Eg: "Are you feeling any better?" "No!" was the terse reply.

Reserved

From List-10 SHY/ INTROVERT Reserved people do not often talk about or show their feelings or thoughts Eg: a quiet, reserved woman

Coy

From List-10 SHY/ INTROVERT acting shy, uncertain, or unwilling to say much, often in order to increase interest in something by keeping back information about it Eg: She's very coy about her age.

Timorous

From List-10 SHY/ INTROVERT nervous and without much confidence Eg: She started delivering her speech with a timorous tone.

Timid

From List-10 SHY/ INTROVERT shy and nervous; without much confidence; easily frightened Eg: My dog is a little timid - especially around other dogs.

Introvert

From List-10 SHY/ INTROVERT someone who is shy, quiet, and unable to make friends easily Eg: He was described as an introvert, a reserved man who spoke little.

Diffidence

From List-10 SHY/ INTROVERT the quality of being shy and not confident of your abilities Eg: With habitual diffidence, she handed a new manuscript to me.

Retiring

From List-10 SHY/ INTROVERT unwilling to be noticed or to be with other people Eg: He's a shy, retiring sort of person.

Inadvertent

From List-10 UNINTENTIONALLY not intentional Eg: He inadvertently deleted the file.

Unwitting

From List-10 UNINTENTIONALLY without knowing or planning Eg: The two women claimed they were the unwitting victims of a drug dealer who planted a large quantity of heroin in their luggage.

Epidemic (a or cn)

From List-10 WIDESPREAD (-) (a) (a disease, condition or sth bad) happening a lot and affecting *many people* = widespread, rampant (cn): a disease happening a lot and affecting *many people* endemic (a): especially of a disease or a condition, regularly found and very common among *a particular group or in a particular area* Eg: Crime and poverty are epidemic in the city. Poverty in this country has reached epidemic proportions . a flu epidemic. Malaria is *endemic in* many of the hotter regions of the world. The disease is *endemic among* British sheep/to many British flocks. There is endemic racism/poverty/violence in many of the country's cities. Some of these problems are *endemic to* big US cities.

X Endemic

From List-10 WIDESPREAD (-) (esp. of a disease or social condition) found particularly in a specific area or group Eg: Some of these problems are endemic to big US cities.

Pandemic

From List-10 WIDESPREAD (-) a dangerous disease that infects many people at one time Eg: In some parts of the world malaria is still pandemic.

Rampant

From List-10 WIDESPREAD (-) happening a lot or becoming worse, usually in a way that is out of control Eg: Corruption is rampant in the central government.

Underlings (/ˈʌn.dɚ.lɪŋ/)

From List-10 WORKING UNDER ANOTHER a person of low rank and little authority who works for someone more important Eg: She surrounded herself with underlings who were too afraid of her to answer back. Just because you are an underling, it does not mean you don't deserve to be treated with respect.

Subordinate

From List-10 WORKING UNDER ANOTHER having a lower or less important position, a person who has a less important position than you in an organization Eg: The general manager provides advice to subordinate managers on work and policy matters.

Mannered

From List-11 ARTIFICIAL/ PRETENSE A mannered style of speech or behaviour is artificial, or intended to achieve a particular effect Eg: His performance as Hamlet was criticized for being very mannered.

Contrived

From List-11 ARTIFICIAL/ PRETENSE artificial and difficult to believe = flimsy but broader Eg: I enjoyed the film, but felt the ending was a bit contrived His excuse sounded a bit contrived.

Affected

From List-11 ARTIFICIAL/ PRETENSE artificial and not sincere; pretended. Eg: an affected manner/style of writing I found her very affected.

Posture

From List-11 ARTIFICIAL/ PRETENSE to act in a pretended manner Eg: He kept posturing, as if he did not know about the matter at all.

Pretentious

From List-11 ARTIFICIAL/ PRETENSE trying to appear or sound more important or clever than you are, especially in matters of art and literature Eg: The novel deals with grand themes, but is never heavy or pretentious.

X Oblivious

From List-11 AWARE/ X UNAWARE not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you = unaware of sth Eg: Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings. + of/ to sth The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.

Cognizant /ˈkɑːɡ.nɪ.zənt/

From List-11 AWARE/ X UNAWARE Understanding or realizing something = aware Eg: He was *cognizant of* the difficulty involved in the project.

Archetype

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE a typical example of something, or the original model of something from which others are copied Eg: The United States is the archetype of a federal (A federal system of government consists of a group of regions that are controlled by a central government) society.

Paradigm

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE a very clear or typical example used as a model = archetype = exemplar Eg: The war was a paradigm of the destructive side of human nature. The United States is the archetype of a federal society.

* Prototype

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed Eg: Scientists have developed a working prototype for a voice translation machine.

Epitome

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE the typical or highest example of a stated quality, as shown by a particular person or thing Eg: Even now in her sixties, she is the epitome of French elegance.

Exemplify

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE to be or give a typical example of something Eg: This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.

Embody

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE to represent a quality or an idea exactly Eg: She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field.

Apotheosis /əˌpɑː.θiˈoʊ.sɪs/ (C usually singular)--> plural: /əˌpɑː.θiˈoʊ.siːz/

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE 1. = peak the best or most extreme example of something Eg: Most people agree that her acting career *achieved its apotheosis* in this movie. Bad taste in clothes *reached its apotheosis* in the 1970s. 2. making sb into a god The movie depicts *the apotheosis of* Moses

Paragon /ˈper.ə.ɡɑːn/

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE = mau muc, chuan muc (ng or vat) a person or thing that is perfect or has an extremely large amount of a particular good characteristic Eg: In the novel, Constanza is a paragon of virtue (a good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of being morally good)

Personify /pɚˈsɑː.nə.faɪ/

From List-11 BEST EXAMPLE to be a person who is a perfect example of a thing or quality These louts personify all that is wrong with our society today. Eg: Chris Gayle personifies the Caribbean approach to cricket.

Behest

From List-11 FLATTER/ BEG a request Eg: Congress adopted the budget resolution at the behest of the president.

Entreaty /ɪnˈtriː.t̬i/

From List-11 FLATTER/ BEG an attempt to persuade someone to do something; a serious request Eg: She refused to become involved with him despite his passionate entreaties.

Supplicate

From List-11 FLATTER/ BEG to ask for something in a humble way Eg: He supplicated her girlfriend to get back to him after cheating on her.

Beseech /bɪˈsiːtʃ/

From List-11 FLATTER/ BEG to ask for something in a way that shows you need it very much Eg: Let him go, I beseech you! Don't f**k Alisha, I beseech you! Please, don't.

Implore

From List-11 FLATTER/ BEG to ask someone in a determined, sincere, and sometimes emotional way to do or not to do something, or to ask for something in this way; beg humbly Eg: She implored him not to leave her.

Importune /ˌɪm.pɔːrˈtuːn/ (T)

From List-11 FLATTER/ BEG to make repeated, forceful requests for something, usually in a way that is annoying or causing slight problems: Eg: As a tourist, you are *importuned for* money the moment you step outside your hotel. = nan ni, doi dai to ask for sex with someone in return for payment = ga gam Eg: He was arrested for importuning a young boy outside the station

Compulsion

From List-11 FORCE/ PUT PRESSURE a very strong feeling of wanting to do something repeatedly that is difficult to control Eg: For many people, dieting is a compulsion. He seems to be driven by some kind of inner compulsion.

Compel

From List-11 FORCE/ PUT PRESSURE to force someone to do something Eg: At school, we were compelled to wear uniforms, which I hated.

Extort /ɪkˈstɔːrt/ v

From List-11 FORCE/ PUT PRESSURE to get something by force or threats, or with difficulty Eg: The gang is accused of extorting money *from* local store owners. Police have not so far been able to extort a confession *from* the people accused of the bombing.

Goad

From List-11 FORCE/ PUT PRESSURE to make a person or an animal react or do something by continuously annoying or upsetting them Eg: The runner was *goaded on* by his desire to keep up with the others. She seemed determined to *goad him into* a fight. He refused to *be goaded by their insults.* A group of children were goading (= laughing at or pushing) another child in the school playground.

Coerce

From List-11 FORCE/ PUT PRESSURE to persuade someone forcefully to do something that he or she may not want to do Eg: The police might use coercion to get a confession.

X Dissuade

From List-11 FORCE/ PUT PRESSURE to persuade someone not to do something Eg: I tried to dissuade her from leaving.

Press

From List-11 FORCE/ PUT PRESSURE to try hard to persuade someone to do something Eg: The committee pressed him *to reveal/ into revealing* more information. He's pressing *me for* an answer. Can I press you further *on* (= persuade you to say more about) *this issue*? = pressure She was pressured into joining/ to join the club/ into sth. (sth they do not want to do)

Catharsis (C or U) (/kəˈθɑːr.sɪs/) --> catharses (pl)/kəˈθɑːr.siːz/

From List-11 GET RID OF/ CLEANSE 1. su giai toa cam xuc (U) the process of releasing strong emotions through a particular activity or experience, such as writing or theatre, in a way that helps you to understand those emotions Eg: Music and TV shows are a means of catharsis for me 2. trai nghiem giup ta giai toa cam xuc. (C) It's the director's hope that Germans who see his movie will *go through a catharsis* similar to his own.

Purge

From List-11 GET RID OF/ CLEANSE to rid a group or organization of unwanted people Eg: They purged the senior ranks of the department by offering them generous retirement packages. to remove something bad or wrong Eg: The system is designed to purge impurities from the city's drinking water.

Expurgate /ˈek.spɚ.ɡeɪt/ (T)

From List-11 GET RID OF/ CLEANSE tip: to purge the bad content to remove parts of a piece of writing that are considered likely to cause offence Eg: On TV, if you hear some words beeped out, those words have been expurgated. The book was expurgated to make it suitable for children.

Astray adv

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK away from the correct path or correct way of doing something Eg: Her parents worried that she might be led astray (= encouraged to behave badly) by her unsuitable friends. The letter must have gone astray in the post. I was led astray by an out-of-date map.

Divergent

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK different from each other Eg: The two have remained friends, even as they have taken divergent paths.

Awry /əˈraɪ/ (a after verb) (adv)

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK not in the intended manner, or in the wrong position, or wrong Eg: Anything that *goes awry* (= goes wrong) in the office is blamed on Pete. The strike has *sent* the plans for investment seriously *awry* She rushed in, her face red and sweaty and her hat awry.

Discursive /dɪˈskɝː.sɪv/

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK talking about or dealing with subjects that are only slightly connected with the main subject for longer than necessary = lan man, khong di vao van de chinh Eg: a discursive writer/speech 2. involving discussion a discursive essay

Digress (v) (/daɪˈɡres/)

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK to move away from the main subject you are writing or talking about and to write or talk about something else Eg: The lecturer temporarily *digressed from* her subject to deal with a related theory. sidetrack = direct a person's attention from the main topic/ an activity to sth less important Ruth was looking for an envelope in a drawer when she was sidetracked by some old letters. The students sidetracked their teacher into talking about her hobby. I'm sorry I'm late - I got sidetracked.

Ramble

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK to talk or write in a confused way, often for a long time Eg: Sorry, I'm rambling (on) - let me get back to the point. (especially of a plant) to go in many different directions Eg: An old clematis rambles over the garden wall.

Desultory

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK without a clear plan or purpose and showing little effort or interest Eg: He wandered (to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction) around, cleaning up in a desultory way.

Tangential (/tænˈdʒen.ʃəl/)

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK = ben le, khong lien quan = irrelevant = extraneous. (of a subject or activity) different than the one you are talking about or doing = a tangential issue Eg: Although interesting, Christina's point was *tangential/ extraneous to* the discussion.

Circuitous /sɝːˈkjuː.ə.t̬əs/

From List-11 GO OFF-TRACK not straight or direct; roundabout Eg: He took us on a circuitous route to the hotel. a *circuitous route/path* a circuitous (= long and indirect) *explanation* A lot of people can provide explanation but many give circuitous ones Instead of taking a direct route, my driver takes a circuitous route.

Landmark

From List-11 IMPORTANT MARK a building or place that is easily recognized, esp. one that you can use to judge where you are Eg: I couldn't pick out any familiar landmarks in the dark and got completely lost. The invention of the silicon chip is a landmark in the history of technology.

Hallmark (C) /ˈhɑːl.mɑːrk/

From List-11 IMPORTANT MARK a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing Eg: Simplicity is a hallmark of this design. This explosion *bears/has all the hallmarks of* (*= is likely to have been*) a terrorist attack.

Watershed (N (singular) or adj bef n) /ˈwɑː.t̬ɚ.ʃed/

From List-11 IMPORTANT MARK an event or period that is important because it represents a big change in *how people do or think about something* = milestone: an important event in the development or history of *something or in someone's life*: Eg: The year 1969 was a watershed in her life - she changed her career and remarried. a *watershed event/moment* The discovery of penicillin was a *watershed in the history of medicine*. The buyout was hailed on Wall Street as a *watershed for* private equity. The pay agreement was a *watershed in* the development of the company's labour relations system. Last year witnessed a watershed change for American business. 2020 was a watershed year in my life - I got to know who the people I thought I knew really was. They are *****.

Milestone

From List-11 IMPORTANT MARK an important event in the development or history of something or in someone's life Eg: We've been married now for 20 years, a real milestone.

Noxious

From List-11 IMPURE/ POISONOUS Something, especially a gas or other substance, that is noxious is poisonous or very harmful Eg: They died from inhaling noxious fumes.

Toxic

From List-11 IMPURE/ POISONOUS poisonous Eg: The company has cut toxic chemicals from its printing process.

Vitiate /ˈvɪʃ.i.eɪt/

From List-11 IMPURE/ POISONOUS to destroy or damage something Eg: He said that American military power should never again be vitiated by political concerns.

Adulterate

From List-11 IMPURE/ POISONOUS to make food or drink weaker or to lower its quality, by adding something else Eg: There were complaints that the beer had been adulterated with water.

Contaminate

From List-11 IMPURE/ POISONOUS to make something less pure or make it poisonous Eg: The disease can be caused by a variety of viruses, bacteria, and other small organisms that contaminate food or water.

Innate

From List-11 INBORN/ FIRMLY FIXED An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned Eg: Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness.

Entrenched

From List-11 INBORN/ FIRMLY FIXED Entrenched ideas are so fixed or have existed for so long that they cannot be changed Eg: Having turkey on Thanksgiving is a tradition that's entrenched *in American culture*. It's very difficult to change attitudes that have become so *deeply entrenched* over the years. The organization was often criticized for being too *entrenched in its views*.

Intrinsic

From List-11 INBORN/ FIRMLY FIXED basic to a thing, being an important part of making it what it is Eg: Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.

Inherent

From List-11 INBORN/ FIRMLY FIXED existing as a natural and permanent quality of something or someone Eg: The drug has certain inherent side effects.

Congenital /kənˈdʒen.ə.t̬əl/

From List-11 INBORN/ FIRMLY FIXED = innate = hereditary /həˈred.ə.ter.i/ = genetic = bam sinh, di truyen A congenital disease or condition exists at or from birth Eg: Half of all fetuses with the syndrome have a congenital heart defect.

Savant (/səˈvɑːnt/) or (/sævˈɑːnt/) or (ˈsav(ə)nt)

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE a person with a high level of knowledge or skill, especially someone who is less able in other ways, a person of great learning or natural ability. Eg: There are musical savants who are very awkward physically - until they sit at the piano.

Discriminating

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE able to judge the quality of something based on its difference from other, similar things Eg: They're discriminating shoppers. a discriminating music lover discriminating buyers/shoppers/ audience/ customers They are very discriminating about what restaurants they go to.

Astute

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE able to understand a situation quickly and see how to take advantage of it (nhay ben, thong minh) = shrewd = sharp Eg: He was politically astute, and was soon appointed to a number of powerful committees in Congress. an astute investor/businesswoman his astute handling of the situation an astute observer of human behaviour

Prudent

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE careful and avoiding risks Eg: It's always prudent to read a contract carefully before signing it.

Judicious

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE having or showing reason and good judgment in making decisions Eg: We should make judicious use of the resources available to us.

Discerning

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE showing good judgment, especially about style and quality Eg: The discerning customer will recognize this as a high quality product.

Acumen

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics Eg: His business acumen helped him to succeed where others had failed.

Acuity (n) (/əˈkjuː.ə.t̬i/)

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE the ability to hear, see, or think accurately and clearly = do tinh tuom Eg: Tiredness also affects visual acuity.

Sage

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE wise, especially as a result of great experience Eg: He was famous for his sage advice to younger workers. my sage old grandfather

X Impolitic /ɪmˈpɑː.lə.t̬ɪk/ (a)

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE = inappropriate If words or actions are impolitic, they are unwise and likely to cause offence or problems, especially in social situations Eg: I thought it is impolitic to ask any questions about her ex-husband.

Insightful

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE = sau sac showing a clear and usually original understanding of a complicated problem or situation Eg: He was, of course, very funny and insightful. an insightful historian One particular author seems to be more insightful than the rest. She provides a clear and insightful account of the events. She has *written an insightful account* of the modern art world.

Perceptive /pərˈseptɪv/

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE = sau sac = insightful or tinh tuom, nhay ben very good at noticing and understanding things that many people do not notice Eg: Her books are full of perceptive insights into the human condition. a highly perceptive comment It was very *perceptive of you* to notice that. The article gives a perceptive analysis of the way bureaucracies work.

Perspicacious ˌpɝː.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE = smart, thong minh sang suot quick in noticing, understanding, or judging things accurately Eg: His perspicacious grandfather had bought the land as an investment, guessing that there might be gold underground. a perspicacious remark He was perspicacious enough to realize that things were soon going to change.

Sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/

From List-11 INTELLIGENT/ WISE = smart, wise, intelligent having or showing understanding and the ability to make good judgments Eg: a sagacious person/comment/choice

Temporal

From List-11 NOT SACRED/ WORLDLY connected with the real physical world, not spiritual matters Eg: Although spiritual leader of millions of people, the Pope has no temporal power.

Secular (/ˈsek.jə.lɚ/)

From List-11 NOT SACRED/ WORLDLY not having any connection with religion Eg: We live in an increasingly secular society, in which religion has less and less influence on our daily lives.

Urge

From List-11 PERSUADE a strong wish, especially one that is difficult or impossible to control Eg: The two of them seem unable to control their sexual urges. to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing Eg: Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately.

Cogent

From List-11 PERSUADE persuasive and well expressed = mach lac, chat che, coherent, thuyet phuc Eg: He makes a cogent argument for improving early childhood education.

Coax

From List-11 PERSUADE to persuade someone gently to do something or go somewhere, by being kind and patient, or by appearing to be Eg: He has some information I want, so I'm going to try to coax it out of him over a drink.

Induce

From List-11 PERSUADE to persuade someone to do something Eg: They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom. Nothing could induce me (= I definitely cannot be persuaded) to climb a mountain/ride a bike/ to stay in the US with a job with a annual salary of 50,000. I have to sacrifice a lot.

Cajole /kəˈdʒoʊl/ v I or T

From List-11 PERSUADE to persuade someone to do something they might not want to do, by pleasant talk and (sometimes false) promises Eg: The salesman will *cajole* the couple *into* buying the house. I managed to *cajole* her *out of* leaving too early. The most effective technique is to cajole rather than to threaten.

Exhort (/ɪɡˈzɔːrt/) sb TO do sth

From List-11 PERSUADE to strongly encourage or persuade someone to do something Eg: She exhorted all of us to do our very best. A good/ adept/ proficient/ competent leader exhort the team to do their best.

Wheedle

From List-11 PERSUADE to try to persuade someone to do something or give you something by praising them or being intentionally charming Eg: She's one of those children who can wheedle you into giving her anything she wants.

* Woo /wuː/ (T)

From List-11 PERSUADE 1. cheo keo khac (woo = cheer for sb to support you) to try to persuade someone to support you Eg: The airline has been offering discounted tickets to *woo passengers away from* their competitors. The party has been trying to *woo the voters with* promises of electoral reform. 2. If a man woos a woman, he gives her a lot of attention in an attempt to persuade her to marry him Eg: He wooed her for months with flowers and expensive presents.

Enjoin /ɪnˈdʒɔɪn/ (T)

From List-11 PERSUADE A. to order or strongly advise somebody to do something; to say that a particular action or quality is necessary 1. enjoin sb to do sth The code enjoined members to trade fairly. 2. enjoin sth: He enjoined (= suggested) caution. 3. sth is enjoined on sb: Fasting is enjoined on believers as a religious duty. B. enjoin sb from doing sth = legally prevent sb from doing sth The prosecutor's office hopes the court will enjoin the city from enforcing the law. Eg: The doctor enjoined a strict diet to the patient.

Distort

From List-11 SPOIL/ DISFIGURE to change the shape of something so that it looks strange or unnatural Eg: The map distorted Greenland to appear four times its actual size.

Deface

From List-11 SPOIL/ DISFIGURE to intentionally spoil the appearance of something by writing on or marking it Eg: He was fined for defacing library books.

Mar

From List-11 SPOIL/ DISFIGURE to spoil something, making it less good or less enjoyable Eg: It was a really nice day, marred only by a little argument in the car on the way home.

Warp (v)

From List-11 SPOIL/ DISFIGURE 1. I/T: (of a surface or hard material) to bend or twist so that the surface is no longer flat or straight. *water/ heat* warps sth Eg: Window frames had begun to warp. Water poured in, ruining carpets, warping walls, destroying wiring. After being left in the damp garage, the wooden frame had warped. The heat had warped the boards. to make a person or their behaviour strange, in an unpleasant or harmful way = lam lech lac (tinh than, hanh vi) Eg: Prison warps people. Had it warped Kelley enough that he would kill a stranger?

Tarnish

From List-11 SPOTTED/ STAINED (of metal surfaces) to make or to become less bright or a different color Eg: Silver tarnishes easily. to make people think that someone or something is less good Eg: By this time a series of scandals had severely tarnished the candidate's image/reputation.

Blemish (C or U or T)

From List-11 SPOTTED/ STAINED a mark or fault that spoils the appearance of someone or something Eg: Makeup can cover up your skin blemishes. A blemish can also be a mistake or fault Eg: Only one blemish spoiled her school record. to spoil something Eg: This latest revelation has seriously blemished the governor's reputation.

Debase

From List-11 SPOTTED/ STAINED to reduce in quality or value Eg: Television is often blamed for debasing American politics.

Sully

From List-11 SPOTTED/ STAINED to spoil something that is pure or someone's perfect reputation; to make something dirty Eg: His reputation, he said, had been unfairly sullied by half-truths and innuendos ((the making of) a remark or remarks that suggest something sexual or something unpleasant but do not refer to it directly)

Taint

From List-11 SPOTTED/ STAINED to spoil something, especially food or blood, by adding a harmful substance, or to spoil people's opinion of someone Eg: His reputation was permanently tainted by the financial scandal. He warned of toxins such as mercury tainting some fish.

Imbecile

From List-11 STUPID/FOOLISH a person who behaves in an extremely stupid way: What an imbecile that boy is! Tip: sounds like IMBALANCE....a person having imbalance in his mind is a stupid person....

Inane /ɪˈneɪn/

From List-11 STUPID/FOOLISH extremely silly or lacking real meaning or importance = silly = nonsensical = preposterous = nham nhi, tam phao, khung dien Eg: I have never heard anything as inane as what just came out of your mouth. There are so many inane programs on television! Tip: Remember the word insane. Insane person doesnt have a mind to think and understand and hence he is void.

Asinine

From List-11 STUPID/FOOLISH foolish Example: It is surprising that supposedly intelligent people can make such asinine statements. Tip: if u get NINE out of ASI(80) u r surely an ASININE(stupid)

Fatuous (/ˈfætʃ.u.əs/)

From List-11 STUPID/FOOLISH foolish or done without thinking: Example: She is far too intelligent to utter such fatuous remarks. Tip: remembles FAT ASSS an ass is considered foolish

Oafish

From List-11 STUPID/FOOLISH stupid, rude, or awkward: Eg: oafish behaviour an oafish young man

Obtuse

From List-11 STUPID/FOOLISH = ngu ngoc hoac khong chiu hieu stupid and slow to understand, or unwilling to try to understand: Eg: The answer's obvious - or are you being deliberately/ wil(l)fully (=deliberately, /ˈwɪlfəli/) obtuse? I'm not trying to be obtuse, but I don't get it.

Dour /dʊr/ (a)

From List-11 SULKING/BAD-TEMPERED (usually of a person's appearance or manner) unfriendly, unhappy, and very serious: = morose Eg: The normally dour Mr James was photographed smiling and joking with friends. Tip: "Dour" looks like "sour." A person with a sour expression is clearly feeling very dour, that is, sullen and gloomy

Petulant /ˈpetʃ.ə.lənt/

From List-11 SULKING/BAD-TEMPERED childishly silly or bad tempered, easily angered and annoyed in a rude way = tinh con nit hay doi, tre con Example: He is a petulant man, who is always blaming everyone else for his problems. He plays the part of a petulant young man in the film. Tip: Children love pets.

Peevish /ˈpiː.vɪʃ/

From List-11 SULKING/BAD-TEMPERED irritable = cranky = bad-tempered = short-tempered = fractious = petulant (like a child) Example: I would rather figure things out on my own than ask that peevish librarian for help. Tip: Someone who wishes(~VISHes) to go to the bathroom to PEE but cannot because they is no vacancy will be irritated

Saturnine (/ˈsæt̬.ɚ.naɪn/) a (person and human expression)

From List-11 SULKING/BAD-TEMPERED serious, threatening or gloomy = morose = lam li, u ru, lo do Example: The men awaiting interrogation by the police shared a saturnine silence. Tip: If you are a party freak and At Nine of Saturday Night if you are still at home..then you will be gloomy! So from this we can get SATURday NINE!

Pout

From List-11 SULKING/BAD-TEMPERED to push the lower lip forward to show you are annoyed, or to push both lips forward in a sexually attractive way: Eg: Vanessa always pouts if she doesn't get what she wants. Caroline pouts her lips when she's putting on lipstick.

Morose

From List-11 SULKING/BAD-TEMPERED unhappy or annoyed and unwilling to speak, smile, or be pleasant to people: Eg: Michael became morose and withdrawn after he lost his job.

Sullen /ˈsʌl.ən/

From List-11 SULKING/BAD-TEMPERED = u ru, buon hiu, tram dam, tram ngam + nguoi, bieu cam, thoi tiet angry and unwilling to smile or be pleasant to people: Eg: They stared at him with an expression of sullen dislike. Bob looked pale and sullen. She gave him a sullen glare. sullen teenagers He lapsed into a sullen silence. fig. The skies looked very sullen (= dark and unpleasant). She looked up at the sullen (= dark and unpleasant) sky and shuddered.

Tactic

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) a planned method for achieving a particular result Eg: Football teams have to use strong defensive tactics to keep the other guys from scoring.

Scheme (v)

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) to make clever, secret plans that often deceive others Eg: He's a schemer who always finds a way of getting what he wants. All her assistants were *scheming against* her. [ + to infinitive ] For months he had been *scheming to* prevent her from getting the top job.

Entice

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) to persuade someone to do something by offering them something pleasant Eg: The adverts entice the customer into buying things they don't really want.

Lure

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) to persuade someone to do something or go somewhere by offering them something exciting Eg: She was lured into the job by the offer of a high salary.

Beguile /bɪˈɡaɪl/

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) to persuade, attract, or interest someone, sometimes in order to deceive them Eg: The salesman *beguiled him into buying* a car he didn't want. Harwant Singh *beguiled me into lending* him 1,600 dollars and no-one is there to bring him to justice. He was completely *beguiled by her beauty*.

Connive /kəˈnaɪv/

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) to plan secretly and dishonestly for something to happen that will be to your advantage = scheme to do sth/ against sb Eg: Officials were accused of conniving with the company in the supply of arms to Sierra Leone.

Conspire /kənˈspaɪər/

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) to plan secretly with other people to do something bad, illegal, or against someone's wishes conspire (with somebody) (against somebody) They were accused of *conspiring against the king*. conspire (together) (to do something) They deny conspiring &together to smuggle drugs*. conspire (with somebody) (to do something) She admitted conspiring *with her lover to murder her husband.*

Allure U (/əˈlʊr/)

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) = attraction, charm, excitement the quality of being attractive, interesting, or exciting Eg: the *allure of* working in television *sexual allure* The *allure of* the stage drew him back to acting.

Ploy /plɔɪ/ (C)

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) = muu ke, manh khoe, thu doan = trick something that is done or said in order to get an advantage, often dishonestly Eg: There are various ploys we can use if necessary. He only said he had a meeting as a *ploy to get* her to leave.

Ruse (CN) /ruːz/

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) = trick a trick intended to deceive someone Eg: It was just a ruse to distract her while his partner took the money

Collude /kəˈluːd/ (I)

From List-11 TEMP/ PLOT/ TRICK (-) collude (with sb) (in (doing) sth) (or to do sth) to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone Eg: It was suspected that the police *had colluded with* the witnesses. He is accusing the administration of *colluding with industry to stall* (to stop making progress) the state's strict vehicle-emissions standards. Several people have *colluded in* the Ghostface murder

Gratuitous /ɡrəˈtuː.ə.t̬əs/

From List-11 TO MAKE UNNECESSARY (of something such as bad behaviour) not necessary, or with no cause Eg: A lot of viewers complained that there was too much gratuitous sex and violence in the film.

X Justifiable

From List-11 TO MAKE UNNECESSARY If something is justifiable, there is a good reason for it Eg: The jury decided that the shooting was justifiable because Rustom thought his own life was in danger.

X Necessitate

From List-11 TO MAKE UNNECESSARY to cause something to be needed, or to make something necessary Eg: An important meeting necessitates my being in Boston on Friday.

X Warrant

From List-11 TO MAKE UNNECESSARY to make a particular activity necessary similar to require/ call for/ need Eg: Obviously what she did was wrong, but I don't think it warranted such a severe punishment. It's a relatively simple task that really doesn't warrant a great deal of time being spent on it.

Obviate /ˈɑːb.vi.eɪt/ (T)

From List-11 TO MAKE UNNECESSARY = make sth *obvious*ly unnecessary >< necessitate to remove a difficulty, especially so that action to deal with it becomes unnecessary Eg: The new medical treatment obviates the need for surgery.

Behold

From List-11 TO SEE to see or look at someone or something Eg: He looked up and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile.

Perceive

From List-11 TO SEE to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious Eg: Perceiving that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.

Discern

From List-11 TO SEE to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear Eg: It is difficult to discern any pattern in these figures.

Espy /esˈpaɪ/

From List-11 TO SEE to suddenly or unexpectedly see something, especially something a long distance away Eg: She suddenly espied someone waving at her from the window.

X Imperceptible

From List-11 TO SEE unable to be noticed or felt because of being very slight: Eg: She heard a faint, almost imperceptible cry. When they brought her in to the emergency room, her breathing was imperceptible.

Unravel

From List-11 UNCOVER A SECRET (of woven cloth) to separate into threads, or to separate the fibers of a thread, rope, or cloth Eg: My sweater is unraveling. You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel. I had to unravel one of the sleeves because I realized I'd knitted it too small. to solve a crime or explain a mystery Eg: You will discover what the title means as you unravel the movie's mysteries.

Ferret /ˈfer.ɪt/ I

From List-11 UNCOVER A SECRET 1. to search for something or someone, by looking in many places or asking many questions Eg: After a bit of ferreting, I managed to find his address. 2. go through sth small (your bags, etc. to find sth) I was just *ferreting around in* my drawer for my passport. = rummage in/ through sth (big like a house and small like bag) /ˈrʌm.ɪdʒ/

Unearth

From List-11 UNCOVER A SECRET to find something by digging in the ground Eg: Artifacts more than 500 years old have been unearthed at the site. to discover proof or other information, often after careful searching Eg: private detective has unearthed some fresh evidence

Peerless /ˈpɪr.ləs/ a

From List-11 UNMATCHED/ UNIQUE better than all others = unmatched = unparalleled =matchless Eg: People such as Picasso, Gandhi and Shakespeare are considered peerless. peerless beauty/ability

Inimitable

From List-11 UNMATCHED/ UNIQUE very unusual or of very high quality and therefore impossible to copy Eg: He was describing, in his own inimitable style/way, how to write a best-selling novel.

Indefensible

From List-12 CANNOT BE DEFEATED (of behavior) so bad that it cannot be defended against criticism Eg: His actions in destroying the tapes were indefensible.

Untenable

From List-12 CANNOT BE DEFEATED not able to be supported or defended against criticism, or no longer able to continue: Eg: If three people in four no longer support the government, isn't this an untenable situation? I find your theory untenable and therefore i am rejecting it.

Nice

From List-12 CAREFUL/ PRECISE pleasant, enjoyable, or satisfactory Eg: Thanks for ringing - it's been nice talking to you.

Meticulous

From List-12 CAREFUL/ PRECISE showing great care about minute details Eg: The lab technicians must be meticulous in their measurements to obtain exact results.

Conscientious

From List-12 CAREFUL/ PRECISE showing great care and effort Eg: He is conscientious with regard to his duties as examiner.

Scrupulous (/ˈskruː.pjə.ləs/)

From List-12 CAREFUL/ PRECISE showing great care towards accuracy and detail Eg: He was scrupulous about the choices he made.

Purist /ˈpjʊr.ɪst/ (CN)

From List-12 CAREFUL/ PRECISE = traditionalist /trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl.ɪst/ a person who believes that it is important to speak, write, or do things in a correct or traditional way: Eg: Some purists complain that the buildings are not being accurately restored.

Fastidious /fæsˈtɪd.i.əs/

From List-12 CAREFUL/ PRECISE giving too much attention to small details and wanting everything to be correct and perfect: Eg: He is very fastidious *about* how a suitcase should be packed. fastidious about personal cleanliness 2. fastidious about hygiene and afraid to go to dirty places They were too fastidious to eat in a fast-food restaurant.

Punctilious /pʌŋkˈtɪl.i.əs/

From List-12 CAREFUL/ PRECISE showing great attention to actions or details = meticulous Eg: He was *punctilious about* being ready exactly on time.

Hedonist (/ˈhed.ən.ɪst/)

From List-12 DESIRING ONLY PLEASURE A person who believes that the pursuit of pleasure is the most important thing in life; a pleasure-seeker. Eg: think the many celebrities today who are only famous for going to parties. Tip: hey..don... is.. hedonist...don enjoys all the pleasures of life so he believes in pleasure as the aim of life

Sybarite /ˈsɪb.ə.raɪt/

From List-12 DESIRING ONLY PLEASURE someone who follows pleasure and luxury Eg: Alisha Mane is a sybarite who has a lot of money but is completely heartless, insensitive and malevolent Tip: sybarite..sy+bar+rite a lover of luxury finds going to the bar right and munching dick

Taboo

From List-12 EXCLUDE/ FORBID an action or word that is avoided for religious or social reasons: Eg: In this society there is a taboo on/against any sort of public display of affection.

Shun

From List-12 EXCLUDE/ FORBID to avoid or refuse to accept someone or something: Eg: She shunned publicity after she retired from the stage.

Ostracize

From List-12 EXCLUDE/ FORBID to avoid someone intentionally, or to prevent someone from taking part in the activities of a group Eg: His friends ostracized him after his father's arrest. Tip: ostRACISM .. racism leads to groupism and excluding a group from the public is to OSTRACIZE.

Forthright /ˈfɔːrθ.raɪt/

From List-12 FRANK = candid honest or direct in behaviour Eg: His forthright manner can be mistaken for rudeness. I admire her forthright way of dealing with people.

Candid (a) /ˈkæn.dɪd/ --> Candor (U) /ˈkæn.dɚ/

From List-12 FRANK = forthright honest and telling the truth, especially about something difficult or painful; frank or direct Eg: To be candid with you, I think you're making a dreadful mistake.

Suffice

From List-12 FULLY SATISFIED to be enough Eg: I'm taking $400 - I think that should suffice. A brief note or a phone call will suffice.

Saturate /ˈsætʃ.ər.eɪt/

From List-12 FULLY SATISFIED to make something or someone completely wet: Eg: The grass had been saturated by overnight rain. He had cut his leg badly, and his trousers *were saturated/ drenched with/in* blood. = be soaked with (blood) = be drenched to fill a thing or place completely so that no more can be added: Eg: The police saturated (= a large number of police officers were sent into) the area. Since the US market has now been saturated, drug dealers are looking to Europe.

Gratify

From List-12 FULLY SATISFIED to please someone, or to satisfy a wish or need: Eg: He was gratified to see how well his students had done. Tip: it would be really GREAT IF I bring a score above 325 in GRE and I'll be able to please the top notch universities...

Quench

From List-12 FULLY SATISFIED to satisfy a need to drink by drinking liquid, or to stop fire from burning: Eg: We quenched our thirst at a mountain spring. Heavy rains quenched the fire. satisfy an appetite, thirst or desire fully Eg: You can quench your thirst for craft beers at specialty pubs. Her thirst for knowledge will never be quenched.

Satiate /ˈseɪ.ʃi.eɪt/ (T)

From List-12 FULLY SATISFIED + need, food, pleasure to completely satisfy yourself or a need, especially with food or pleasure, so that you could not have any more: Eg: He drank greedily until his thirst was satiated. Tip: I SAT & ATE till I was full!

Replete /rɪˈpliːt/ (a)

From List-12 FULLY SATISFIED 1. full, especially with food (old-fashioned or very formal) Eg: After two helpings of dessert, Sergio was at last replete. 2. full of or filled with, with a full supply of something a heart *replete with (= full of)affection* This car has an engine *replete with the latest technology*. *literature* replete with *drama and excitement Eg: replete(like comPLETE)..SO ANYTHING which is COMPLETE is always FULLY FILLED

Finicky

From List-12 FUSSY (-) difficult to please Eg: He's terribly finicky about his food. a finicky eater Tip: may sound like PICKY

Nitpicking

From List-12 FUSSY (-) giving too much attention to details that are not important, especially as a way of criticizing: Eg: If you spent less time nitpicking, you'd get more work done. Tip: may sound like PICKY

Persnickety (/pɚˈsnɪk.ə.t̬i/) (a)

From List-12 FUSSY (-) giving too much attention to small details that are not important in a way that annoys other people Eg: If you're persnickety about your coffee, you'll probably want to put the cream and sugar in yourself. Tip: personal+pick+eat

Stickler

From List-12 FUSSY (-) someone who believes in closely following rules or in maintaining a high standard of behavior: Eg: He was a stickler when it came to office manners. Tip: So someone who "sticks" to the rules is a stickler.

Squeamish

From List-12 FUSSY (-) = be disgusted by/ at/ with sth = be grossed out by sth easily upset or shocked by things that you find unpleasant or that you do not approve of: Eg: She's really squeamish and can't stand the sight of blood. Tip: It's like "scream-ish". i.e., one who screams for everything.

X Blatant

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE (of an action) obvious or intentional, and done without worry about what others think Eg: His behavior showed a blatant lack of respect.

Innuendo (U or C innuendoes or innuendos) (/ˌɪn.juˈen.doʊ/)

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE (the making of) a remark or remarks that suggest something sexual or something unpleasant but do not refer to it directly: Eg: Because the movie is full of sexual innuendos, we did not bring the children. There's always an element of sexual innuendo in our conversations.

Cue

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE a signal for someone to do or say something, esp. in a play or movie: Eg: She waited for her cue - the ring of the telephone - to come on stage. Being passed over for promotion twice was his cue to start looking for another job.

X Explicit

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE clear and exact Eg: I gave her very explicit directions how to get here.

Allude/ Allusion

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a particular thing or person: Eg: The film is full of allusions to Hitchcock. He made some allusion to the years they lived apart.

Implicit

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE suggested but not communicated directly: Eg: We interpreted his silence as implicit agreement.

X Patent

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE the official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years: Eg: The company took out/filed a patent on a genetically engineered tomato. (of ideas or characteristics) obvious: Eg: He felt the notion of beginner's luck was patent nonsense. a patent lie a patent disregard of the law "No," he replied, with patent distaste.

Insinuate

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE to express but not directly state something Eg: She insinuated (that) I'm getting fat. Tip: IN(not)+SIGN....without any signal i.e indirectly hint or imply ....

Tacit (/ˈtæs.ɪt/) (a)

From List-12 HINT/ INDIRECT REFERENCE understood without being stated clearly = silent = unspoken Eg: She gave a tacit approval by smiling and winking. tacit agreement/approval/support Tip: tacit ~ take it; imagine you are giving permission to someone to take something from your room...but you didn't say it verbally but via your actions

Colossal /kəˈlɑː.səl/

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: (esp. of something bad) very great or extremely large (object) Eg: The whole business has been a colossal failure/mistake. It was a colossal waste of time. In the centre of the hall stood a colossal wooden statue, decorated in ivory and gold. They were asking a colossal amount of money for the house. Tip: remember the colosseum - one of the seven wonders of the world, which was a huge theatre in the olden days

Voluminous /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: + a piece of clothing = huge consists of a lot of cloth: Eg: The flouncy (Flouncy clothes are loose and have a lot of material) skirt of a wedding dress? Voluminous. Her voluminous silk dress billowed out behind her. + a piece of writing: long and detailed (do so, phong phu, nhieu tap) Have you read McClelland's voluminous account of his life?

Prodigious (/prəˈdɪdʒ.əs/)

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: extremely great in ability, amount, or strength: = mammoth, enormous, astronomical, colossal Eg: She wrote a truly prodigious number of novels.

Mammoth

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: extremely large Eg: Building the dam was a mammoth construction project. Cleaning up the city-wide mess is going to be a mammoth task. It's a mammoth undertaking (=job- are you sure you have the resources to cope?

Gigantic

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: extremely large: Eg: a gigantic shopping center

Behemoth /bɪˈhiː.mɑːθ/ (cn)

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: something (company, orgthat is extremely large and often extremely powerful Eg: Its tough for BING to compete with the behemoth search engines like Google. The motivation was to create a $70 billion behemoth out of two embattled phone-equipment companies, so together they could survive . a corporate/financial/industrial behemoth

Monumental

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: very big or very great Eg: Rebuilding the bridge proved to be a monumental job.

Towering /ˈtaʊ.ɚ.ɪŋ/ a

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: very high (phyiscally) or very great Eg: Fielder hit a towering home run. a towering figure in the art world Laurence Olivier's Othello was a towering performance. the towering walls of the Acropolis

Gargantuan (/ɡɑːrˈɡæn.tʃu.ən/)

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: very large Eg: He has a gargantuan ego. a problem of gargantuan proportions a gargantuan appetite

Humongous

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: very large Eg: You may look a little Roshni making phone calls, holding the humongous Galaxy Note up to your ear.

Titanic /taɪˈtæn.ɪk/

From List-12 HUGE/ BIG: = hung vi, vi dai, khoc liet, an tuong extremely powerful, strong, important, or large: Eg: titanic mountains a titanic battle/performance/struggle Tip: fights between titans are titanic

Trifle

From List-12 INSIGNIFICANT A trifle means slightly or to a small degree: Eg: He admits to being a trifle nervous before every show.

Token /ˈtoʊ.kən/ c

From List-12 INSIGNIFICANT something you give to someone or do for someone to express your feelings or intentions: Eg: It isn't a big present - it's just a token of thanks for your help. *As a token of* our gratitude for all that you have done, we would like you to accept this small gift.

Minute

From List-12 INSIGNIFICANT very detailed, careful and thorough Eg: She remembered everything in minute detail

Paltry (/ˈpɑːl.tri/)

From List-12 INSIGNIFICANT very small, little = meager (or meagre UK) a meager salary The prisoners existed on a meager diet. Eg: His account offers a paltry 1% return on your investment. Student grants these days are paltry. The company offered Frazer a paltry sum, which he refused. of little quality or value: She made some paltry excuse and left. a paltry gesture

Marginal /ˈmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl/ (a)

From List-12 INSIGNIFICANT Small Eg: The story will only be of *marginal interest* to our readers. The report suggests that there has only been a *marginal improvement* in women's pay over the past few years.

Devoid

From List-12 LACKING Someone or something is devoid of something when it is completely lacking: Eg: He seems to be devoid of any feeling for his parents.

Deprived

From List-12 LACKING lacking something that is needed to live the way most people live: Eg: He took pictures in deprived areas of the city. Deprived of regular income, many homeowners are falling behind with their mortgage payments.

Wanting

From List-12 LACKING missing; not having enough of something Eg: It was a perfect party - nothing was wanting. The students were certainly not wanting in enthusiasm.

Bereft /bɪˈreft/ (a)

From List-12 LACKING 1. + of sth: not having sth Eg: Alone now and almost penniless, he was *bereft of hope*. *bereft of ideas*/hope 2. sad and lonely because you have lost sth/ sb After the last of their children had left home the couple *felt utterly bereft*. The hoe Alisha Mane was bereft when all her family died due to Covid-19 in October 2021. Tip: bereft = beer + left and therefore DEPRIVED of beer

Discourse /ˈdɪs.kɔːrs/ U

From List-12 LONG ESSAY/ SPEECH a long debate, discussion or lecture Eg: A discourse on issues of gender and sexuality. A *discourse on/upon* the nature of life after death Tip: discourse sounds like discuss and hence it means to formally discuss a subject

Dissertation

From List-12 LONG ESSAY/ SPEECH a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done in order to receive a degree at college or university Eg: He is currently writing a dissertation. Tip: imagine u r asked 2 write an essay on 'A dessert Station'..

Rhetoric (U) /ˈret̬.ɚ.ɪk/

From List-12 LONG ESSAY/ SPEECH = loi noi/ viet hoa my, khoa truong, thuat hung bien exaggerated or pompous speech intended to impress Eg: His offers of compromise were mere rhetoric. How far the president will be able to translate his campaign rhetoric into action remains to be seen. I was swayed by her rhetoric into donating all my savings to the charity. Tip: rhetoric = "right oral" skills. If you have the right oral skills, you can communicate well.

Subtle

From List-12 MINOR DIFFERENCES not loud, bright, noticeable, or obvious in any way: Eg: The room was painted a subtle shade of pink. small but important: Eg: There is a subtle difference between these two plans.

Nuance (/ˈnuːɑːns/) (C)

From List-12 MINOR DIFFERENCES = sac thai = ​a very slight difference in meaning, sound, colour or somebody's feelings that is not usually very obvious The painter has managed to capture every nuance of the woman's expression. Linguists explore the nuances of language. Her singing has both warmth of sound and delicacy of nuance. You need to be able to convey the subtle nuances of meaning of each word. Eg: He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.

Misnomer (/ˌmɪsˈnoʊ.mɚ/) (CN)

From List-12 MISTAKE/ ACT DONE CARELESSLY a name that does not suit what it refers to, or the use of such a name: Eg: It was the scruffiest (untidy and looking a little dirt) place I've ever stayed in, so "Grand Hotel" was a complete misnomer. Villa was a misnomer - the place was no more than an old farmhouse. Tip: mis+name= misnomer

X Finesse /fɪˈnes/ (T)

From List-12 MISTAKE/ ACT DONE CARELESSLY great skill or style: Eg: She has handled these difficult negotiations with real finesse. to improve something so it is the best it can possibly be: Eg: After they'd finessed the software, they followed the people using it for several months to nail sth = to kill/ slay sth = do a great job of sth often in a slightly dishonest way: She finessed the interview by playing down her lack of experience and talking about her long-standing interest in the field.

Tactless

From List-12 MISTAKE/ ACT DONE CARELESSLY not careful about saying or doing something that could upset someone: Eg: It was tactless of you to invite his ex-girlfriend.

Botch /bɑːtʃ/ (C) (botch-up, bodge, bodge-up)

From List-12 MISTAKE/ ACT DONE CARELESSLY = screw-up (CN) something that is spoiled by being done badly: Eg: The company made a series of botches before it went bankrupt. The concert was very badly organized. In fact, the whole thing was a real botch-up. There's been a screw-up with our hotel reservation. Hint: s*po*iled *ch*eese

Bungle /ˈbʌŋ.ɡəl/ (T)

From List-12 MISTAKE/ ACT DONE CARELESSLY to do something badly or without skill; to fail at something Alisha Mane tried but it was a bungled/ failed attempt Eg: The police bungled the investigation. They bungled the job. a bungled robbery/raid/attempt Tip: bungle like jungle, jungle is a jumble --> messy and failed

Theist

From List-12 PERTAINING TO GOD one who believes in God Eg: No theist will do any action that disrespects God.

Agnostic /æɡˈnɑː.stɪk/

From List-12 PERTAINING TO GOD someone who believes that it is impossible to know whether or not God exists Eg: agnostic:we have nostic...its like nasthik in hindi which means a person who does not belive in god.

Atheist (/ˈeɪθiɪst/) (C)

From List-12 PERTAINING TO GOD someone who does not believe in any God or gods: Eg: As an atheist, I do not accept this religious argument. Nearly two in ten Americans say they are atheist, agnostic or 'nothing in particular'.

Theology

From List-12 PERTAINING TO GOD study of Gods or religions Eg: He has got a degree in Theology.

Proselytize /ˈprɑː.sə.lɪ.taɪz/(US also proselyte /ˈprɑː.sə.laɪt/) (I/T)

From List-12 PERTAINING TO GOD to try to persuade other people to accept your beliefs, especially about religion or politics Eg: Christian groups were arrested for trying to proselytize people. Tip: relate it to hypnotize....changing someones religion by telling them prose(epics)and hypnotizing

Pious /ˈpaɪəs/ (a)

From List-12 PERTAINING TO GOD = devout = tin do, sung dao >< impious strongly believing in *God* or a particular *religion*, and living in a way that shows this belief Eg: She is a pious follower of the faith, never missing her prayers. Pious acts a devout Christian/Muslim pious, pie. someone who loves pies so much

Abut never passive (/əˈbʌt/)

From List-12 PLACE SIDE BY SIDE If a building or area of land abuts something or on something, it is next to it or touches it on one side; to be adjacent to + ON/ ONTO sth = border another country = adjoin (I or T) sth or A, B, C ,etc. adjoin Eg: Their house abutted (onto) the police station. Mexico abuts (on) some of the richest parts of the United States. His land abuts onto a road. The stables adjoin the west wing of the house. It's at this point that these three neighbourhoods adjoin. Tip: Look at your BUTT (Dont take it offensively).Its like two pieces of flesh together marked by a boundary in between them ..Thats abut .

Contiguous /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

From List-12 PLACE SIDE BY SIDE next to or touching another, usually similar, thing: Eg: The two states are *contiguous with/to* each other, but the laws are quite different.

Juxtapose ˌdʒʌk.stəˈpoʊz/

From List-12 PLACE SIDE BY SIDE to put things or people next to each other, esp. in order to compare them: Eg: The exhibition juxtaposes architectural drawings *with photographs* of the buildings as constructed. Tip: juxt(just)+a+pose= they stand side by side(even they are enemies) to give JUST A POSE to the photo.

Adjacent

From List-12 PLACE SIDE BY SIDE very near, next to, or touching: Eg: They work in adjacent buildings.

X Indelible

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY impossible to remove by washing or by any other method Eg: The blood had left an indelible mark on her shirt. 2. (before noun) *Indelible memories or actions* are impossible to forget, or have a permanent influence or effect: In his 20 years working for the company, Joe Pearson made an indelible impression on it. I have an indelible memory of that meeting with Anastasia. Tip: indelible: in + delete + able- which can't be deleted

Efface /ɪˈfeɪs/

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY remove completely Eg: She tried her best to efface the memory of the accident. Tip: Closely related to "erase"..to rub out or we can think in another way also, we wash our face to remove the dust from the surface of the skin(ef+face)...

Raze

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to destroy a building, structure, etc. completely: Eg: Developers razed the old buildings on the site to make way for new construction. The town was razed to the ground in the bombing raid - not a building was left standing. Tip: Raze means to destroy completely. So the word raze sounds similar to erase.raze=erase...which means to remove or clean completely.

Decimate

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to destroy large numbers of people, animals, or other creatures, or to harm something severely Eg: The rabbit population was decimated by the disease. Tip: deci [means 10]mate[in ,chess mate means killing a king]so it sound like killing a king in every 10 people,so to kill a king u have to kill 10 persons.so ie make killing at huge amount.

Extirpate

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to destroy or get rid of something that is bad or not wanted Eg: Hopefully the pesticides will extirpate the insects from my garden. Tip: Extirpate~~~Exterminate or Extract

Annihilate

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to destroy something completely so that nothing is left: Eg: a city annihilated by an atomic bomb He was annihilated in the finals of the competition.

Perish

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed: Eg: Three hundred people perished in the earthquake. Tip: perish ..divide ita as pe 'rish' ----rishi means a sage who leaves all worldly things

Eradicate

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad: Eg: The government claims to be doing all it can to eradicate corruption.

Exterminate

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to kill all the animals or people in a particular place or of a particular type: Eg: Once cockroaches get into a building, it's very difficult to exterminate them.

Obliterate

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to remove all signs of something, either by destroying it or by covering it so that it cannot be seen Eg: The missile strike was devastating - the target was totally obliterated. All of a sudden the view was obliterated by the fog Maybe she gets drunk to obliterate painful memories. Tip: lets ' all-be-literate ' and destroy illiteracy completely

Expunge

From List-12 REMOVE/ DESTROY to rub off or remove information from a piece of writing: Eg: His name has been expunged from the list of members. to cause something to be forgotten: Eg: She has been unable to expunge the details of the accident from her memory. Tip: expunge rhymes with sponge..which is used to remove dirt..

Diminutive (a/ CN) /dɪˈmɪn.jə.t̬ɪv

From List-12 SMALL (a) small Eg: My grandmother was a diminutive woman, less than 5 feet tall. (n): short form of a name. Her friends call her Margaret, never using diminutives such as Maggie.

Infinitesimal

From List-12 SMALL extremely small Eg: The amounts of radioactivity present were infinitesimal. Even in infinitesimal amounts, this poison can kill you.

Minuscule (ˈmɪn.ə.skjuːl/)

From List-12 SMALL extremely small = tiny Eg: All she gave him to eat was two minuscule pieces of toast. Salaries are a minuscule part of the budget.

Slight (a/v)

From List-12 SMALL small in amount or degree: Eg: She had a slight cold, but wasn't feeling too bad. to insult someone by not paying attention or by treating the person as unimportant: = diss = cold-shoulder = affront = insult Eg: He slighted his wife by neglecting to introduce her.

Buttress /ˈbʌt.rəs/ (C or V)

From List-12 STRENGTHEN/ SUPPORT (v) to make support for an idea or argument stronger by providing a good reason for it = support = strengthen = champion (support, defend sth enthusiastically) Eg: He looked for things that would buttress the prosecution case and win a conviction. The arguments for change are buttressed by events elsewhere. a structure made of stone or brick that sticks out from and supports a wall of a building (n) (v) to build buttresses to support a building or structure: Tip: remember by your BUTT or BUTTOCKS ! what do they do? They provide you with a padding when ypu sit, giving support.. :)

Prime

From List-12 STRENGTHEN/ SUPPORT most important, or of the best quality: Eg: This is a prime example of 1930s architecture. This is a dancer *in her prime.* Middle age can be *the prime of life* if you have the right attitude. I suspect this cheese is *past its prime.* =heyday giai doan thanh cong/ active nhat

Fortify

From List-12 STRENGTHEN/ SUPPORT to make something stronger, especially in order to protect it: Eg: Property owners have to fortify their oceanfront homes against weather damage. He fortified himself with a drink and a sandwich before driving on.

Prop

From List-12 STRENGTHEN/ SUPPORT to support something physically, often by leaning it against something else or putting something under it: Eg: I propped my bike (up) against the wall. She was sitting at the desk with her chin propped on her hands.

Bolster /ˈboʊl.stɚ/

From List-12 STRENGTHEN/ SUPPORT to support something, or make something stronger: Eg: More money is needed to bolster the industry. She tried to bolster my confidence/morale (= encourage me and make me feel stronger) by telling me that I had a special talent. Tip: RELATE TO BOLT>> USED TO SUPPORT OR REINFORCE

Bastion /ˈbæs.ti.ən/

From List-12 STRENGTHEN/ SUPPORT = thanh tri, noi/ vat luu giu, bao ve cai gi dang bi mai mot something that keeps or defends a belief or a way of life that is disappearing or threatened: Eg: British public schools are regarded as one of the last bastions of upper-class privilege. the bastion of my happy memories is the songs and movies I watched back in the days Tip: In a war the base station has the strongest protection.

Compassion

From List-12 SYMPATHY a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them: Eg: I was hoping she might show a little compassion. Tip: ab agar koi pulsar and karsima ki time main herohonda passion lega,then his neighbors will show sympathy to him..

Empathy /ˈem.pə.θi/ (U)

From List-12 SYMPATHY ability to understand another persons feelings Eg: He felt great *empathy with/ for* the poor. *empathy between A and B*: The empathy between the two women was obvious. empathy for other people's situations

X Callous

From List-12 SYMPATHY unkind, cruel, and without sympathy or feeling for other people: Eg: It might sound callous, but I don't care if he's homeless. He's not living with me! Tip: callous sounds like khallas so jiski sub kuch khallas ho gayi hai..that person becomes hard, insensitive and unfeeling.

X Empirical

From List-12 THEORY WITHOUT EVIDENCE based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory: Eg: We have no empirical evidence that the industry is in trouble. This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence. Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective. Tip: Empire...maintaining an empire requires much practical experiences and workouts....

Hypothetical

From List-12 THEORY WITHOUT EVIDENCE imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true

Speculate /ˈspek.jə.leɪt/ (I)

From List-12 THEORY WITHOUT EVIDENCE + about/ on/ that S+V to form opinions about something without having the necessary information or facts; to make guesses: Eg: I'm just speculating about what happened. A spokesperson declined to *speculate on* the cause of the train crash. The newspapers have *speculated that* they will get married next year. We all *speculated about* the reasons for her resignation.

X Tactile

From List-12 THIN/ WEAK/ TRANSPARENT can be touched or felt; related to the sense of touch Eg: Different textures of food are tactile - they feel different in your mouth. Tip: CON-tact - If you are in contact with something, you are in touch with it and hence it is tactile.

Intangible

From List-12 THIN/ WEAK/ TRANSPARENT can not be touched Eg: The old building had an intangible air of sadness about it.

X Substantial

From List-12 THIN/ WEAK/ TRANSPARENT large in size, value, or importance: Eg: The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.

X Palpable (/ˈpæl.pə.bəl/)

From List-12 THIN/ WEAK/ TRANSPARENT so obvious that it can easily be seen or known, or (of a feeling) so strong that it seems as if it can be touched or physically felt: Eg: The tension in the room was palpable during the exam. a palpable effect Her joy was palpable. Tip: palpable..divide it like..PALP(SOUNDS LIKE PULP)+ABLE.....after touching the PULP of fruit ITS OBVIOUS THAT every one would be ABLE TO PERCEIVE whether THE FRUIT is fresh or not.

Flimsy

From List-12 THIN/ WEAK/ TRANSPARENT very thin, or easily broken or destroyed: Eg: You won't be warm enough in that flimsy dress. A flimsy argument, excuse, etc. is weak and difficult to believe: Eg: When I asked him why he was late, he gave me some flimsy excuse about having car trouble.

Frail

From List-12 THIN/ WEAK/ TRANSPARENT weak or unhealthy, or easily damaged, broken, or harmed Eg: a frail old lady

Tenuous /ˈten.ju.əs/

From List-12 THIN/ WEAK/ TRANSPARENT A tenuous connection, link (not relationship), idea, or situation is weak and possibly does not exist Eg: The police have only found a tenuous connection between the two robberies. a *tenuous hold* on life His links with the organization turned out to be, at best, tenuous. Tip: is quite opposite to strenuous meaning requiring a lot of physical or mental effort, energy

Obliging

From List-12 TO DO HAPPILY (+) willing or eager to help: Eg: He found an obliging doctor who gave him the drugs he needed.

Balk

From List-12 TO DO RELUCTANTLY (-) to be unwilling to do something or let something happen: Eg: I balked at the prospect of spending four hours on a train with him. Tip: balk sounds like a dog's bark; if you see a dog barking, you refuse to go ahead. hence, dog acts as obstacle (hindrance) in your walk.

Grudging (a)

From List-12 TO DO RELUCTANTLY (-) = reluctant = mien cuong done or offered unwillingly: Eg: Her hard work won the grudging respect of her boss.

Conjecture

From List-12 TO GUESS/ INFER a guess about something based on how it seems and not on proof: Eg: There's been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage. He conjectured that the company would soon be in financial trouble. We can only *conjecture about* what was in the killer's mind. We can only *conjecture what* was in the killer's mind He *conjectured that* the population might double in ten years. She *conjectured the existence* of a completely new species. *be conjectured to be/have/do* something The remains are conjectured to be thousands of years old.

Extrapolate

From List-12 TO GUESS/ INFER to guess or think about what might happen using information that is already known: Eg: You can't really extrapolate a trend from such a small sample.

Deduce

From List-12 TO GUESS/ INFER to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts Eg: The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening.

Construe

From List-12 TO GUESS/ INFER to understand the meaning of something in a particular way: Eg: That comment could be construed in either of two ways. He construed her intentions from her gestures.

Surmise (/sɚˈmaɪz/)

From List-12 TO GUESS/ INFER = conjecture to guess something, without having much or any proof Eg: The police surmise (that/ what/ where...) the robbers have fled the country. I can only *surmise his reasons* for acting as he did.

Intelligible

From List-12 UNDERSTAND (of speech and writing) clear enough to be understood: Eg: It was a poor telephone connection, and only some of his words were intelligible. His lecture was readily intelligible to all the students.

X Illegible

From List-12 UNDERSTAND (of writing or print) impossible or almost impossible to read because of being very untidy or not clear: Eg: His writing is almost illegible.

Apprehend

From List-12 UNDERSTAND to catch and arrest someone who has not obeyed the law: Eg: The police have finally apprehended the killer to understand Eg: He was slow to apprehend the details. Tip: up your hands - said the FBI before grabbing the criminal.

Assimilate /əˈsɪm.ə.leɪt/ I or T

From List-12 UNDERSTAND to take in and make a part of your basic knowledge something learned from others, so that you can use it as your own = learn, remember Eg: We hoped the students would assimilate the information contained in the lecture. It's hard to assimilate so much information. People who are or become assimilated in a society become similar to others by learning and using the customs and culture of the new society = hoa nhap Eg: Once outsiders, they had now *be*en *assimilated into* the cultural mainstream. 3. Dong hoa, sat nhap (I or T) The European Union should remain flexible enough to *assimilate more countries* quickly. You shouldn't expect immigrants to *assimilate into an alien culture* immediately.

Fathom

From List-12 UNDERSTAND to understand Eg: It is hard to fathom the pain felt at the death of a child. For years people have been trying to fathom (out) the mysteries of the whale's song I can't fathom her at all.

Comprehend

From List-12 UNDERSTAND to understand something completely Eg: If you don't comprehend something, don't be afraid to seem dumb, just speak out.

Inure

From List-12 USED TO If you become inured to something unpleasant, you become familiar with it and able to accept and bear it; become used to something Eg: Doctors become inured to seeing death. After spending some time on the island they became inured to the hardships. Eg: the ppl hav become so inured that they smile even if they get in(j)ured :)

Habituate /həˈbɪtʃ.u.eɪt/

From List-12 USED TO to get used to something or to make someone or something used to something Eg: We have all become habituated to thinking and reacting in certain ways. When your brain habituates to sleeplessness to maintain function, it slows down. Feeding moose habituates them to humans.

Inveterate /ɪnˈvet̬.ɚ.ət/ (a)

From List-12 USED TO = chronic someone who does something very often and cannot stop doing it: Eg: I never trust anything he says - the man's an inveterate liar. She is an inveterate smoker and cannot break the habit. Tip: In this word. we have a root ie.. veter--that have lasted a long time and seem likely to continue. This itself gives an idea of the meaning.

Immune

From List-12 USED TO not affected or upset by a particular type of behaviour or emotion: Eg: I am immune to all the pain and sorrow because my life has already been too miserable

Subvert /səbˈvɝːt/

From List-12 WEAKEN harm or weaken an established system or authority Eg: The book describes the techniques that Hitler used to subvert democracy in the Weimar Republic.

Erode (I or T)

From List-12 WEAKEN to gradually destroy/reduce something or make it weaker over a period or to weaken 2. bao mon Wind and rain have eroded the statues into shapeless lumps of stone. The cliffs are eroding several feet a year. Eg: Her confidence has been slowly eroded by repeated failures. Budget cuts could further erode the benefit package provided for by the contract. His behaviour over the last few months has eroded my confidence in his judgment.

Prod (I or T) /prɑːd/

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP (I or T) to push something or someone with your finger or with a pointed object: Eg: I prodded her in the back to get her attention. She prodded the cake with her fork to see if it was cooked. He *prodded at* the fish with his fork a few times, but he didn't eat a mouthful. (T) to encourage someone to take action, especially when they are being slow or unwilling: Eg: He gets things done, but only after I've *prod*ded *him* *into* do*ing* them (=urge) Tip: sounds like "rod". stir up with rod, poke with a rod etc.

Prompt (a and v)

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP (of an action) done quickly and without delay, or (of a person) acting quickly or arriving at an arranged time: Eg: The agency sent back a prompt reply to my inquiries. to cause someone to say or do something; urge (someone to do something) Eg: What prompted you to say that? A noise prompted the guard to go back and investigate. Lead to = cause The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Recent worries over the president's health have prompted speculation over his political future.

Expedite

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP to cause something to be done or progress more quickly: Eg: We've got to expedite this order because they need it by tomorrow.

Spur (v)

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster Eg: Spurred (on) by her early success, she went on to write four more novels in rapid succession. The band has been *spurred on by* the success of their last single. *spur sb (on) to sth/ to do sth*. Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed/ success I was *spurred into* action by the letter. The fire, spurred by high temperatures and strong winds, had burnt more than 140 acres. An increase in the country's arsenal could spur an arms race in the region.

Stimulate

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active: Eg: Tax cuts will stimulate the economy. Read books to stimulate your child's imagination.

Engender /ɪnˈdʒen.dɚ/

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP to make people have a particular feeling or make a situation start to exist: Eg: Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy. *problems* engendered by the restructuring of the company The place engendered immediate *feelings of friendship and belonging.* The vice-president's speech did not engender confidence in his judgment. Tip: when two gender's male & female end up together .. they produce or give rise to a CHILD..

Facilitate

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP to make something possible or easier: Eg: To facilitate learning, each class is no larger than 30 students.

Propel

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP to push or move something somewhere, often with a lot of force: Eg: a rocket propelled through space If the team won the next two games, they would be propelled into the number one ranking in collegiate football.

Precipitate /priːˈsɪp.ə.t̬ət/

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP = thuc giuc thoi thuc (T) = spark to make something happen suddenly or sooner than expected: Eg: An invasion would certainly precipitate a war. Fear of losing her job precipitated (= suddenly forced) her into action 2. = hasty = nong voi (a) If an action is precipitate, it is done sooner or faster than expected and without enough thought or preparation: Eg: Don't be precipitate - think it through before you make a decision.

Kindle /ˈkɪn.dəl/

From List-13 ACTIVATE/ SPEED UP to cause a fire to start burning: Eg: Great literature kindled their imaginations (= made them work). We watched as the *fire* slowly *kindle*d. kindle something to *kindle a fire/flame* to cause strong feelings or ideas in someone: Eg: Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her. The soft music and dim lights in our favorite restaurant always kindle romance. Tip: kindle sounds like CANDLE..which when lighted can cause something to catch fire.

Adorn

From List-13 ATTRACTIVE/ DECORATIVE to add something decorative to a person or thing: Eg: The bride's hair was adorned with white flowers. Tip: ad + orn(ornamentals) used to decorate

Garnish

From List-13 ATTRACTIVE/ DECORATIVE to decorate food with a small amount of a different food: Eg: Garnish the dish with lemon wedges. Immediately before serving, add fresh berries to garnish the dish.

Embellish

From List-13 ATTRACTIVE/ DECORATIVE to make something more beautiful by adding something to it: Eg: The ceiling was embellished with flowers and leaves. ​ [ I or T ] to add or change some details of a story, usually to make it more interesting or exciting: He couldn't resist embellishing the story of his accident a little. Tip: emBELLish--we add BELL to the Christmas tress to adorn it

Florid (ˈflɔːr.ɪd/)

From List-13 ATTRACTIVE/ DECORATIVE with too much decoration or detail: Eg: a florid architectural style florid prose/ rhetorical (of a person's face) too red, especially in a way that is unhealthy: Eg: a florid complexion Tip: flo(wer) + rid(red)sounds like a flower that is in a red color.. Also, florid ~ flowery (french)

Ornate /ɔːrˈneɪt/

From List-13 ATTRACTIVE/ DECORATIVE tip: ornate ornaments 1. trang tri ruom ra having a lot of complicated decoration: Eg: a room with an ornate ceiling and gold mirrors 2. dung tu ruom ra, kho hieu, cao sieu​ mainly disapproving Language that is ornate contains too many complicated words or phrases: Eg: Some students are put off studying his work because of the *ornate language* of the poetry. Tip: sounds like ORNAmenTe ..when many ornaments are used, the thing is ornated.

Veto

From List-13 BAN an official power or right to refuse to accept or allow something: Eg: The president has the power of veto over any bill that comes across his desk. The governor used his veto to block the proposal. to refuse to allow something: Eg: In 1961, President De Gaulle vetoed Britain's entry into the Common Market.

Sanction

From List-13 BAN approval or permission, especially formal or legal: Eg: They tried to get official sanction for the plans. an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law: Eg: Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country because of its attacks on its own people.

Interdict (C) /ˈɪn.t̬ɚ.dɪkt/

From List-13 BAN an official instruction from a law court telling someone that they are not allowed to do something Eg: They are trying to get an interim interdict to stop construction of the road.

Temperamental /tem.pɚ.əˈmen.t̬əl/, /ˌtem.prəˈmen.təl/

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING A tempermental person is someone whose mood often changes very suddenly: = volatile = moody = capricious /kəˈprɪʃ.əs/ Eg: Be careful how you approach her - she's very temperamental. ​ If a machine is temperamental, it sometimes works and sometimes does not: Eg: Our VCR can be temperamental.

Inconsistent

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING If a reason, idea, opinion, etc. is inconsistent, different parts of it do not agree, or it does not agree with something else: Eg: These findings are inconsistent with those of previous studies.

Arbitrary /ˈɑːr.bə.trer.i/

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason Eg: Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?

Irresolute /ɪˈrez.əl.uːt/

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING changing desire, behavior, etc frequently Do dự, phân vân, lưỡng lự Thiếu quyết tâm, thiếu quả quyết Eg: She had no respect for him because he seemed to be irresolute. an irresolute reply

Capricious

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING changing mood or behaviour suddenly and unexpectedly = moody = volatile = temperamental Eg: He's such a capricious boss that I never know how he'll react. Tip: ca(CAR) + PRIC(PRICE)...PRICE OF cars nowadays is becoming unpredictable with the launch of Tata's 1 lakh car.

Volatile

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly, or suddenly violent or angry: Eg: It was a volatile situation, and the police handled it well. The stock market was highly volatile in the early part of the year.

Erratic

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected Eg: She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she'll hardly speak to you. The erratic behaviour of the stock market is making investors nervous.

Vacillate /ˈvæs.ə.leɪt/

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING to be unable to decide something and esp. to continue to change opinions: = waver Eg: The president continues to vacillate over foreign policy. Her mood vacillated between hope and despair. Tip: sounds like OScillate..so something which moves from one position to another position.

Swat (T or C) /swɑːt/-tt-

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING to hit something, especially an insect, with a flat object or your hand: Eg: I swatted the fly with a rolled-up newspaper. He tried to swat the ball too hard, and missed it entirely. He *gave* the mosquito *a swat*. She *land*ed *a* playful *swat on* his arm. figurative These missiles are capable of swatting enemy planes with deadly accuracy.

Waffle (I)

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING to keep changing your decisions about something so that no clear decision is made (be indecisive) Eg: This administration has a tendency to *waffle* on important questions. I waffled a lot before finally deciding to take the job. to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clear answers: = noi/ viet dong dai Eg: If you don't know the answer, it's no good just waffling (on) for pages and pages. Tip: Rhymes with "baffle" which means confused. Waffle also means something similar.

Waver (/ˈweɪ.vɚ/)

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING to lose strength, determination, or purpose, especially temporarily: Eg: I'm afraid my concentration began to waver as lunch approached. He has never wavered in his support for the leader. ​ If you waver between two possibilities, you cannot decide which of them to choose or you keep choosing one way and then the other: Eg: "What are you going to have?" "Er, I'm wavering between the soup and the mushroom quiche."

Mercurial /mɝːˈkjʊr.i.əl/ (a)

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING 1. changing suddenly and often = volatile = unpredictable = erratic Eg: She was entertaining but unpredictable, with *mercurial mood swings*. a *mercurial temperament* 2. intelligent, enthusiastic, and quick: Eg: a mercurial mind/wit 3. containg or caused by mercury: mercurial drugs Tip: mercury level in the blood pressure testing device fickles a lot when measuring b.p *Think about the mercury level in a thermometer changing rapidly according to the environment temperature --> smart, quick*

Whimsical /ˈwɪm.zɪ.kəl/ (a)

From List-13 CAN'T DECIDE/ FLUCTUATING 1. hay thay doi, nong noi, nhat thoi = capricious, impulsive Eg: Unfortunately, his decisions are often whimsical. 2. bat thuong, ky quai, ky di. unusual and strange in a funny or annoying way Eg: a whimsical tale Despite his kindly, sometimes whimsical air, he was a shrewd observer of people.​

Disheveled (/dɪˈʃev.əld/)

From List-13 CARELESS/ DIRTY (of people or their appearance) not neat; messy: Eg: disheveled hair/clothes disheveled hair/clothes/appearance He ran in looking hot and disheveled. Tip: =dis+sheve(shave)+..a person who doesnt shave is UNTIDY

Shoddy

From List-13 CARELESS/ DIRTY badly or carelessly made Eg: The furniture is shoddy and cheap. shoddy education system shoddy workmanship/ craft/ skill/ craftsmanship Eg: It's clear now that shoddy construction played as big a role in this disaster. Tip: sounds like "showy" means in look things are good but in quality they are not good as they are made up of inferior material

Unkempt

From List-13 CARELESS/ DIRTY not neat or cared for; messy: Eg: He needed a shave and his hair was unkempt Eg: Drop the 'm' from unkempt. It becomes 'UNKEPT'...UN+KEPT, something not kept properly or maintained like hair. or someone who is dowdy, untamed..

Sloppy (/ˈslɑː.pi/)

From List-13 CARELESS/ DIRTY not taking care or making an effort = careless, slapdash, rash, thoughtless. Eg: Spelling mistakes always look sloppy in a formal letter. Another sloppy pass like that might lose them the whole game. ​ Sloppy clothes are large, loose, and do not look neat: Eg: At home I tend to wear big sloppy sweaters and jeans.

Slovenly (a)

From List-13 CARELESS/ DIRTY untidy and dirty Eg: I'll have to improve my slovenly habits - my mother's coming to stay. slovenly work/ housekeeper/ appearance Tip: people of SLOVENIA(a country in europe) are known to be very untidy and careless people.

Shabby /ˈʃæb.i/

From List-13 CARELESS/ DIRTY 1. toi tan = scruffy. looking *old and in bad condition* because of being used for a long time or not being cared for: Eg: He wore a shabby old overcoat. Her home is a rented one-bedroom apartment in a shabby part of town. The *refugees* were shabby (= wore old clothes in bad condition) and hungry. 2. toi te = shoddy. *not fair* or showing respect; *unacceptable*: Eg: Her salary is $305,000 this year - *not too shabby* (= very generous or very good). My shabby salary is not going to keep me here

Rumple (/ˈrʌm.pəl/) (only T)

From List-13 CARELESS/ DIRTY = wrinkle sth or sth wrinkles (I or T) to make something become creased (= not smooth) or untidy: --> rumpled (a) = wrinkled (a). A wrinkled/ rumpled shirt Eg: You'll rumple your jacket if you don't hang it up properly. You'll wrinkle your dress if you don't hang it up shortly after washing. Your dress will wrinkle if you don't hang it up shortly after washing. Sunbathing can prematurely age and wrinkle the skin. *tip: rumple rhymes with wrinkle"

Ratify

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT (especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official: Eg: Many countries have now ratified the UN convention on the rights of the child. The decision will have to be ratified (= approved) by the executive board. Tip: if you rectify the error in the report it might get ratified(approved) by the professor.

X Unfounded

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT If a claim or piece of news is unfounded, it is not based on fact: Eg: Our fears about the weather proved totally unfounded. Speculation about a divorce proved totally unfounded.

Affirm

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT confirm Eg: I can affirm that no one will lose his or her job.

Corroborate

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT to add information in support of an idea, opinion, or statement: Eg: Recent research seems to corroborate the theory. Tip: just focus on borate part of this word -- Borate test is a confirmatory test in chemistry.

Endorse

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT to make a public statement of your approval or support for something or someone: Eg: I fully endorse (= agree with) everything the Chairperson has said. to support something Eg: I wonder how many celebrities actually use the products they endorse.

Validate

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT to make something officially acceptable or approved, especially after examining it: Eg: The data is validated automatically by the computer after it has been entered. It is a one-year course validated by London's City University.

Substantiate

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT to show something to be true, or to support a claim with facts: Eg: We have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him. They have enough evidence to substantiate complaints of vandalism (a person who intentionally damages property belonging to other people).

Testify

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT to speak seriously about something, especially in a law court, or to give or provide proof: Eg: He testified that he had seen the man leaving the building around the time of the murder.

Clinch

From List-13 CONFIRM/ SUPPORT to succeed in making an agreement certain, esp. after a long period of discussion: Eg: The deal was clinched when they agreed to share the shipping costs. When they said the job would involve travelling to Paris, that clinched it (for her) (= that made her certain that she wanted the job).

Impasse /ˈɪm.pæs/ (singular)

From List-13 DEAD END = deadlock /ˈded.lɑːk/ (S or U) = dead end (sing) a situation in which progress is impossible, especially because the people involved cannot agree: Eg: The dispute had *reached an impasse*, as neither side would compromise. be *at/remain at an impasse*. With negotiations at an impasse, analysts warn the uncertainty may harm supermarket stocks. to *declare/reach* an impasse to *break/end/resolve* an impasse Tip: im(IMPOSSIBLE)+passe(PASS)....IMPOSSIBLE TO PASS through a canal, which has no way to escape.

Stalemate (C or U, usually singular) /ˈsteɪlmeɪt/

From List-13 DEAD END a situation in which neither group involved in an argument can win or get an advantage and no action can be taken: = impasse Eg: Despite long discussions, the workers and the management remain locked in stalemate. The talks ended in (a) stalemate. proposals aimed at breaking (= ending) the political stalemate in chess, a position in which one player is unable to move, but their king is not being attacked, which means that neither of the two players wins >< *checkmate*

Sacrilege /ˈsæk.rə.lɪdʒ/ (S or U)

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS (an act of) treating something holy or important without respect: Eg: Muslims consider it sacrilege to wear shoes inside a mosque. It would be a sacrilege to put a neon sign on that beautiful old building. Tip: SACRED+ LEG.....if we touch our leg to a sacred statue it will be violation of sacred statue

Profane (/prəˈfeɪn/)

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS (esp. of words) offensive because of not respecting religion, or offensive because of being rude: Eg: His letter is too profane to print, but it is very funny, too. Tourists are urged not to be profane in holy places by wearing improper clothes. Tip: when a person is a fan" of porn" films then he is voliated from the good ppl'z gang

X Sacrosanct /ˈsæk.rə.sæŋkt/

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS = sacred (in the sense that sth is very important and respectable, not related to God or holy) = linh thieng, quy bau, quy gia Eg: I'm willing to help on any weekday, but my weekends are sacrosanct. His time with his children was sacrosanct.

Impious /ˈɪm.pi.əs/

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS disrespectful towards God or religion Eg: The impious man began to pray in an inappropriate fashion Tip: pious means religious...so with a -ve prefix,impious means not religious....so a person who is not religious lacks respect for god. synonym:IMPIETY

* Anoint /əˈnɔɪnt/ (T)

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS to put oil or water on somebody's head as part of a religious ceremony Eg: The priest anointed her with oil. Anoint also means to choose someone or something for a particular job or purpose; designate: Eg: He anointed his eldest son *as* his successor. (anoint sb as sth) = appoint/ designate sb as sth (Don't appoint a stupid person as director of a company) = appoint/ designate (/ˈdez.ɪɡ.neɪt/) sb to do/ be sth to make someone king or queen, especially as part of a religious ceremony: In 751 Pepin was *anointed king*. (anoint sb sth)

Blasphemy/ Blaspheme (/ˈblæs.fə.mi/) (U/C)

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS to use offensive words or make statements that show no respect for God or religion Eg: Protests over 'blasphemy' in the arts are not new. to be accused of blasphemy figurative humorous Madonna fans think that any criticism of her is blasphemy.

Desecrate /ˈdes.ə.kreɪt/ (T)

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS = si nhuc, si bang to damage or show no respect towards something holy or very much respected Eg: Please do not desecrate the monument or surrounding area. It's a crime to desecrate the country's flag. Tip: pronounce it as de-sacred; i.e; spoiling its sanctity or sacredness.

X Consecrate /ˈkɑːn.sə.kreɪt/ T

From List-13 DISRESPECTING SACRED THINGS = thank hoa to officially make something holy and suitable to be used for religious ceremonies: Eg: The church was completed and consecrated in the 1890s. The new cathedral was completed and consecrated in 2002. Tip: Consecrate = Con + Secrate (sounds like SACRED).SACRED is "holy". It refers to holiness when one dedicates his life to "god".

Innocuous

From List-13 HARMLESS/KIND completely harmless (= causing no harm): Eg: Some mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact poisonous.

Solicitous (+) /səˈlɪs.ɪ.t̬əs/

From List-13 HELPFUL showing care and helpful attention to someone: = attentive Eg: He made a solicitous enquiry after her health. Carla becomes angry at her overly solicitous mother. He was very attentive to her when she was ill. A good teacher is always attentive to their students' needs.

Officious (-) /əˈfɪʃ.əs/

From List-13 HELPFUL = self-important = arrogant intrusively offering help; too eager to tell people what to do and having too high an opinion of your own importance: Eg: He's an officious little man and widely disliked in the company. The officious man didn't realize that his help was not needed. Tip: OFFICIOUS,the first part of the word sounds similar to office. Imagine a government office where people poke their nose in other's affairs, they are INTERFERING.

Vestige /ˈves.tɪdʒ/

From List-13 LEFT-OVER a small part or amount of something larger, stronger, or more important that still exists from something that existed in the past: = trace Eg: These old buildings are the last vestiges of a colonial past. There is now no vestige of hope that the missing children will be found alive. Eg: think of in + vestigate, where we look for traces or remains of something.

Remnant

From List-13 LEFT-OVER a small piece or amount of something that is left from a larger original piece or amount: Eg: the remnants of last night's meal The shop is selling remnants of cloth at half price.

Residual

From List-13 LEFT-OVER remaining after most of something has gone: Eg: I still felt some residual bitterness ten years after my divorce. There are still a few residual problems with the computer program.

* Modicum /ˈmɑː.dɪ.kəm/ (S)

From List-13 LEFT-OVER = trace (CN) (of sth) = (a) bit (of sth) a small amount of something good such as truth or honesty: Eg: There's not even *a modicum of truth* in her statement. Anyone with *a modicum of common sense* could have seen that the plan wouldn't work. There was the faintest *trace of a smile* on her lips. "How wonderful!" she said, without any *trace of sarcasm*.

Unanimous

From List-13 MUTUAL AGREEMENT If a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about one particular matter or vote the same way, and if a decision or judgment is unanimous, it is formed or supported by everyone in a group: Eg: The jury returned a unanimous verdict of guilty after a short deliberation. After a lengthy discussion we reached a unanimous decision on the proposal.

Consensus (S or U)

From List-13 MUTUAL AGREEMENT a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people: Eg: The general consensus in the office is that he can't do his job. Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let's take a vote.

Perfunctory /pɚˈfʌŋk.tɚ.i/

From List-13 NOT THROUGH/ SUPERFICIALLY done quickly and without showing that you care or have much interest Eg: She asked a few *perfunctory questions* about my family and then ended the conversation. Many institutions provide only *perfunctory advising and/or counseling* His smile was perfunctory. Tip: PARAI(other's)+FACTORY - if you are told to take care of somebody else's factory, you would casually care about it

Cursory

From List-13 NOT THROUGH/ SUPERFICIALLY done quickly with little attention to detail: Eg: He gave the picture a cursory glance. a cursory glance/look a cursory examination Tip: relate it to the cursor on your computer screen..the mouse is used to move the cursor hastily without going into minor details

Summarily /ˌsʌmˈer.əl.i/

From List-13 NOT THROUGH/ SUPERFICIALLY = tu dung, bat thinh linh, khong bao truoc suddenly, without discussion or a legal process: (tip: summary: tom tat, nhanh gon --> summarily: nhanh gon, bat thinh ling) Eg: He was summarily dismissed from his job.

Robust

From List-13 PHYSICALLY STRONG (of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail: Eg: He looks robust and healthy enough. The candidate for the football team had a robust physique.

Rugged

From List-13 PHYSICALLY STRONG strong and simple; not delicate Eg: Jeeps are rugged vehicles, designed for rough conditions. If a man's face is rugged, it is strongly and attractively formed: Eg: She fell for his rugged good looks.

Vigorous /ˈvɪɡ.ɚ.əs/

From List-13 PHYSICALLY STRONG = manh me, manh liet, soi noi very forceful or energetic; healthy and strong + exercise, debate, plants Eg: There has been *vigorous opposition to* the proposals for a new road. They conducted a vigorous campaign against tax fraud. She was a *vigorous opponent of* the government. a *vigorous debates* on/ over/ about sth He takes plenty of *vigorous exercise*. Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote *vigorous growth* in the spring.

Hinder

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT To limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something: Eg: A poor diet can hinder mental and physical growth. I don't know if these changes are going to help or hinder the team.

Check

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT stop or restrain Eg: The government is determined to check the growth of public spending.

Obstruct

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to block or get in the way of something or someone, or to prevent something from happening or progressing by causing difficulties: Eg: Demonstrators obstructed the entrance to the building. Trees obstructed our view of the ocean.

Impede/ Impedement

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to make it more difficult for something to happen or more difficult for someone to do something: Eg: Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way. Shortages of medicine were impeding the effort to control diseases.

Retard

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to make something slower: Eg: Reductions in pollution levels could retard global warming. The progression of the disease can be retarded by early surgery. a stupid or mentally slow person: Eg: I'm not playing with him, he's a total retard.

Inhibit

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed : Eg: Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers. ​ to slow down a process or the growth of something: Eg: This drug inhibits the growth of tumours. Tip: 'Prohibit' means forbade someone to do anything. 'Inhibit' means to make obstacle in doing something

Foil

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to prevent someone or something from being successful Eg: The prisoners' attempt to escape was foiled at the last minute when police received a tip-off.

Forestall

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to prevent something from happening by acting first: Eg: The company executives forestalled criticism by inviting union leaders to meet. Many doctors prescribe aspirin to forestall second heart attacks. Tip: Fore means before. Stall means to stop. Hence Forestall == Before Stop. i.e to stop something before it happens.

Stymie

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose: Eg: In our search for evidence, we were stymied by the absence of any recent documents. Tip: Stymie is a negative word. Stymie means "tie me". i.e., prevent from moving forward.

Preclude

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something: Eg: His contract precludes him from discussing his work with anyone outside the company. Tip: PRECLUDE is to EXCLUDE or keep out, whereas INCLUDE which is its opposite means to take in as part of a group.

Frustrate

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to prevent the plans or efforts of someone or something from being achieved: Eg: The student's indifference frustrated the teacher's efforts to help him. to make someone feel annoyed or less confident because they cannot achieve what they want: Eg: It frustrates me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.

Thwart

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT to stop something from happening or someone from doing something: Eg: Our holiday plans were thwarted by the airline pilots' strike

Deter

From List-13 RESTRICT/ STOP/ PREVENT sb from (doing) sth = prevent to prevent or discourage someone from doing something: Eg: High prices are deterring a lot of young couples from buying houses. These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.

Drab

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING boring, especially in appearance; having little colour and excitement: Eg: She walked through the city centre with its drab, grey buildings and felt depressed. I feel so drab in this grey uniform. Tip: rhymes with crab, which is a dull creature.

Stark

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING empty, simple, or obvious, especially without decoration or anything that is not necessary: Eg: It was a stark room with a bed and chair as the only furniture. The stark reality is that we are operating at a huge loss. The stark interior of the place did not attract people looking for flamboyance. Stark also means completely clear: Eg: The dim halls made a stark contrast with the bright, sun-drenched apartment.

Bland

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING lacking a strong or particular flavor; not interesting: Eg: This sauce has a sharp taste and isn't bland at all. I find chicken a little bland. Pop music these days is so bland.

Wobbly /ˈwɑː.bəl.i/ (A or n)

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE (a) likely to wobble: Eg: a wobbly ladder/table I've been in bed with flu and my legs still feel a little wobbly. The baby took a few wobbly steps towards me. (n) to become extremely angry and upset: Eg: My parents threw a wobbly when they found out I'd had a party while they were away.

Aground/ To run/go aground

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE If a boat or ship is aground, it is unable to move because it is touching ground or in a place where there is very little water: Eg: The ship is currently aground off the Brittany coast. touching the ground below the water: Eg: The tanker ran aground and leaked 11 million gallons of crude oil. The oil tanker ran/went aground on a mud bank in thick fog.

Founder

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE someone who establishes an organization: Eg: She is the founder and managing director of the company. to fill with water and sink, or fig. to fail Eg: The ship foundered in a heavy storm. fig. Plans for a new airport have foundered because of budget cuts.

Wobble /ˈwɑː.bəl/

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE to (cause something to) shake or move from side to side in a way that shows poor balance: Eg: That bookcase wobbles whenever you put anything on it. Don't wobble the table, please, Dan. The company's shares wobbled with the news of a foreign takeover bid. to be uncertain what to do or to change repeatedly between two opinions = waver between A and B = dither over + what/ who... Eg: The government can't afford to *wobble on* this issue.

Fumble

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE to do something awkwardly, especially when using your hands Eg: He fumbled with the buttons on his shirt. Jack fumbled in his pocket for the keys. My mind went blank, and I began to fumble for words. in sport, to fail to catch a ball: Eg: If Wilson hadn't fumbled that catch, we might have won the match.

Flounder (v) and (n)

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE to experience great difficulties or be completely unable to decide what to do or say next: Eg: She floundered around in the water. He lost the next page of his speech and floundered for a few seconds. His business was flourishing, but his marriage was floundering. He lost the next page of his speech and *floundered around/about* for a few seconds. Although his business was a success, his marriage was *floundering*. Richardson resigned as chairman, *leaving the company floundering*. Tip: Sounds similar to founder.. a startup founder has to face lots of difficulties in the beginning.

Falter

From List-13 UNSTEADY WALK/ HESITATE to move awkwardly as if you might fall: Eg: The nurse saw him falter and made him lean on her. to lose strength or purpose and pause or stop = nguoi dan, bot dan, ngot dan, yeu dan Eg: His career began to falter. The dinner party conversation faltered for a moment. Her friends never *faltered in their belief* in her. Nickie's voice faltered and he stopped speaking. The economy shows no signs of faltering. Her *courage* never faltered. The *economy* is beginning to falter. The team's performance faltered badly after the break. Tip: falter is like farter.. who farts a lot.. people hesitate farting in public.. so HESITATE

Titular /ˈtɪtʃ.ə.lɚ/ (before noun)

From List-13 WITHOUT REAL POWER having the title of a position but not the responsibilities, duties, or power; in name only: Eg: It is already agreed that Mr Alfonso Escamez will be the titular head of the new bank. Tip: TITULAR - TIT + U + LAR - TITLED + YOU + ARE. Titled you are but unfortunately with no power.

Nominal

From List-13 WITHOUT REAL POWER in name or thought but not in fact or not as things really are: Eg: She's the nominal head of our college - the real work is done by her deputy. A nominal amount of money is very small compared to an expected price or value: Eg: For a nominal fee, they will deliver orders to customers' homes.

Figurehead /ˈfɪɡ.jɚ.hed/

From List-13 WITHOUT REAL POWER someone who has the position of leader in an organization but who has no real power: Eg: The president of this company is just a figurehead - the Chief Executive has day-to-day control.

Dally /ˈdæl.i/ I

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time = stall

Dawdle /ˈdɑː.dəl/

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time She told her daughter to quit dawdling and get dressed or she'd be late for school Stop dawdling! You'll be late for school! = day dua, le me

Malinger (/məˈlɪŋ.ɡɚ/)

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time They weren't sure if she was really ill, or just malingering

Dither /ˈdɪð.ɚ/ (I)

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time to be unable to make a decision about doing something *Stop dithering* and choose which one you want! She's still *dithering over* whether to kill that miserable horrible lady at work.

Diffuse

From List-1: SPREAD

Disseminate

From List-1: SPREAD

Propogate

From List-1: SPREAD

Promulgate /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/ (T)

From List-1: SPREAD to spread beliefs or ideas among a lot of people or *announce* The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year.

Didactic

From List-1: TODO WITH TEACHING

Pedantic

From List-1: TODO WITH TEACHING

Vicious

From List-2 BITTER FEELINGS/ ILL-WILL Vicious people or actions show an intention or wish to hurt someone or something very badly Eg: The police said that this was one of the most vicious attacks they'd ever seen.

Rancour (ˈræŋ.kɚ/)

From List-2 BITTER FEELINGS/ ILL-WILL bitter anger or unfriendly feelings = hatred, anger, grudge Eg: Can we settle this disagreement without rancour? They cheated me, but I feel no rancour towards/against them.

Malevolent

From List-2 BITTER FEELINGS/ ILL-WILL causing or wanting to cause harm or evil Eg: The central character is a malevolent witch(a woman who is believed to have magical powers and who uses them to harm or help other people) out for revenge.

Malice

From List-2 BITTER FEELINGS/ ILL-WILL the wish to harm or upset other people Eg: The ghosts are described as if they bear actual malice towards humans.

Virulent /ˈvɪr.jə.lənt/ (a)

From List-2 BITTER FEELINGS/ ILL-WILL (of a disease) dangerous and spreading quickly, or (of poison) having an effect very quickly Eg: A particularly virulent strain of flu has recently claimed a number of lives in the region. The COVID-19 has mutated into a more virulent strain. full of hate and violent opposition Eg: The newspaper carried out a virulent attack on the politicians.

Prudent

From List-2 CAUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY careful and avoiding risks. = cautious Eg: It's always prudent to read a contract carefully before signing it.

Chary /ˈtʃer.i/

From List-2 CAUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY = canh giac, not trusting anything completely = *wary of/ about* sth = *cautious about* = *leery of* (not trusting completing and avoiding sth) = careful not to take risks = *circumspect /ˈsɝː.kəm.spekt/ about* sth uncertain and frightened to take risks, or unwilling to take action Eg: I'm a bit *chary of* using a travel agency that doesn't have official registration.

Querulous (a) (/ˈkwer.jə.ləs/)

From List-2 COMPLAIN(LOW DEGREE) often complaining, especially in a weak high voice = whiny = fretful (/ˈfret.fəl/) Eg: He became increasingly dissatisfied and querulous in his old age.

Carp (I) /kɑːrp/

From List-2 COMPLAIN(LOW DEGREE) to complain all the time about matters that are not important = beo nheo, lai nhai Eg: I can't stand the way he's always carping.

Grouse

From List-2 COMPLAIN(LOW DEGREE) to complain angrily Eg: She's always grousing about how she's been treated by the management.

Captious /ˈkæp.ʃəs/

From List-2 COMPLAIN(LOW DEGREE) = hay bat be, xoi moi often expressing criticisms about matters that are not important Eg: I had become captious and unreasonable: my temper was utterly spoilt.

X Daredavil

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY a person who does dangerous things and takes risks Eg: He liked taking risks and had a legendary reputation as a daredevil.

X Foolhardy

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY brave in a silly way, taking unnecessary risks Eg: It would be foolhardy to try and predict the outcome of the talks at this stage.

Circumspect /ˈsɝː.kəm.spekt/

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY careful not to take risks; Wary and unwilling to take risks. Eg: He was very circumspect in his financial affairs. Officials were circumspect about saying what the talks had achieved.

X Rash

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY careless or unwise, without thought for what might happen or result; done quickly and without good judgement. Eg: I think it was a bit rash of them to get married when they'd only known each other for a few weeks.

X Reckless

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results Eg: He was found guilty of reckless driving

Gingerly (ˈdʒɪn.dʒɚ.li/)

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY in a way that is careful or cautious; In a careful or cautious manner. Eg: Holding her painful back, she sat down gingerly on the bench.

Wary

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY not completely trusting or certain about something or someone. Eg: I'm a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know them very well.

Leery

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY not trusting someone or something and usually avoiding him, her, or it if possible. Eg: The government is leery of changing the current law.

Heedful

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY paying careful attention to something or someone. Eg: The government should be heedful of the impact of inflation on savings.

X Folly U or C /ˈfɑː.li/

From List-2 COUTIOUS / CAREFULL / X RISKY the fact of being stupid, or a stupid action, idea, etc Eg: Giving up a secure job seems to be the height of folly. *It* would *be folly for* the country *to* become involved in the war.

Pitfall

From List-2 DANGER a likely mistake or problem in a situation Eg: There's a video that tells new students about pitfalls to avoid. an unexpected danger or difficulty Eg: Getting professional advice will help you avoid the most obvious pitfalls.

Precarious

From List-2 DANGER in danger because not firmly fixed; likely to fall or suffer harm Eg: The museum is in financially precarious condition.

Jeopardy

From List-2 DANGER in danger of being damaged or destroyed Eg: She knew that failing her exams could jeopardize her whole future.

Snare /sneər/ (C)

From List-2 DANGER = trap a trick or situation that deceives you or involves you in some problem that you do not know about Eg: The legal system is full of snares for those who are not wary.

Tirade /ˈtaɪ.reɪd/ /tɪˈreɪd/

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD a long, angry speech expressing strong disapproval Eg: She launched into an angry/furious tirade about how she had been unfairly treated.

Epithet /ˈep.ə.θet/ (CN)

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD an adjective added to a person's name or a phrase used instead of it, usually to criticize or praise them; abusive or criticizing word. = menh danh, con duoc goi voi ten goi la Eg: The singer's 104-kilo frame earned him the epithet of "Man Mountain" in the press. "old men are often unfairly awarded the epithet 'dirty

Diatribe ˈdaɪ.ə.traɪb/

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD an angry speech or piece of writing that severely criticizes something or someone Eg: He launched a bitter diatribe against the younger generation.

Invective /ɪnˈvek.tɪv/ (U)

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD criticism that is very forceful, unkind, and often rude Eg: A stream of invective from some sectors of the press continues to assail the government.

Denunciation

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD public criticism of something or someone Eg: All parties joined in bitter denunciation of the terrorists

Assail

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to attack someone violently or criticize someone strongly = berate = attack Eg: The actor was assailed for his performance in the movie.

Berate

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to criticize or speak in an angry manner to someone = assail = attack Eg: Doctors are often berated for being poor communicators, particularly when they have to give patients bad news.

Lambaste

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to criticize someone or something severely Eg: The coach lambasted the team for its poor play

Castigate

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to criticize someone or something severely Eg: The teacher castigated the students for not doing homework.

Revile /rɪˈvaɪl/ sb for sth

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to criticize someone strongly, or say unpleasant things to or about someone = *c*riticize = *c*hastise = *c*astigate sb for sth = decry sth similar to denounce = criticize sth strongly and publicly Eg: The judge was reviled in the newspapers for his opinions on rape.

Denounce

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to criticize something or someone strongly and publicly Eg: The government's economic policy has been denounced on all sides.

Fulminate

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to criticize strongly Eg: He was always fulminating against interference from the government.

Rile

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to make someone angry Eg: Don't let her rile you.

Rant

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to speak, write or shout in a loud, uncontrolled, or angry way, often saying confused or silly things = rant (just speak) Eg: He may rant, rave and lecture, but he will have to adjust.

Excoriate

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to write or say that a play, book, political action, etc. is very bad Eg: His latest novel received excoriating reviews.

Vituperative /vaɪˈtuː.pə.reɪ.t̬ɪv/ used with attack(s)

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD = scathing = gay gat, cay dang = severe and unkind disparaging /dɪˈsper.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/ = derogatory = giem pha, miet thi, coi re, kinh thuong, kinh khi, che bai = severe + disrespectful Eg: He delivers vituperative attacks on those who try to expose him.

Decry

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to criticize something as bad, without value, or unnecessary Eg: Lawyers decried the imprisonment of several journalists

Upbraid (/ʌpˈbreɪd/) T

From List-2 DISAPPROVE/ SCOLD to forcefully or angrily tell someone they should not have done a particular thing and criticize them for having done it: = chi trich, phe phan = reproach, reprimand Eg: In newspaper articles she consistently upbraided those in authority who overstepped their limits.

Aversion

From List-2 HATE (a person or thing that causes) a feeling of strong dislike or of not wishing to do something Eg: I felt an instant aversion to his parents.

Repugnant (/rɪˈpʌɡ.nənt/) (a)

From List-2 HATE Extremely distasteful; unacceptable, (repugnant to)In conflict or incompatible with; If behaviour or beliefs, etc. are repugnant, they are very unpleasant, causing a feeling of disgust. = distasteful = unacceptable = unpleasant Eg: The idea of cheating in an exam is morally repugnant to me. a repugnant smell I find your attitude towards these women quite repugnant.

Repel

From List-2 HATE People or things that repel you make you feel strongly that you do not want to be near, see, or think about them: Eg: She was repelled by his ugliness.

Odious

From List-2 HATE extremely unpleasant and causing or deserving hate. Eg: It was one of the most odious crimes of recent history.

Repulsion

From List-2 HATE strong dislike or disapproval. Eg: A look of repulsion flashed across her face.

Animosity

From List-2 HATE strong dislike, opposition, or anger Eg: Of course we're competitive, but there's no personal animosity between us.

Abhor

From List-2 HATE to hate a way of behaving or thinking, often because you think it is not moral Eg: He abhorred sexism in every form

Loathe

From List-2 HATE to hate someone or something Eg: "Do you like fish?" "No, I loathe it."

Detest

From List-2 HATE to hate someone or something very much. Eg: Her detested older brother

Antipathy /ænˈtɪp.ə.θi/ (C or U)

From List-2 HATE = *hostility (U) to/ towards* = su cam ghet, cam thu = *distaste (U) for sth or look at sth with distaste* = *aversion (C, usually sing.) to sth* = *dislike (S or U) of sth* or *take a dislike to sth* a feeling of strong dislike, opposition, or anger Eg: Despite the deep antipathies between them, the two sides have managed to negotiate an agreement. Declarations of racial *antipathy against* ethnic minorities will not be tolerated. He is a private man with *a deep antipathy to/towards* the press.

Admonish

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING 1. reprove/ to tell someone that they have done something wrong: Eg: His mother admonished him for eating too quickly. 2. khuyen rang: strongly advise sb to do sth Her teacher admonished her to work harder for her exams.

Reprimand

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING A formal expression of disapproval. Eg: She was reprimanded by her teacher for biting another girl.

Rebuke

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING Express sharp disapproval or criticism of (someone) because of their behaviour or actions. Eg: She had rebuked him for drinking too much

Chide

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING Scold or rebuke. Eg: She chided him for not replying to her letters

Chastise

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING to criticize someone severely Eg: Charity organizations have chastised the government for not doing enough to prevent the latest famine in Africa.

Reproach (/rɪˈproʊtʃ/) (v)

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected = chastise = criticize = reprimand = admonish = reprove = rebuke = scold = chide sb for (doing) sth Eg: His mother reproached him for not eating all his dinner. You have nothing to reproach yourself for/with.

Reprove

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING to tell someone that you disapprove of their bad or silly behaviour; to disapprove of something or someone. Eg: The teacher gently reproved the boys for not paying attention.

Censure (T or U) /ˈsen.ʃɚ/

From List-2 MINOR SCOLDING/ WARNING = phe binh, khien trach = decry sth = chastise sb = chide sb FOR sth = criticize or censure + sb or sth FOR Express severe disapproval of (someone or something), especially in a formal statement. Eg: The company was heavily censured by inspectors from the Department of Trade Ministers were censured for their lack of decisiveness during the crisis. The likelihood is that he will be severely censured and possibly also fined. 2. strong criticism or disapproval His dishonest behaviour *came under* (=experience) severe censure.

Snicker

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT - to laugh at someone or something in a silly and often unkind way: Eg: What are you snickering at/about?

Lampoon /læmˈpuːn/ CN

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT a piece of writing, a drawing, etc. that criticizes a famous person or a public organization in a humorous way, allowing their or its bad qualities to be seen and making them or it seem stupid; publicly criticize by sing sarcasm or ridicule Eg: The magazine is famed for its merciless political lampoons.

Contempt

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something Eg: At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers.

Scorn

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or has no value Eg: Why do you always pour/heap scorn on (= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions? She has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians.

Satire

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way, or a piece of writing or play that uses this style: Eg: Her play was a biting/cruel satire on life in the 80s.

Sardonic

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT showing little respect in a humorous but unkind way, often because you think that you are too important to consider or discuss a matter: Eg: a sardonic smile/look/comment

Disdain U or T /dɪsˈdeɪn/

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT the feeling of not liking someone or something and thinking that they do not deserve your interest or respect. = ky, ghet Eg: I *feel disdain for* companies that mistreat their workers. He regards the political process *with disdain*. The mayor's *disdain for* his opponents was well known. verb. The older musicians disdain the new, rock-influenced music.

Codescend

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to behave in a way which shows that you consider yourself to be better or more intelligent than other people Eg: He treats his players fairly and never condescends to them

Disparage

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it: Eg: The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity.

Taunt

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to intentionally annoy and upset someone by making unkind remarks to them, laughing unkindly, etc. Eg: The other kids used to taunt him in the playground because he was fat and wore glasses.

Scoff

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to laugh and speak about a person or idea in a way that shows that you think they are stupid or silly. Eg: Years ago, people would have scoffed at the idea that cars would be built by robots.

Deride

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to laugh at someone or something in a way that shows you think they are stupid or of no value. Eg: He derided my singing as pathetic.

Jeer

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to laugh or shout insults at someone to show you have no respect for them. Eg: The people at the back of the hall jeered (at) the speaker.

Belittle

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to make a person or an action seem as if he, she or it is not important Eg: Stop belittling yourself - your work is highly valued

Abase

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to make yourself seem to be less important or to not deserve respect; Behave in a way that belittles or degrades (someone) Eg: I certainly don't abase myself when I do manual labour

Spurn /spɝːn/

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to refuse to accept something or someone because you feel that thing or person is not worth having Eg: She spurned my offers of help. Ellis plays the part of the young lover spurned by his mistress

Denigrate /ˈden.ə.ɡreɪt/

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to say that someone or something is not good or important = belittle = depreciate = make sth seem unimportant Eg: You shouldn't denigrate people just because they have different beliefs from you.

Sneer

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT to talk about or look at someone or something in an unkind way that shows you do not respect or approve of him, her, or it Eg: "Is that the best you can do?" he sneered.

Sarcastic

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT using sarcasm. Eg: a sarcastic comment/remark

Snide /snaɪd/ (a)

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT = ac y (especially of remarks) containing unpleasant criticism that is not clearly stated Eg: She made one or two snide remarks about their house, which I thought was a bit unnecessary.

Patronize /ˈpeɪ.trə.naɪz/ T

From List-2 MOCK/ DISRESPECT = treat sb like you are their superior to speak to or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not important. Eg: Stop patronizing me - I understand the play as well as you do.

Quaint /kweɪnt/

From List-2 OLD FASHIONED/ OUTDATED attractive because of being unusual and especially old-fashioned Eg: This is a quaint seaside village. what a quaint idea!: you do not approve of something, especially an opinion, belief, or way of behaving, because it is strange or old-fashioned:

Antediluvian (a) (/ˌæn.t̬i.dəˈluː.vi.ən/)

From List-2 OLD FASHIONED/ OUTDATED extremely old-fashioned = antiquated = co hu, lac hau Eg: My mother has some hopelessly antediluvian ideas about the role of women.

Outmoded

From List-2 OLD FASHIONED/ OUTDATED no longer modern, useful, or necessary Eg: The organizational structure is now outmoded.

Obsolete

From List-2 OLD FASHIONED/ OUTDATED not in use any more, having been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable Eg: With technological changes, many traditional skills have become obsolete.

Archaic /ɑːrˈkeɪ.ɪk/

From List-2 OLD FASHIONED/ OUTDATED of or belonging to an ancient period in history; extremely old-fashioned Eg: an archaic system of government

Dated

From List-2 OLD FASHIONED/ OUTDATED old-fashioned Eg: Those TV comedies were OK in their day but seem incredibly dated now.

Antiquated (/ˈæn.t̬ə.kweɪ.t̬ɪd/)

From List-2 OLD FASHIONED/ OUTDATED old-fashioned or unsuitable for modern society. Eg: It will take many years to modernize these antiquated industries.

Lionize (/ˈlaɪ.ə.naɪz/)

From List-2 PRAISE Give a lot of public attention and approval to (someone); make sb famous or treat sb as if they were famous = fete/ celebrate Eg: modern sportsmen are lionized and feted (honour or entertain (someone) lavishly). LION: brave and powerful

Hail (v) /heɪl/

From List-2 PRAISE Praise enthusiastically Eg: The conference was *hailed as* a great success Heppner has been hailed as one of the finest tenors in the operatic world today.

Eulogy (CN) (/ˈjuː.lə.dʒi/)

From List-2 PRAISE a speech, piece of writing, poem, etc. containing great praise, especially for someone who recently died or retired from work = dieu van, van te, bai ca tung, bai tan duong = panegyric (/ˌpæn.əˈdʒɪr.ɪk/) ON sb = encomium (/enˈkoʊ.mi.əm/) Eg: Several eulogies were given at the special assembly making the retirement of the company's long time president. He was the most self-effacing of men - the last thing he would have relished was a eulogy. The song was a *eulogy to* the joys of travelling

Approbation (/ˌæp.rəˈbeɪ.ʃən/) (U)

From List-2 PRAISE approval or agreement, often given by an official group; praise Eg: There was widespread approbation of the new president. The council has finally indicated its approbation of the plans.

Commendable (a)

From List-2 PRAISE deserving praise = praiseworthy = laudable (/ˈlɑː.də.bəl/) Eg: She showed commendable loyalty to the family firm

Plaudit (/ˈplɑː.dɪt/) (C usually pl)

From List-2 PRAISE praise Eg: The quality of his photography earned/won him plaudits from the experts.

Acclaim

From List-2 PRAISE public approval and praise Eg: Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well Hamlet was played by Ion Caramitrou *to rapturous/ much, etc acclaim.*

Laud

From List-2 PRAISE to praise Eg: The German leadership lauded the Russian initiative.

Glorify

From List-2 PRAISE to praise and honour God or a person Eg: A statue was erected to glorify the country's national heroes.

Exalt (/ɪɡˈzɑːlt/)

From List-2 PRAISE to praise someone a lot, or to raise someone to a higher rank or more powerful position Eg: His son was exalted to a high position in the government through family connections.

Extol (ɪkˈstoʊl/)

From List-2 PRAISE to praise something or someone very much Eg: His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies.

Applaud

From List-2 PRAISE to show enjoyment or approval of something such as a performance or speech by clapping the hands repeatedly to make a noise Eg: She was applauded for a full five minutes after her speech.

Accolade /ˈæk.ə.leɪd/ (C)

From List-2 PRAISE = phan thuong, thanh tich, su tan duong, khen thuong praise and approval; an award Eg: Meryl Streep has received many accolades for her performances. He was finally awarded the *ultimate accolade* —British Hairdresser of the Year—in 2007. He's been granted the *ultimate* accolade - his face on a postage stamp. Her approval was the *highest accolade* he could receive. *My parents' happiness is the highest accolade I could receive*.

X Orthodox

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL (of beliefs, ideas, or activities) considered traditional, normal, and acceptable by most people Eg: We would prefer a more orthodox approach/solution to the problem.

Heterodox

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL (of beliefs, ideas, or activities) different to and opposing generally accepted beliefs or standards Eg: Her heterodox approach to teaching science initially met with some resistance from the peers.

Heresy

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL (the act of having) an opinion or belief that is the opposite of or against what is the official or popular opinion, or an action that shows that you have no respect for the official opinion Eg: The concept of college athletes being paid to play sports was received as nothing short of heresy (= unusual opinions considered completely wrong).

Reactionary (/riˈæk.ʃən.er.i/)

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL a person who is opposed to political or social change or new ideas Eg: Reactionaries are preventing reforms.

Dissident (/ˈdɪs.ə.dənt/)

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL a person who publicly disagrees with and criticizes their government Eg: Union dissidents have challenged the leadership of the current president.

Iconoclast (aɪˈkɑː.nə.klæst/)

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL a person who strongly opposes generally accepted beliefs and traditions Eg: Notorious (famous for something bad) as an iconoclast, that critic isn't afraid to go against the societal rules. Rogers, an iconoclast in architecture, is sometimes described as putting the insides of buildings on the outside.

Maverick

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL a person who thinks and acts in an independent way, often behaving differently from the expected or usual way Eg: She is more maverick while I am slightly more conventional.

Insurrection

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL an organized attempt by a group of people to defeat their government and take control of their country, usually by violence Eg: An armed insurrection against the regime (a particular government, or a system or method of government)

Radical

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change; a person who supports great social and political change Eg: These people have very radical views relating to the most important parts of something or someone; complete or extreme Eg: I'm just having my hair trimmed - nothing radical.

Unconventional

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL different from what is usual or from the way most people do things Eg: an unconventional childhood/lifestyle/marriage

Revolutionary

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL involved in or relating to a revolution Eg: The effects of technological development are revolutionary

X conservative

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change Eg: Older people tend to be more conservative and a bit suspicious of anything new.

Heretical

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL opposite to or against the official or popular opinion, or showing no respect for the official opinion Eg: The religious people didn't cast vote in favour of the politician because of his heretical behaviour.

Insurgents

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL someone who is fighting against the government in their own country Eg: There was an attack by armed insurgents.

Nonconformist

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL someone who lives and thinks in a way that is different from other people Eg: He was a nonconformist when he was in college.

Subvert /səbˈvɝːt/

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system Eg: The book describes the techniques that Hitler used to subvert democracy in the Weimar Republic. Our best intentions are sometimes subverted by our natural tendency to selfishness The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.

Renegade /ˈren.ə.ɡeɪd/ (disapproving)

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL Kẻ phản bội (phản đảng, phản đạo) Người nổi loạn, người sống ngoài vòng pháp luật = apostate /əˈpɑː.steɪt/ = turncoat (disapproving) a person who has changed their feelings of support and duty from one political, religious, national, etc. group to a new one Eg: A band of renegades had captured the prince and were holding him to ransom (a large amount of money that is demanded in exchange for someone who has been taken prisoner, or sometimes for an animal)

Canon (usually plural)

From List-2 RULE/ PRINCIPLE/ LAW A general law, rule, principle, or criterion by which something is judged, especially in Christian Church Eg: The appointment violated the canons of fair play and equal opportunity

Dictum

From List-2 RULE/ PRINCIPLE/ LAW Eg: a short statement, especially one expressing advice or a general truth. = proverb = saying Eg: He followed the famous American dictum "Don't get mad, get even".

Doctrine

From List-2 RULE/ PRINCIPLE/ LAW a belief or set of beliefs, especially political or religious ones, that are taught and accepted by a particular group. Eg: The president said he would not go against sound military doctrine.

Dogma /ˈdɑːɡ.mə/ C or U

From List-2 RULE/ PRINCIPLE/ LAW a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts Eg: I confess that I have a certain difficulty in accepting this dogma.

Axiom

From List-2 RULE/ PRINCIPLE/ LAW a formal statement or principle in mathematics, science, etc., from which other statements can be obtained Eg: Euclid's axioms form the foundation of his system of geometry.

Tenet (C) /ˈten.ɪt/

From List-2 RULE/ PRINCIPLE/ LAW one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based. Eg: It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual's mental health is supported by having good social networks.

Smirk

From List-2 SELF SATISFACTION (-VE) a smile that expresses satisfaction or pleasure about having done something or knowing something that is not known by someone else Eg: "Maybe your husband does things that you don't know about," he said with a smirk.

Complacent

From List-2 SELF SATISFACTION (-VE) feeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder Eg: We can't afford to become complacent about any of our products.

Gloat

From List-2 SELF SATISFACTION (-VE) to feel or express great pleasure or satisfaction because of your own success or good luck, or someone else's failure or bad luck. Eg: "This is our fourth victory in a row," he gloated She's continually *gloating over/about* her new job. I know I shouldn't *gloat*, but it really serves him right. His enemies were quick to *gloat at* his humiliation. [ + speech ] "This is our fourth victory in a row," he gloated. ha he

Smug

From List-2 SELF SATISFACTION (-VE) = dac chi, tu suong, chu quan too pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know He's been unbearably smug since he gave up smoking. There was a hint of smug self-satisfaction in her voice. She deserved her promotion, but I wish she wasn't so *smug about* it.

Chronicle

From List-2 TIME RELATED WORDS A factual written account of important or historical events in the order of their occurrence; a written record of historical events Eg: a chronicle of the French Revolution

Anachronism /əˈnæk.rə.nɪ.zəm/ (CN)

From List-2 TIME RELATED WORDS a person, thing, or idea that exists out of its time in history, especially one that happened or existed later than the period being shown, discussed, etc. = thu lo thoi Eg: For some people, marriage is an anachronism from the days when women needed to be protected.

Chronological

From List-2 TIME RELATED WORDS following the order in which a series of events happened Eg: Give me the dates in chronological order.

Drub

From List-2 TO DEFEAT/ SURRENDER Defeat thoroughly in a match or contest. Eg: The host team was drubbed in the rugby match.

# Capitulate (I) /kəˈpɪtʃ.ə.leɪt/

From List-2 TO DEFEAT/ SURRENDER to accept *military defeat* Eg: Their forces capitulated five hours after the bombardment of the city began. to accept something or agree to do something unwillingly Eg: The sports minister today *capitulated to* calls for his resignation

Rout T /raʊt/

From List-2 TO DEFEAT/ SURRENDER to defeat an enemy completely and force them to run away, to defeat an opponent completely. Eg: The Russian chess team routed all the rest.

Vanquish

From List-2 TO DEFEAT/ SURRENDER to defeat an enemy or opponent, especially in war Eg: The enemy was vanquished in the battle.

Subjugate /ˈsʌb.dʒə.ɡeɪt/

From List-2 TO DEFEAT/ SURRENDER to defeat people or a country and rule them in a way that allows them no freedom = no dich hoa Eg: Terror was used purposefully to subjugate the entire population.

Pulverize

From List-2 TO DEFEAT/ SURRENDER to press or crush something until it becomes powder or a soft mass (figuratively, informal) to defeat someone easily, Defeat utterly. Eg: Surely yes, because sooner or later (preferably sooner) he's going to explode onto the scene, and when he does the opposition will be pulverised. Seashells were pulverized by the ocean's waves.

Beleaguer /bɪˈliː.ɡɚ/

From List-2 TROUBLED having a lot of problems or difficulties Eg: The lack of funds beleaguers a lot of schools in the area. We have issues in our community that continue to plague and beleaguer us.

Beset

From List-2 TROUBLED having a lot of trouble with something, or having to deal with a lot of something that causes problems Eg: Pollution is the greatest problem besetting the city today.

Plague

From List-2 TROUBLED 1. to cause worry, pain, or difficulty to someone or something over a period of time Eg: My shoulder's been plaguing me all week. Financial problems have been plaguing their new business partners. 2. to annoy someone, especially by asking repeated questions: Eg: The children plagued him with questions all through lunch He's been plaguing me for a loan of the book. = badger sb to do sth/ sb into doing sth = pester sb to do sth / sb for sth (pester and plague are annoying but not badger)

Polemic

From List-3 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE a piece of writing or a speech in which a person strongly attacks or defends a particular opinion, person, idea, or set of beliefs Eg: She has published a fierce anti-war polemic.

Disputatious /ˌdɪs.pjuːˈteɪ.ʃəs/

From List-3 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border Eg: He's a disputatious young man (= he argues a lot). Disputatious and difficult, he was not much missed when he resigned his post.

Hostility

From List-3 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE an occasion when someone is unfriendly or shows that they do not like something Eg: They showed open (= obvious) hostility to/towards their new neighbours.

Contentious

From List-3 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE causing, involving, or likely to cause disagreement and argument Eg: The director had a contentious relationship with the eccentric actor.

Litigious /lɪˈtɪdʒ.əs/

From List-3 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE too often taking arguments to a court of law for a decision Eg: The US is the most litigious society in the world.

Belligerent /bəˈlɪdʒ.ɚ.ənt/

From List-3 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE wishing to fight or argue Eg: Watch out! Lee's in a belligerent mood. fighting a war Eg: The belligerent countries are having difficulties funding the war.

Fractious /ˈfræk.ʃəs/

From List-3 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE 1. hay tranh cai, hay mau thuan tending to argue, fight, or complain, and hard to control Eg: the fractious nature of politics fractious relationships 2. hay gian doi. easily upset or annoyed, and often complaining a fractious child

Accord

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY (a formal) agreement Eg: On 31 May the two leaders signed a peace accord. to treat someone specially, usually by showing respect Eg: The massed crowds of supporters accorded him a hero's welcome.

X Faction

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY a group within a larger group, esp. one with slightly different ideas than the main group Eg: The president's advisors represent every faction of his party.

Consonance

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY a situation in which people are peaceful and agree with each other, or when things seem right or suitable together Eg: Martin Luther King's vision of consonance still seems radical.

Concord /ˈkɑːŋ.kɔːrd/ (U)

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY agreement and peace between countries and people Eg: Living in concord with people of different races and religions.

Conformity

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY behaviour that follows the usual standards that are expected by a group or society Eg: The corporate culture demands a certain conformity of appearance. It's depressing how much conformity there is in such young children. the process of a product being made as it was designed, without mistakes or faults Eg: Our goal is to improve conformity with customer requirements.

X Dissonance

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY disagreement Eg: The dissonance is between what we are told and what we see with our own eyes.

Harmonious

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY friendly and peaceful Eg: harmonious relations between the country's ethnic groups

Congruous

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY the same as, or in agreement with, other facts or principles Eg: When performing his official duties, the president must be dressed in clothes that are congruous with his high position.

X Discord (/ˈdɪs.kɔːrd/) (U)

From List-3 AGREEMENT/ HARMONY the state of not agreeing or sharing opinions Eg: The plan to build the highway created discord in our community. A note of discord has crept into relations between the two countries.

Combat

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT a fight, especially during a war Eg: No one knew how many troops had died in combat. to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing Eg: The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drug abuse.

Altercation /ˌɑːl.tɚˈkeɪ.ʃən/

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT a loud argument or disagreement = quarrel /ˈkwɔːr.əl/ = fight (not physically) Eg: According to witnesses, the altercation between the two men started inside the restaurant.

X Truce

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT a short interruption in a war or argument, or an agreement to stop fighting or arguing for a period of time Eg: After years of rivalry the two companies have agreed (us agreed to) a truce.

Squabble /ˈskwɑː.bəl/ (v or CN)

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT an argument over something that is not important Eg: Polly and Susie were having a squabble about who was going to hold the dog's lead. I don't wanna squabble *with him over* nothing

Row

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT noisy argument or fight Eg: My parents often have rows, but my dad does most of the shouting. What was a political row over government policy on Europe is fast becoming a diplomatic row between France and Britain.

Bicker (v) /ˈbɪk.ɚ/ (I)

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT to argue about things that are not important Eg: After prolonged bickering, they finally managed to find a movie that both of them were interested in seeing. They're always *bicker*ing with each other *about/over* their personal problems. There's no point *quibbl*ing *about/over* a couple of dollars.

Quibble

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT to argue about, or say you disapprove of, something that is not important Eg: There's no point quibbling about/over a couple of dollars.

Contend

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT to compete in order to win something Eg: He's contending against someone with twice his experience. to say that something is true or is a fact Eg: The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the scene of the crime.

Tussle

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT to have difficult disagreements or strong arguments Eg: During his twelve years in Congress he has tussled with the chemical, drug and power companies on behalf of the ordinary person.

Scuffle /ˈskʌf.əl/ CN

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT = fight a short and sudden fight, especially one involving a small number of people Eg: Two police officers were injured in scuffles with demonstrators at Sunday's protest. The quarrel has quickly turned into a scuffle. But that b*itch Mot deserves it. He is a scumbag

Brawl /brɑːl/ CN

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT = scuffle a noisy, rough, uncontrolled fight Eg: There was a brawl in the parliament when the pact was debated.

Bigot /ˈbɪɡ.ət/ -> bigoted (/ˈbɪɡ.ə.t̬ɪd/) (a)

From List-3 BIASED a person who has strong, unreasonable beliefs and who does not like other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life ng bao thu Eg: He was removed from the committee for making bigoted remarks. Xirt is a bigot

Prejudice

From List-3 BIASED an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge Eg: The experience merely confirmed all his prejudices about living in the city (v) + sth = has a harmful influence on it OR + sth/ sb = lam cho ai do co dinh kien His comments may have prejudiced the voters *against* her. Eg: The fact that you were late all this week may prejudice your chances of getting a promotion.

Disinterested

From List-3 BIASED having no personal involvement or receiving no personal advantage, and therefore free to act fairly Eg: a piece of disinterested advice

Partisan

From List-3 BIASED strongly supporting a person, principle, or political party, often without considering or judging the matter very carefully Eg: The audience was very partisan and refused to listen to her speech.

Discriminatory

From List-3 BIASED unfairly treating a person or particular group of people differently from others Eg: The company was fined for its discriminatory practices against women.

Stolid (a) (/ˈstɑː.lɪd/), stolidity (n)

From List-3 CALM (of a person) calm and not showing emotion or excitement, or (of a thing) not interesting or attractive Eg: Stolid and impassive, the customs inspector listened to her explanation. The college is a stolid-looking building with no lawn

Equanimity

From List-3 CALM a calm mental state, especially after a shock or disappointment or in a difficult situation Eg: He received the news of his mother's death with remarkable equanimity.

Imperturbable

From List-3 CALM always staying calm and controlled, even in difficult situations that would cause other people to worry Eg: Although he seems outwardly imperturbable, he can get very angry at times.

Nonchalant

From List-3 CALM behaving in a calm manner, often in a way that suggests you are not interested or do not care Eg: a nonchalant manner/shrug

Tranquil /ˈtræŋ.kwɪl/

From List-3 CALM calm and peaceful and without noise, violence, worry, etc. Eg: The house was once again tranquil after the kids moved outside to play.

Aplomb /əˈplɑːm/ (UN)

From List-3 CALM confidence and style Eg: He showed great aplomb in dealing with the experts. Rosalind conducted the meeting *with characteristic aplomb/with her usual aplomb*.

Placid

From List-3 CALM having a calm appearance or characteristics Eg: She was a very placid (= calm and not easily excited) child who slept all night and hardly ever cried.

Impassive

From List-3 CALM not showing or feeling any emotion =emotionless = poker-faced = expressionless Eg: She remained impassive as the officers informed her of her son's death. Nick kept his face impassive but his mind was racing.

serene /səˈriːn/

From List-3 CALM peaceful and calm; worried by nothing Eg: I admired her serenity /səˈren.ə.t̬i/ in the midst of so much chaos.

Staid /steɪd/

From List-3 CALM serious, boring, and slightly old-fashioned = lo thoi, nhat Eg: Everyone was surprised by the joke from the usually staid professor.

Composure

From List-3 CALM the feeling of being calm, confident, and in control Eg: You may feel nervous but don't lose your composure in front of the camera.

Phlegmatic /fleɡˈmæt̬.ɪk/ (a)

From List-3 CALM = stolid = impassive = lanh lung A phlegmatic person does not usually get emotional or excited about things Eg: As a football player, his great asset was his calm, phlegmatic manner. I might look phlegmatic on the outside, but on the inside, I am warm and compassionate

Implacable /ɪmˈplæk.ə.bəl/ a

From List-3 DISTURBED Used to describe (someone who has) strong opinions or feelings that are impossible to change Eg: He has an implacable hatred for his political opponents. She remained implacable = adamant (THAT), intransigent

Dismay

From List-3 DISTURBED a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment Eg: The fans watched in/with dismay as their team lost 42-11.

Consternation (/ˌkɑːn.stɚˈneɪ.ʃən/)

From List-3 DISTURBED a feeling of worry, shock, or confusion = alarm (sudden), preoccupation, distress (extreme), worry, concern Eg: To his consternation, when he got to the airport he found he'd forgotten his passport.

Distraught

From List-3 DISTURBED extremely worried, nervous, or upset Eg: We were all distraught over the loss of our homes in the flood.

Overwrought (/ˌoʊ.vɚˈrɑːt/) (a)

From List-3 DISTURBED in a state of being upset, nervous, and worried Eg: She was so tired and overwrought that she burst into tears. He was in an overwrought state/condition for weeks after the accident.

Frenetic

From List-3 DISTURBED involving a lot of movement or activity; extremely active, excited, or uncontrollable Eg: Americans like fast cars, fast-food restaurants, and a frenetic pace of life.

Agitated

From List-3 DISTURBED nervous because of worry or fear that is difficult to control Eg: Many times, the private hospitals transfer their terribly aggressive, agitated patients to us because they cannot handle them.

Foment (/foʊˈment/)

From List-3 DISTURBED to *cause trouble* to develop Eg: The song was banned on the grounds that it might foment racial tension

Disconcert

From List-3 DISTURBED to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried Eg: News of his criminal past has disconcerted even his admirers.

Fluster

From List-3 DISTURBED to make someone upset and confused, especially when they are trying to do something Eg: Don't let that new tax form fluster you - it's not as bad as it looks.

Faze

From List-3 DISTURBED to surprise and worry someone Eg: Speaking in public does not faze her.

Perturb

From List-3 DISTURBED to worry someone Eg: News of the arrest perturbed her greatly.

Hysterical /hɪˈster.ɪ.kəl/

From List-3 DISTURBED unable to control your feelings or behavior because you are extremely frightened, angry, excited, etc.: Eg: Calm down, you're getting hysterical. extremely funny (informal) Eg: His last film was hysterical.

Hegemony /hɪˈdʒem.ə.ni/ /ˈhedʒ.ə.moʊ.ni/ (U)

From List-3 DOMINATING(-) (especially of countries) the position of being the strongest and most powerful and therefore able to control others = quyen ba chu Eg: The three nations competed for regional hegemony

Dogmatic

From List-3 DOMINATING(-) If you are dogmatic, you are certain that you are right and that everyone else is wrong Eg: She's become so dogmatic lately that arguing with her is pointless.

Despot

From List-3 DOMINATING(-) a person, especially a ruler, who has unlimited power over other people, and often uses it unfairly and cruelly Eg: The cruel despot killed thousands of people on the spot.

Autocrat

From List-3 DOMINATING(-) a ruler with unlimited power, or someone who demands that people completely obey them Eg: European autocrats once commonly believed that they had received the right to rule directly from the god.

Authoritative

From List-3 DOMINATING(-) showing that you are confident, in control, and expect to be respected and obeyed Eg: She has an authoritative manner that at times is almost arrogant.

Imperious (/ɪmˈpɪr.i.əs/) (a)

From List-3 DOMINATING(-) unpleasantly proud and expecting to be obeyed = arrogant = condescending = conceited = self-important = hubristic (/hjuːˈbrɪs.tɪk/) = haughty (/ˈhɑː.t̬i/) (consider yourself better than others) = superior = pompous (/ˈpɑːm.pəs/) (pho truong, thung rong keu to, too serious and full of importance. Xirt is pompous = patronizing (ˈpeɪ.trə.naɪ.zɪŋ/): speaking/ beh to sb as if they are stupid or not important = supercilious (/ˌsuː.pɚˈsɪl.i.əs/) (behaving as if you are better than other people, and that their opinions, beliefs, or ideas are not important) = lordly (/ˈlɔːrd.li/) Eg: She is an imperious movie star who think she's some sort of goddess imperious voice/ manner

Absolute

From List-3 DOMINATING(-) without limit, very great, or to the largest degree possible Eg: The country is led by absolute dictator (a leader who has complete power in a country and has not been elected by the people)

X Disparate /ˈdɪs.pɚ.ət/ (a)

From List-3 EQUALITY different in every way Eg: The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other.

Parity /ˈper.ə.t̬i/

From List-3 EQUALITY equality, especially of pay or position Eg: Firefighters are demanding pay parity with police.

Commonsurate

From List-3 EQUALITY in a correct and suitable amount compared to something else similar to corresponding Eg: Salary will be *commensurate with* skills and experience The agency's workload has increased without any commensurate increase in staff.

Peer /pɪr/ (I)

From List-3 EQUALITY to look carefully or with difficulty Eg: When no one answered the door, she peered through the window to see if anyone was there. The driver was *peering into the distance* trying to read the road sign. a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other people in a group Eg: Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers?

Sycophantic /ˌsɪk.əˈfæn.tɪk/ --> noun sycophant /ˈsɪk.ə.fænt/

From List-3 EXCESSIVE FLATTERY (-) (of a person or of behavior) praising people in authority in a way that is not sincere, usually in order to get some advantage from them Eg: When her career was riding high, the actress often mistook sycophants for true friends.

Fulsome

From List-3 EXCESSIVE FLATTERY (-) expressing a lot of admiration or praise for someone, often too much, in a way that does not sound sincere = lo = unctuous (/ˈʌŋk.tʃu.əs/) = oily (too nice, fake) = oleaginous (/ˌoʊ.liˈædʒ.ə.nəs/) (dao mao, be too kind, nice, polite to bring yourself some advantage) Eg: Her new book has received fulsome praise from the critics. a *fulsome apology* He was *fulsome in his praise* of the Prime Minister. Our guests *were fulsome in their compliments* about the food. his unctuous manner/voice/smile

Fawn

From List-3 EXCESSIVE FLATTERY (-) to give someone a lot of attention and praise in order to get that person's approval Eg: Big movie stars are fawned over by the waiters at the restaurant.

Obsequious (əbˈsiː.kwi.əs/)

From List-3 EXCESSIVE FLATTERY (-) too eager to praise or obey someone Eg: She is constantly followed by obsequious assistants who will do anything she tells them to.

Dispassionate

From List-3 IMPARTIAL able to think clearly or make good decisions because of not being influenced by emotions Eg: In all the media hysteria (extreme fear, excitement, anger, etc. that cannot be controlled), there was one journalist whose comments were clear-sighted and dispassionate.

Objectivity

From List-3 IMPARTIAL the state or quality of being objective and fair; the quality of being able to make a decision or judgment in a fair way that is not influenced by personal feelings or beliefs Eg: We need someone outside the company to give us an objective analysis.

Even-handed

From List-3 IMPARTIAL treating everyone fairly and equally Eg: even-handed coverage of a volatile issue

Equitable

From List-3 IMPARTIAL treating everyone fairly and in the same way Eg: This university is committed to providing an equitable learning environment for every student.

Comprehensive

From List-3 INCLUDING EVERYTHING complete and including everything that is necessary Eg: Is this list comprehensive or are there some names missing?

Pervasive

From List-3 INCLUDING EVERYTHING present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place = toa khap lan tran khap Eg: Television has a pervasive influence on our culture. The influence of Freud is pervasive in her books. a pervasive smell of diesel Reforms are being undermined by the all-pervasive corruption in the country.

Encompass

From List-3 INCLUDING EVERYTHING to include different types of things Eg: The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts.

Expansive /ɪkˈspæn.sɪv/

From List-3 INCLUDING EVERYTHING very happy to talk to people in a friendly way Eg: He was in an expansive mood on the night of the party covering a large area Eg: "All this is mine," she said with an expansive arm gesture (= using big movements). She opened her arms wide *in an expansive gesture of welcome*. landscape with *expansive skies* He waved an *expansive arm* (= in an expansive movement).

Stoic

From List-3 INDIFFERENT determined not to complain or show your feelings, especially when something bad happens to you Eg: My father is a stoic by nature and found it hard to express his grief when my mother died.

Apathy (/ˈæp.ə.θi/) (U)

From List-3 INDIFFERENT behavior that shows no interest or energy and shows that someone is unwilling to take action, especially over something important Eg: People have shown surprising apathy *toward* these important social problems. widespread apathy *among* employees of this company

Pejorative

From List-3 INSULTING WORDS expressing disapproval, or suggesting that something is not good or is of no importance Eg: Is "Yankee" (an American who comes from the Northern US) a pejorative term?

Derogatory (/dɪˈrɑː.ɡə.tɔːr.i/) or derogative /-ˈrɑː.ɡə.t̬ɪv/

From List-3 INSULTING WORDS = disparaging = giem pha, khinh khi, khinh thuong, miet thi showing strong disapproval and not showing respect Eg: Fans made a lot of derogatory remarks about the players of the visiting team.

Deprecating /ˈdep.rə.keɪ.t̬ɪŋ/ or deprecatory (UK) /ˈdep.rə.kə.tər.i/

From List-3 INSULTING WORDS showing that you think something is of little value or importance = xem thuong, kinh thuong, kinh re Eg: Her deprecating smile clearly showed that she thought I'd said something stupid. She reacted to his compliments with a deprecating laugh.

Alienate

From List-3 MAKE HOSTILE to cause a person or people to stop supporting someone or to stop feeling welcome Eg: Disagreements can alienate teenagers from their families.

Estrange /ɪˈstreɪndʒ/ (v)

From List-3 MAKE HOSTILE to cause someone to no longer have a friendly relationship with another person or other people Eg: She estranged several of her co-workers when she let her promotion go to her head. Her lifestyle estranged her *from* her parents. to cause you to feel that you do not understand someone or something, or do not have any connection with him, her, or it: Cultural changes can estrange the reader from old texts.

Antagonize

From List-3 MAKE HOSTILE to make someone dislike you or feel opposed to you Eg: The company doesn't want to antagonize one of its biggest oil suppliers

Provincial

From List-3 NARROW MINDED/ REGIONAL having opinions and ideas that are old-fashioned and simple Eg: In spite of his education and travels, he has remained very provincial

Insular

From List-3 NARROW MINDED/ REGIONAL interested only in your own country or group and not willing to accept different or foreign ideas Eg: The British are often accused of being insular

Myopic /maɪˈɑː.pɪk/

From List-3 NARROW MINDED/ REGIONAL not able to see clearly things that are far away; unable to understand a situation or the way actions will affect it in the future Eg: Their myopic refusal to act now will undoubtedly cause problems in the future.

Parochial /pəˈroʊ.ki.əl/

From List-3 NARROW MINDED/ REGIONAL showing interest only in a narrow range of matters, especially those that directly affect yourself, your town, or your country: Eg: Although it's just a local paper, it somehow manages not to be too parochial in its outlook.

Flippant (/ˈflɪp.ənt/)

From List-3 NOT SERIOUS/ DISRESPECT 1. dua gion, cuoi dua chuyen quan trong, i i, chu quan. not serious about a serious subject, in an attempt to be funny or to appear clever a *flippant remark/attitude* It's easy to be flippant, but we have a serious problem to deal with here. I think she just thought I was being flippant. 2. = inappropriate, bat lich su, khiem nha We had lost thousands of dollars, so we did not appreciate *his flippant remark* about "better luck next time."

Frivolous/ Frivolity (C or U)

From List-3 NOT SERIOUS/ DISRESPECT behaving in a silly way and not taking anything seriously Eg: I'm very frivolous - I just like to have fun.

Supplicant

From List-3 OVERLY OBEDIENT(-) Making or expressing a plea (an urgent and emotional request), especially to someone in power or authority. Eg: The new governor soon had to deal with supplicants asking for jobs and other political favors.

Slavish

From List-3 OVERLY OBEDIENT(-) obeying completely and having no original thoughts or ideas Eg: He was criticized for his slavish devotion to rules and regulations.

Grovel /ˈɡrɑː.vəl/

From List-3 OVERLY OBEDIENT(-) to behave with too much respect towards someone to show that you are very eager to please them; to lie facing the ground, esp. in fear, or to behave toward someone in a way that shows that you are small and unimportant, and the other person is powerful Eg: I'll apologize, but I won't grovel just because I made a mistake.

Servile (ˈsɝː.vəl/)

From List-3 OVERLY OBEDIENT(-) too eager to serve and please someone else in a way that shows you do not have much respect for yourself Eg: He had always maintained a servile attitude around people with money As a waiter you want to be pleasant to people without appearing totally servile

Subservient (/səbˈsɝː.vi.ənt/)

From List-3 OVERLY OBEDIENT(-) khum num, quy luy, less important than willing to do what other people want, or considering your wishes as less important than those of other people Eg: In the past, women were viewed as subservient to men Women were expected to adopt *a subservient role/position.* His other *interests were subservient to* his compelling passion for art.

Blandishment

From List-3 PRAISE (+) pleasant words or actions used in order to persuade someone to do something Eg: He refused to be moved by either threats or blandishments.

Adulation /ˌædʒ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ (U)

From List-3 PRAISE (+) very great admiration or praise for someone, especially when it is more than is deserved Eg: As a born performer, she loves the excitement and she loves the adulation.

Ubiquitous /juːˈbɪk.wə.t̬əs/

From List-3 PRESENT EVERYWHERE seeming to be everywhere Eg: Corruption is ubiquitous in the country. Leather is very much in fashion this season, as is the ubiquitous denim. The Swedes are not alone in finding their language under pressure from the ubiquitous spread of English. The mobile phone, that most ubiquitous of consumer-electronic appliances, is about to enter a new age.

Omnipresent

From List-3 PRESENT EVERYWHERE present or having an effect everywhere at the same time Eg: The singer became an omnipresent icon of style and beauty.

Rift

From List-3 SPLIT/ GAP a serious disagreement that separates two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing Eg: The border dispute caused a rift between Canada and the US.

Chasm

From List-3 SPLIT/ GAP a very deep, narrow opening in rock, ice, or the ground; a very large difference between two opinions or groups of people Eg: The chasm between the initial vision and the final product is shocking.

Gulf

From List-3 SPLIT/ GAP an important difference between the ideas, opinions, or situations of two groups of people Eg: There is a widening gulf between the rich and the poor in our society.

Dichotomy (C) /daɪˈkɑː.t̬ə.mi/

From List-3 SPLIT/ GAP = contrast a difference between two completely opposite ideas or things Eg: There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do.

Schism /ˈskɪz.əm/ /ˈsɪz.əm/ (C)

From List-3 SPLIT/ GAP schism sounds like scissors cutting things up a division into two groups caused by a disagreement about ideas, especially in areligious organization a schism in/within the Church Eg: There is a schism between leading members of the party.

Suppress (/səˈpres/)

From List-3 SUPPRESS/ END to end something by force Eg: The governor tried to suppress the news. The British government tried to *suppress the book* because of the information it contained about the security services. The virus suppresses the body's immune system.

Squash /skwɑːʃ/ (figurative meaning)

From List-3 SUPPRESS/ END to forcefully stop something that you do not want to happen Eg: The company moved quickly to squash rumors/speculation that it is losing money.

Scotch /skɑːtʃ/ (T)

From List-3 SUPPRESS/ END to prevent something from being believed or being done = thwart (/θwɔːrt/) Eg: Rumors that he had fled the country were promptly scotched by his wife. Her remarks were intended to scotch rumours of imminent job losses.

Quell (/kwel/) (T)

From List-3 SUPPRESS/ END to stop something (in security contexts), especially by using force or calm emotions (fear, doubts) Eg: He's been unable to quell his wife's suspicions (belief or idea that something may be true) The police were called in to quell the riot/ the unrest/ the disturbances.

Subdue /səbˈduː/

From List-3 SUPPRESS/ END = kim ham, khong che, kim che to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing Eg: The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it. He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual *expression.* *She*'d be hard to subdue if she got mad.

Repress /rɪˈpres/ (T)

From List-3 SUPPRESS/ END = suppress to not allow something, especially feelings, ideas to be expressed Eg: The government repressed all reports from the region. In the end, it was impossible to repress her emotions. He repressed a sudden desire to cry

Obfuscate (/ˈɑːb.fə.skeɪt/) (v)

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to make something less clear and harder to understand, especially intentionally = obscure Managers deliberately obscured the real situation from federal investigators Eg: Their explanations only serve to obfuscate the whole method She was criticized for using arguments that obfuscated the main issue.

Flabbergast /ˈflæb.ɚ.ɡæst/

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to shock someone, usually by telling that person something they were not expecting Eg: When they announced her name, the winner just sat there, flabbergasted. He was flabbergasted when we told him how cheap it was.

Bemuse

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to slightly confuse someone Eg: The stage mishap momentarily bemused the actress.

Astound

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE to surprise and shock someone, esp. with news of something that is completely unexpected Eg: The magician will astound you with his latest tricks.

Bellicose /ˈbel.ə.koʊs/ (a)

From List-4 AGGRESSIVE/ ARGUMENTATIVE = combative /ˈkɑːm.bə.t̬ɪv/ wishing to fight or start a war Eg: Bellicose hockey players who always seem to spend more time fighting than playing.

Invincible

From List-5 CANNOT BE DEFEATED impossible to defeat or prevent from doing what is intended Eg: - She seemed nearly invincible on the tennis court this year.

Impervious

From List-5 CANNOT BE DEFEATED not able to be influenced, hurt, or damaged; cannot be attacked, influenced or defeated Eg: He seems to be impervious to pain

Indomitable

From List-5 CANNOT BE DEFEATED used to say that someone is strong, brave, determined, and difficult to defeat or frighten Eg: The indomitable Mrs Furlong said she would continue to fight for justice.

Coalition

From List-5 COMBINE a group formed of different organizations or people who agree to act together, usually temporarily, to achieve something Eg: The two party leaders have to cooperate in a coalition government

Synthesis

From List-5 COMBINE the act of combining different ideas or things to make a whole that is new and different from the items considered separately Eg: His latest album is a synthesis of African and Latin rhythms.

Meld

From List-5 COMBINE to (cause something to) combine with something else He took folk music and melded it with pop.

Amalgamate

From List-5 COMBINE to join together or unite, or to cause to join together Eg: The company has now amalgamated with another local firm.

Teeming /ˈtiː.mɪŋ/

From List-5 EXCESS If a place is teeming, it is full of people or filled with the activity of many people or things: Eg: the *teeming metropolis* He was enchanted by the *teeming streets* and *outdoor markets* in the village. --> verb teem with sth: be full of sth (animals or humans) a river teeming with trout *Belmont Avenue teems with activity on a typical weekday.

Barrage

From List-5 EXCESS a great number of complaints, criticisms, or questions suddenly directed at someone Eg: The TV station has received a barrage of complaints about the amount of violence in the series.

Surge

From List-5 EXCESS a sudden and great increase: Eg: An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash.

Plethora

From List-5 EXCESS a very large amount of something, especially a larger amount than you need, want, or can deal with Eg: The report contains plethora of details.

Myriad

From List-5 EXCESS a very large number of something Eg: Designs are available in a myriad of colours.

Surfeit /ˈsɝː.fɪt/ C usually singular

From List-5 EXCESS an amount that is too large, or is more than is needed Eg: Indigestion can happen because of a surfeit of rich foods.

Copious

From List-5 EXCESS in large amounts, or more than enough Eg: She supports her theory with copious evidence.

Bounteous

From List-5 EXCESS large or generous in amount Eg: Abundant (more than enough) talent and equally bounteous good fortune propelled him to the top.

Profuse

From List-5 EXCESS produced or given in large amounts; large in amount Eg: The company accepted blame and sent us profuse apologies.

Abound

From List-5 EXCESS to exist in large numbers Eg: Theories *abound about* how the universe began. The streams and rivers *abound in* fish. The literature *abounds* with controversy *about* the roles of molecular chaperones in immunity.

Inundate (/ˈɪn.ʌn.deɪt/) (T)

From List-5 EXCESS to give someone so much work or so many things that they cannot deal with it all 2. flood an area with water Eg: After appearing on TV they were inundated with telephone calls for a week. If the dam breaks it will inundate large parts of the town.

Steep /stiːp/

From List-5 EXCESS (esp. of prices) too high; more than is reasonable: They are having to face very steep taxes. We enjoyed our meal at the restaurant, but the bill was a bit steep. The membership fees at the golf club are pretty steep. Eg: We enjoyed our stay at the hotel, but the charges were a bit steep.

Glut (C) (/ɡlʌt/)

From List-5 EXCESS = oversupply Eg: The current glut of graduates means that many of them will not be able to find jobs. The fall in demand for coffee could cause a glut on/in the market.

Fanatic (/fəˈnæt̬.ɪk/) CN

From List-5 EXCESSIVE PATRIOTISM Someone who shows extreme enthusiasm for something, esp religion or politics. Eg: Fanatics are calling out for a war with Pakistan. A fitness/exercise fanatic.

Zealot /ˈzel.ət/

From List-5 EXCESSIVE PATRIOTISM a person who has very strong opinions about something, and tries to make other people have them too Eg: The military general behaved like a zealot when it came to discussing dispute between the 2 countries.

Patriotism /ˈpeɪ.tri.ə.tɪ.zəm/ (UN)

From List-5 EXCESSIVE PATRIOTISM the feeling of loving your country more than any others and being proud of it Eg: He has earned affection for not only his music but also patriotism.

Chauvinism

From List-5 EXCESSIVE PATRIOTISM the strong and unreasonable belief that your own country, sex, or group is the best or most important Eg: The war stimulated an intense national chauvinism.

Jingoism /ˈdʒɪŋ.ɡoʊ.ɪ.zəm/ U

From List-5 EXCESSIVE PATRIOTISM the extreme belief that your own country is always best, often shown in enthusiastic support for a war against another country Eg: Patriotism can turn into jingoism and intolerance very quickly.

X Understatement

From List-5 EXPLAIN TOO MUCH a statement that describes something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is, or the act of making such statements Eg: "It didn't go well? " "That's the understatement of the year/decade/century. It was a disaster."

Belabour

From List-5 EXPLAIN TOO MUCH to explain something more than necessary Eg: I don't want to belabour the point, but it's vital that you understand how important this is.

Wax

From List-5 INCREASE = becomes bigger until its full form can be seen >< wane Eg: The sun's energy output varies slightly as sunspots wax on star's surface.

Accretion

From List-5 INCREASE a gradual increase in the amount, level, or value of something Eg: The room hadn't been cleaned for years and showed several accretion of dirt and dust.

Dilate

From List-5 INCREASE become wide; to become or make something, esp. an opening, wider or more open Eg: Her eyes dilated with fear.

Mounting /ˈmaʊn.t̬ɪŋ/

From List-5 INCREASE increasing or rising Eg: There's been mounting international *criticism* of the move. mounting *anxiety/excitement/ concern* mounting *debts*

Balloon

From List-5 INCREASE to become bigger, rounder or to quickly increase in size, weight, or importance: Eg: Unemployment ballooned to 14%. The rumors soon ballooned into (= quickly became) a full-grown scandal. I ballooned when I was pregnant with my second baby.

Enhance

From List-5 INCREASE to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something Eg: The county took steps to enhance water quality.

Proliferate

From List-5 INCREASE to increase a lot and suddenly in number Eg: Small businesses have proliferated in the last ten years.

Augment (/ɑːɡˈment/) (v)

From List-5 INCREASE to increase the size or value of something by adding something to it: Eg: He augmented his income by taking a second job.

Aggrandize/ Aggrandise (əˈɡræn.daɪz/) T (disapproving)

From List-5 INCREASE to make someone more powerful or important = nang cao dia vi, quyen hanh Eg: Her sole aim is to aggrandize herself

Subside (/səbˈsaɪd/)

From List-5 LESSEN IN INTENSITY If a condition subsides, it becomes less strong or extreme = abate (I/T) dissipate: (cause sth) to be less strong and disappear As the pain in my foot subsided, I was able to walk the short distance to the car Eg: The police are hoping that the violence will soon subside.

Abate

From List-5 LESSEN IN INTENSITY to become less strong, or to make something less strong Eg: They waited for the crowd's anger to abate

Recede (I)

From List-5 LESSEN IN INTENSITY 1. to move further away into the distance, or to become less clear or less bright Eg: The painful *memories* gradually *receded in her mind*. The *sound* of the truck *receded into the distance*. McLaughlin expects to go home again when the *flood waters recede*. 2. decline in number, value, cost, money... Opposition to privatisation and foreign investment is receding in response to the shock of recession. Although oil prices receded somewhat in June, they rose again this week.

Ebb (I) /eb/

From List-5 LESSEN IN INTENSITY become less intense Eg: We will talk to him when his anger ebbs. When the *sea or tide ebbs*, it moves away from the coast and falls to a lower level. If a *physical or emotional feeling* ebbs, it becomes less strong or disappears: He could feel his *strength ebbing* (away).

Skittish

From List-5 NERVOUS/ RESTLESS (of people and animals) nervous or easily frightened Eg: We've been skittish about taking on such a large mortgage (an agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank)

Restive

From List-5 NERVOUS/ RESTLESS unwilling to be controlled or be patient Eg: The audience was becoming restive as they waited for the performance to begin

Adversity

From List-5 PAIN/ SUFFERING a difficult or unlucky situation or event or unpleasant situation Eg: The road of happiness is paved (covered) with adversities.

Tribulation ˌtrɪb.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

From List-5 PAIN/ SUFFERING a problem or difficulty or trouble Eg: Life is full of tribulations.

Mishap (C or U)

From List-5 PAIN/ SUFFERING bad luck or an unlucky event or accident Eg: A series of mishaps led to the nuclear power plan blowing up.

Affliction C or U /əˈflɪk.ʃən/

From List-5 PAIN/ SUFFERING = noi dau don, su dau kho, noi uu phien A cause of pain or harm or suffering. Eg: They sympathized (to understand and care about someone's problem) with us in our affliction. Malnutrition is one of the common afflictions of the poor.

Insolvent

From List-5 POOR (esp. of a company) unable to pay what you owe because you do not have enough money Eg: When it discovered the loans could not be repaid, the bank became insolvent.

X Solvent

From List-5 POOR (especially of companies) having enough money to pay all the money that is owed to other people Eg: Many insurance companies are under pressure to increase premiums to stay solvent.

Impecunious /ˌɪm.pəˈkjuː.ni.əs/

From List-5 POOR having very little money = poor = penniless Eg: I first knew him as an impecunious student living in a tiny apartment I am working full time now but I am still impecunious because I have to pay for my living expenses.

Impoverish

From List-5 POOR make poor, weaker or worse in quality. Eg: These changes are likely to impoverish single-parent families.

Bankrupt

From List-5 POOR not having money to pay your debts. Eg: The company was declared bankrupt by the court.

Penury (ˈpen.jʊr.i/)

From List-5 POOR the state of being extremely poor Eg: he couldn't face another year of penury

Indigent --> indigence

From List-5 POOR very poor; having no money or anything else of value Eg: Our society has developed homeless shelters and free medical clinics to help the indigent people.

Destitute

From List-5 POOR without money, food, a home, or possessions Eg: The floods left thousands of people destitute

Dwindle

From List-5 REDUCE/ RESTRICT to become smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number Eg: The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years.

Flag

From List-5 REDUCE/ RESTRICT to become tired or less strong; lose energy, interest, etc. Eg: It had been a long day and the children were beginning to flag.

Wane

From List-5 REDUCE/ RESTRICT to become weaker in strength or influence Eg: Her enthusiasm for the whole idea was waning rapidly.

Contract

From List-5 REDUCE/ RESTRICT to make or become shorter or narrower, or smaller Eg: The universe is expanding rather than contracting.

Constrict

From List-5 REDUCE/ RESTRICT to make or become tighter and narrower; restrict Eg: The drug causes the blood vessels to constrict.

Courtail

From List-5 REDUCE/ RESTRICT to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something Eg: The cricket match was curtailed to 20 overs a side.

Germane

From List-5 RELEVANT *Ideas or information* that is germane to a particular subject or situation is connected with and important to it = relevant Eg: These remarks are germane to the discussion.

Pertinent

From List-5 RELEVANT relating directly to the subject being considered Eg: Chapter One is pertinent to the post-war period.

Apposite (/ˈæp.ə.zɪt/ or /ˈæp.ə.zaɪt/) (a)

From List-5 RELEVANT suitable and right for the occasion Eg: Her remarks are extremely apposite to the present discussion. an apposite phrase/quotation/remark The film starts in a graveyard, an apposite image for the decaying society which is the theme of the film.

Apropos /ˌæp.rəˈpoʊ/ (after verb)

From List-5 RELEVANT used to introduce something that is related to or connected with something that has just been said 1. = about/ speaking of sth Eg: Apropos what you said yesterday, I think you made the right decision. I had an email from Sally yesterday - *apropos (of)* which, did you send her that article? 2. suitable in a particular situation or at a particular time: clothes that are apropos to the occasion

Nostalgia

From List-5 REMEMEBERING THE PAS a feeling of pleasure and also slight sadness when you think about things that happened in the past Eg: She is filled with nostalgia for her own college days.

Reminiscence /ˌrem.əˈnɪs.əns/ (UN or plural)

From List-5 REMEMEBERING THE PAST the act of remembering events and experiences from the past (UN) Your reminiscences are the experiences you remember from the past, often written in a book (plural) Eg: The novel contains endless reminiscences of/about the author's youth.

Evocative /ɪˈvɑː.kə.t̬ɪv/

From List-5 REMEMEBERING THE PAST making you remember or imagine something *pleasant* Eg: Her new work book is wonderfully *evocative of* village life. *evocative music* a sound *evocative of* the sea

Wistful

From List-5 REMEMEBERING THE PAST sad and thinking about something that is impossible or in the past; showing a vague or regretful desire for past time. Eg: "if only I had known you then", he said wistfully. I thought about those days in Spain and grew wistful

Hindsight

From List-5 REMEMEBERING THE PAST the ability to understand, after something has happened, why or how it was done and how it might have been done better; look back at a situation after it has happened. Eg: Hindsight, I should have taken the job.

Retrospect

From List-5 REMEMEBERING THE PAST thinking now about something in the past Eg: In retrospect, I think my marriage was doomed from the beginning.

Wont (a) (/woʊnt/)

From List-5 ROUTINE BEHAVIOUR (used after a possessive) accustomed = be in the habit of doing sth He *was wont to *fall asleep after supper (a meal eaten in the evening)

Obtain

From List-5 ROUTINE BEHAVIOUR to get something, esp. by a planned effort Eg: To obtain the overall score, add up the totals in each column.

Dearth

From List-5 SHORTAGE/ LACK OF an amount or supply that is not large enough = a lack of Eg: a dearth of new homes in the region

Vacuous (/ˈvæk.ju.əs/)

From List-5 SHORTAGE/ LACK OF not expressing or showing intelligent thought or purpose = sao rong, ngay ngo, ngay dai, vu vo a vacuous remark/question/expression/smile Eg: To seem real to your readers, your characters must not be vacuous, but complex human beings with ordinary difficulties and goals. Tip: vacuum

Paucity

From List-5 SHORTAGE/ LACK OF the fact that there is too little of something Eg: There is a paucity of information on the ingredients of many cosmetics.

Deficit

From List-5 SHORTAGE/ LACK OF the total amount by which money spent is more than money received; shortage Eg: The country is running a balance-of-payments/budget/trade deficit of $250 million

Spendthrift

From List-5 SPEND LAVISHLY/ WASTE (-) a person who wastes money, or spends more than is necessary Eg: Most wealthy boys are naturally inclined to be spendthrifts.

Extravagance

From List-5 SPEND LAVISHLY/ WASTE (-) behaviour in which you spend more money than you need to; something expensive that you buy even though you do not need it Eg: Perfume is my greatest extravagance.

Profligate

From List-5 SPEND LAVISHLY/ WASTE (-) spending money or using something in a way that wastes it and is not wise Eg: She is well-known for her profligate spending habits.

Prodigal /ˈprɑː.dɪ.ɡəl/ --> prodigally /ˈprɑː.dɪ.ɡəl.i/

From List-5 SPEND LAVISHLY/ WASTE (-) = extravagant >< frugal = economical spending large amounts of money without thinking of the future, in a way that is not wise There have been rumours that he has been *prodigal with* company funds. Eg: Marriage of his son involved prodigal expenditure

X Contingent (/kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/) (a or n)

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL depending on something else in the future in order to happen Eg: A good score is contingent on the amount of hard work you put in. a group of people representing an organization or country, or a part of a military force (dao quan) Eg: The French contingent certainly made their presence known at this year's conference.

Emphatic

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL done or said in a strong way and without any doubt Eg: The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation.

X Provisional

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL for the present time but likely to change; temporary or conditional Eg: a provisional government

Absoulte

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL having unlimited power or control. Eg: The company is ruled by an absolute dictator

Incontrovertible

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL impossible to doubt because of being obviously true Eg: Her logic is utterly incontrovertible

Unqualified

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL not limited in any way; to the largest degree possible Eg: The newspaper lavished unqualified praise on the actor We achieved a lot but I wouldn't say that the project has been *an unqualified success*. The proposal has the *unqualified support* of the entire committee.

X Tentative

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL not sure or certain Eg: A tentative smile on his face.

Conviction

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty Eg: Since it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence. a strong opinion or belief: Eg: He said he agreed, but his voice lacked conviction.

Certitude

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL the state of being certain or confident Eg: You will like Rome, he said with certitude

Categorical

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL without any doubt or possibility of being changed; clear, direct or unconditional. Eg: He is known for making categorical statements.

X Qualify

From List-5 SURE/ CERTAIN/ X CONDITIONAL = noi giam, noi bot lai = limit the strength of a statement Eg: The press secretary later qualified the president's remarks *by saying* he hadn't been aware of all of the facts. I'd like to criticize my opinion on my current job by adding that it is a good place to earn some money for your future.

Amibiguous

From List-5 UNCLEAR IN MEANING having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally Eg: His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.

Ambivalent

From List-5 UNCLEAR IN MEANING having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel Eg: She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job.

Equivocal /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.kəl/

From List-5 UNCLEAR IN MEANING not clear and seeming to have two opposing meanings, or confusing and able to be understood in two different ways = ambiguous >< unequivocal ˌʌn.ɪˈkwɪv.ə.kəl/ Eg: His words to the press were deliberately equivocal - he didn't deny the reports but neither did he confirm them. She gave an equivocal answer, typical of a politician. Women were less equivocal than men on the subject of fidelity in marriage.

Stingy /ˈstɪn.dʒi/

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (- unwilling to spend money Eg: He's really stingy and never buys anyone a drink when we go out.

Tight-fisted

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) Unwilling to spend money: Eg: Don't wait for Gillian to buy you a drink - she's too tight-fisted.

Skinflint

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) a person who is unwilling to spend money Eg: The old skinflint never paid me for my work.

* Frugal

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) careful when using money or food, or (of a meal) cheap or small in amount; Sparing or economical as regards money or food. Eg: a frugal lifestyle

Niggardly

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) slight in amount, quality, or effort Eg: As he is a niggardly man, he always makes his friends to spend.

Miserly

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) someone who has a great desire to possess money and hates to spend it, sometimes living like a poor person because of this Eg: a typical miser, he hid his money in the house in various places keo kiet, bun xin

* Thrift

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) the careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste Eg: Trina learned thrift from her mother.

Stint (v) I or T

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) to provide, take, or use only a small amount of something: Eg: She never stints on the food at her parties. Don't stint yourself - take another slice of cake.

Close-fisted (a)

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) unwilling to spend money = tight-fisted Eg: Whenever it comes to paying his rent he becomes close-fisted.

Parsimonious (/ˌpɑːr.səˈmoʊ.ni.əs/) --> parsimony (/ˈpɑːr.sə.moʊ.ni/)

From List-5 UNWILLING TO SPEND MONEY (-) = stingy not willing to spend money or resources or give something Eg: He was parsimonious so hated to give more than was absolute necessary. She's too parsimonious to heat the house properly. I think that politicians are often *parsimonious with the (= do not tell the complete) truth*.

Prohibitive

From List-5 VERY HIGH PRICE (-) If the cost of something is prohibitive, it is too expensive for most people Eg: The price of property in the city is prohibitive. preventing something from being done, or preventing others from succeeding Eg: prohibitive laws/legislation

Gouge (/ɡaʊdʒ/)

From List-5 VERY HIGH PRICE (-) to charge someone far too much money for something done or something sold = rip sb off Eg: We didn't know the value of the foreign money, and the taxi driver gouged us

Puny /ˈpjuː.ni/

From List-5 VERY LESS (-) Small; weak; not effective Eg: The party's share of the vote rose from a puny 13 percent in the last election to 21 percent this time. a puny little man My car only has a puny little engine.

Skimpy

From List-5 VERY LESS (-) small Eg: They provided only skimpy meals skimpy dress = a dress that shows a lot of your body

Sparse

From List-5 VERY LESS (-) small in numbers or amount, often spread over a large area Eg: Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse.

Scanty /ˈskæn·ti/

From List-5 VERY LESS (-) smaller in size or amount than is considered necessary or is hoped for scanty evidence/information/ food supplies Eg: Details of his life are scanty.

Meagre

From List-5 VERY LESS (-) very small in amount or number; only as much or not as much as is needed or thought to be suitable Eg: She supplements her meagre income by cleaning at night.

Exiguous /eɡˈzɪɡ.ju.əs/

From List-5 VERY LESS (-) very small in size or amount; hardly enough Eg: I got a teaching job at an exiguous rate of pay. From October 2019 - June 2021, I have an exiguous salary, but I will work hard to get a better-paying job in the future. "You will when you believe" - When you believe from "The Prince of Egypt"

Malleable (/ˈmæl.i.ə.bəl/)

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN easily influenced, trained, or controlled He had an actor's typically malleable features. Europe saw its colonies as a source of raw material and a malleable workforce.

Assent (əˈsent) (U)

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN official agreement to or approval of an idea, plan, or request Eg: She *nodded* her *assent to* the proposal. Once the directors have *given* their assent *to* the proposal we can begin.

Acquiesce (/ˌæk.wiˈes/) (v)

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to accept or agree to something, often unwillingly Eg: The bank *acquiesced to/in* an extension of the loan.

Comply

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to act according to an order, set of rules, or request Eg: There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.

Relent (I)

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to act in a less severe way towards someone and allow something that you had refused to allow before: = soften = yield (I or T + to sth (Power)) (=give sth up) = surrender = give in Eg: Her parents eventually relented and let her go to the party. The security guard relented and let them through.

Concede

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true Eg: "Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her," he conceded.

Concur /kənˈkɝː/

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to agree or have the same opinion Eg: "I think you're absolutely right," concurred Chris. + with: The new report *concurs with* previous findings. + that: The board *concurred that* the editor should have full control over editorial matters.

Accede

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to agree to do what people have asked you to do Eg: He graciously (pleasantly and politely) acceded to our request.

Yield

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to give up the control of or responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to Eg: After a long siege (the surrounding of a place by an armed force in order to defeat those defending it), the town was forced to yield.

Succumb /səˈkʌm/ (I)

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN to lose the determination to oppose something, or to give up and accept something that you first opposed Eg: I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake. The town *finally succumbed* last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than two months. to die or suffer badly from an illness: Eg: Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months. His career was cut short when he *succumbed to cancer*.

Amenable

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN willing to accept or be influenced by a suggestion Eg: She might be more amenable to the idea if you explained how much money it would save.

Compliant

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN willing to do what other people want you to do Eg: Patients have to be compliant with doctor's advice.

Pliant /ˈplaɪ.ənt/ (a)

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN 1. = de nghe, de bao, easily influenced and controlled by other people flexible; easily managed Eg: He was deposed and replaced by a more pliant successor. 2. = de tiep thu y moi., chiu thay doi lang nghe tiep thu y kien moi. Being able and willing to accept change or new ideas The management has adopted a more pliant position, and has agreed to listen to the staff's requests.

* Docile /ˈdɑː.səl/

From List-6 ACCEPT/ AGREE/ GIVE IN = amenable quiet and easy to influence, persuade, or control Eg: The once docile population has finally risen up against the ruthless regime(a particular government or a system or method of government)

X Abide

From List-6 BREAK A RULE Accept or act in accordance with (a rule, decision, or recommendation) Eg: Like true cricketers, we abided by the decision of the match referee.

Transgress I or T

From List-6 BREAK A RULE to break a law or moral rule Eg: Those are the rules, and anyone who transgresses will be severely punished.

Flout

From List-6 BREAK A RULE to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom Eg: Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets. The orchestra decided to flout convention/tradition, and wear their everyday clothes for the concert

X Adhere

From List-6 BREAK A RULE to stick firmly Eg: A smooth, dry surface helps the tiles adhere to the wall.

Breach (CN or UN)

From List-6 BREAK A RULE an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement, or relationship They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted *a breach of/in our agreement*. There have been serious *security breaches* (= breaks in our security system). Eg: He was sued for breach of contract.

Repeal

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK If a government repeals a law, it causes that law no longer to have any legal force; cancel a rule, law, etc. Eg: Legislators repealed the sales tax.

Void (v)

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK invalidate or nullify. to remove the legal force from an agreement or contract: Eg: Because they were not happy in their marriage, they had it voided.

Recant

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to announce in public that your past beliefs or statements were wrong and that you no longer agree with them Eg: He had to publicly recant his critical remarks about her.

Renege /rɪˈneɪɡ/ (I)

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to fail to keep a promise or an agreement, etc.; go back on your promise Eg: If you renege *on* the deal now, I'll fight you in the courts.

Rescind /rɪˈsɪnd/

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to make a law, agreement, order, or decision no longer have any (legal) power; cancel a rule, law, etc. = annul = overturn = repeal = revoke = lift Eg: The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved unpopular and has already been rescinded.

Annul

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to officially announce that something such as a law, agreement, or marriage no longer exists Eg: The discovery of the election fraud has led to the annulment of 50,000 votes.

Gainsay (/ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/)

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to refuse to accept something as the truth; deny or contradict = deny/ challenge/ dispute Eg: Certainly there's no gainsaying (= it is not possible to doubt) the technical brilliance of his performance.

Repudiate

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to refuse to accept something or someone as true, good, or reasonable Eg: He repudiated the allegation/charge/claim that he had tried to deceive them.

Revoke

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to say officially that an agreement, permission, a law, etc. is no longer in effect Eg: The judge revoked the driving license of the criminal.

Disavow

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to say that you know nothing about something, or that you have no responsibility for or connection with something; disown = deny Eg: The coach *disavowed the responsibility* for the player's behaviour. They were quick to *disavow the rumour*. She tried to *disavow her past*.

Retract

From List-6 CANCEL/ TAKE BACK to take back an offer or statement, etc. or admit that a statement was false Eg: He made a false confession, which he later retracted.

Rousing

From List-6 ENERGIZING making people feel excited and proud or ready to take action Eg: She delivered a rousing speech full of anger and passion. We sang a last rousing chorus of the national anthem.

Galvanizing

From List-6 ENERGIZING to cause someone to suddenly take action, especially by shocking or exciting them in some way Eg: Why not use the media to galvanize the community into action?

Revitalizing

From List-6 ENERGIZING to give new life, energy, activity, or success to something Eg: For relaxation, guests can enjoy revitalizing services at the on-site spa.

Invigorating

From List-6 ENERGIZING to make someone feel fresher, healthier, and more energetic Eg: We were invigorated by our walk.

Redundant

From List-6 EXTRA HENCE UNNECESSARY (especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is more than is needed Eg: In the sentence "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant.

Superfluous /suːˈpɝː.flu.əs/

From List-6 EXTRA HENCE UNNECESSARY more than is *needed or wanted* = abundant, ample: more than needed Eg: He may have felt any extra knowledge was superfluous.

Extraneous /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

From List-6 EXTRA HENCE UNNECESSARY = ben le not directly connected with or related to something; extra and therefore not required Eg: These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.

Eminent

From List-6 FAMOUS/ IMPORTANT PERSON famous, respected, or important Eg: Vijay Maliya is an eminent personality in the business world.

Pre-eminent /priˈem·ə·nənt/

From List-6 FAMOUS/ IMPORTANT PERSON more important or better than others Eg: Dickens was preeminent among English writers of his day. He was the preeminent scientist of his day.

Stature

From List-6 FAMOUS/ IMPORTANT PERSON the good reputation a person or organization has, based on their behaviour and ability Eg: If the school continues to gain in stature, it will attract the necessary financial support.

Luminary /ˈluː.mə.ner.i/

From List-6 FAMOUS/ IMPORTANT PERSON = figure /ˈfɪɡ.jɚ/ a person who is *famous and important* in a particular area of activity Eg: Luminaries of *stage and screen* (= famous actors) assembled for last night's awards ceremony. The speaker is a luminary in the field of cancer *research*.

Covetous

From List-6 GREED Wanting to have something too much, especially something that belongs to someone else. Eg: I can't help casting covetous looks at my neighbour's new Porsche.

Glutton /ˈɡlʌt̬.ən/

From List-6 GREED a person who regularly eats and drinks more than is needed Eg: What a glutton - he ate a whole pizza by himself.

Cupidity /kjuːˈpɪd.ə.t̬i/

From List-6 GREED a strong feeling of wanting to have something, especially money or possessions = avarice (U /ˈæv.ɚ.ɪs/) = greed Eg: Gambling encourages cupidity and selfishness.

Avarice /ˈæv.ɚ.ɪs/ (UN)

From List-6 GREED an extremely strong wish to get or keep money or possessions. avaricious = greedy for money or possessions Eg: Her business empire brought her wealth beyond the dreams of avarice (= an extremely large amount of money). The idea is to shift the bad debts of the avaricious and the greedy onto the shoulders of middle-class people. She turned out to be a crafty and avaricious politician.

Ravenous (/ˈræv.ən.əs/)

From List-6 GREED extremely hungry Eg: I'm ravenous - where's supper (main meal)? ambitious = greedy in general but is slightly positive a ravenous appetite for cash a stage star who was ravenous for attention

Rapacious (/rəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/)

From List-6 GREED having or showing a strong wish to take things for yourself, usually using unfair methods or force =greedy in general but usually in an unfair way Eg: Insurance companies are rapacious and are not in the business of optimizing care. + appetite for fame + landlord, businessman

Voracious (/vəˈreɪ.ʃəs/)

From List-6 GREED very eager for something, especially a lot of food Eg: As a child, I had a voracious appetite for books. He's a voracious reader of historical novels (= he reads a lot of them eagerly and quickly)

Strident (/ˈstraɪ.dənt/)

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) A strident sound is loud, unpleasant, and rough; forceful Eg: The strident ringing of the phone annoys me.

Din

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) a loud, unpleasant confused noise that lasts for a long time Eg: The children were making a terrible din.

Uproar

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) a situation in which a lot of people complain about something angrily or make a lot of noise Eg: The book caused an uproar in France.

Cacophony

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) an unpleasant mixture of loud sounds Eg: She could not hear him because of the cacophony in the stadium

Obstreperous (a) (/ɑːbˈstrep.ɚ.əs/)

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) difficult to deal with and noisy = bat tri, la loi om som Eg: It was no use trying to teach the obstreperous boys/ customers

Raucous

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) loud and unpleasant Eg: The music grew more and more raucous as the evening went on.

* Boisterous (/ˈbɔɪ.stɚ.əs/)

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) noisy, energetic, and rough Eg: It was a challenge to keep boisterous crowd in control.

Discordant

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) producing an unpleasant sound; to look or sound different or wrong compared with everything else Eg: He was not selected because people found his music discordant.

# Inaudible

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) that you cannot hear Eg: She spoke in almost inaudible whisper

Clangour /ˈklæŋ.ɚ/ UN

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) the continuous loud noise of something, especially something made of metal, being hit or rung. Eg: The clangourous (/ˈklæŋ.ɚ.əs/) sound filled the air and conversation was impossible

Clamour

From List-6 OVERLY NOSIY(-) to make a loud complaint or demand Eg: The audience *clamoured for an encore* (shouted at the end of a performance to get the performer to sing or play more) The children were all *clamouring for attention*. [ + to infinitive ] She *clamours to* go home as soon as she gets to school.

Premeditated

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS (especially of a crime or something unpleasant) done after being thought about or carefully planned Eg: The assault (a violent attack) was premeditated and particularly brutal.

X Improvise

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS do without planning or preparation. Eg: It's the kind of game that asks players to improvise and act silly.

X Extemporaneous /ekˌstem.pəˈreɪ.ni.əs/

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS done or said without any preparation or thought Eg: The speech was extemporaneous, and is not included in his published papers.

X Impromptu

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS done or said without earlier planning or preparation Eg: They often held impromptu meetings at their house.

Calculated

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS done with planning Eg: He took a calculated risk to solve the problem.

Intentional

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS done with planning Eg: I am sorry I forgot to put your name on the list. It wasn't intentional.

Deliberate

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS intentional or planned Eg: We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while.

x Impetuous

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS likely to do something suddenly, without considering the results of your actions = be hasty in doing sth or hasty actions = rash Eg: He's so impetuous - why can't he think things over before he rushes into them?

X Offhand /ˌɑːfˈhænd/

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS not friendly, and showing little interest in other people in a way that seems slightly rude Eg: I didn't mean to be offhand with her - it's just that I was in such a hurry. not showing or not done with much thought or consideration (hoi hot, thieu suy nghi) Eg: His offhand comments about the day's situations will be greatly missed. His offhand manner disturbed us. adv: immediately without looking for info or taking the time to think carefully I can't quote the exact statistics for you offhand, but they're there for you to see in the report.

Forethought

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS the good judgment to consider the near future in your present actions Eg: Some forethought and preparations are necessary before you embark on the project.

Studied

From List-6 PLANNED/ X SPONTANEOUS very carefully and intentionally done, made, or considered, rather than in a completely honest or sincere way Eg: After a pause, he gave a studied answer. She listened to his remarks with studied indifference.

Mellifluous

From List-6 PLEASANT SOUNDING having a pleasant and flowing sound. Eg: She has soft, mellifluous voice.

Euphony (/ˈjuː.fə.ni/), euphonious (a /juːˈfoʊ.ni.əs/)

From List-6 PLEASANT SOUNDING the quality of having a pleasant sound = em tai = melodious Eg: The child slept while hearing his mother's euphonious voice. The poet has chosen her words more for euphony than factual accuracy.

Melodious (/məˈloʊ.di.əs/)

From List-6 PLEASANT SOUNDING very pleasant to listen to = melodic (/məˈlɑː.dɪk/) = tuneful (/ˈtuːn.fəl/) >< tuneless Eg: A melodious song could be heard from across the lake. du duong em tai

Resolute /ˈrez.ə.luːt/

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) determined in character, action, or ideas = determined Eg: She's utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize.

Tenacious

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way Eg: She is a tenacious woman - she never gives up.

Immutable

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) not changing, or unable to be changed Eg: Some people regard grammar as an immutable set of rules.

Steadfast /ˈsted.fæst/

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) staying the same for a long time and not changing quickly or unexpectedly (approving) = loyal = unfaltering Eg: The group remained steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it was criticized in the newspapers. a steadfast friend/ally steadfast loyalty

Persistence

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) the quality of being persistent, or the act of persisting Eg: His persistence paid off - he won the contract.

Endure

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) to tolerate without giving up Eg: They had to endure a long wait before case came to trial.

Persevere

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) to try to do or continue doing something in a determined way, despite having problems Eg: Despite receiving little support, the women are persevering with their crusade (a long and determined attempt to achieve something that you believe in strongly) to fight crime.

Dogged (/ˈdɑː.ɡɪd/)

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) very determined to do something, even if it is very difficult = persistent, unyielding, tenacious, pertinacious /ˌpɝː.tənˈeɪ.ʃəs/ Eg: Her ambition and dogged determination ensured that she rose to the top of her profession.

Indefatigable /ˌɪn.dɪˈfæt̬.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/

From List-6 RESOLUTE/ DETERMINED (+) = be determined to do sth/ be committed to sth/ be tireless IN sth always determined and energetic in trying to achieve something and never willing to admit defeat; never becoming tired Eg: She was *indefatigable in* her search for the truth.

Recalcitrant /rɪˈkæl.sɪ.trənt/ (a)

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) (of a person) unwilling to obey orders or to do what should be done, or (of an animal) refusing to be controlled Eg: The university suspended the recalcitrant demonstrators. Tenants petitioned their recalcitrant landlord to finish repairs to their building. = defiant

Wilful

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) (of something bad) done intentionally, or (of a person) determined to do exactly as you want, even if you know it is wrong Eg: I laughed at loud at her stubborn and wilful spirit.

Incorrigible /ɪnˈkɔːr.ə.dʒə.bəl/

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) An incorrigible person or incorrigible behaviour is bad and impossible to change or improve Eg: The purpose of this legislation is not to let dangerous and incorrigible people go free. Mot is an incorrigibly unreasonably stupid person.

Intransigent /ɪnˈtræn.sə.dʒənt/ /ɪnˈtrɑːn.sɪ.dʒənt/

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) Unwilling or refusing to change one's views or to agree about something. = adamant = cung dau Eg: Unions claim that the management continues to maintain an intransigent position. I've told her she should stay at home and rest but she's adamant that she's coming.

Adamant (/ˈæd.ə.mənt/)

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) impossible to persuade, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision Eg: I've told her she should stay at home and rest but she's adamant that she's coming.

Refractory /rɪˈfræk.tər.i/

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) not affected by a treatment, change, or process: Eg: This is a chronic and disabling condition that is refractory to treatment.

Defiant

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) proudly refusing to obey authority Eg: The protesters blocking the entrance to the offices remained defiant this morning.

Perverse (a) (/pɚˈvɝːs)

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) strange and not what most people would expect or enjoy; stubbornly doing what is wrong. = nguoc doi, ngang nganh, ngang buong, ngoan co Eg: She took a perverse pleasure in hearing that her sister was getting divorced. Jack was being perverse and refusing to agree with anything we said.

Obstinate /ˈɑːb.stə.nət/

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) unreasonably determined, especially to act in a particular way and not to change at all, despite what anyone else says Eg: He can be very obstinate when you ask him a personal question.

Obdurate /ˈɑːb.dʊr.ɪt/

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) used to describe a person who refuses to change their mind, or someone or something that is difficult to deal with or change: Eg: Union leaders remain obdurate that working conditions and pay improve. The president remains obdurate on immigration. Several obdurate facts/differences remain, preventing a compromise solution.

Pertinacious

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) very determined and refusing to be defeated by problems Eg: Like most successful politicians, she is pertinacious and single-minded in the pursuit of her goals.

Intractable

From List-6 STUBBORN (-) very difficult or impossible to control, manage, or solve Eg: He remained as intractable in his old age as he was in his youth.

Ally

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY a country that has agreed officially to give help and support to another one, especially during a war Eg: During the First World War, Turkey and Germany were allies/Turkey was an ally of Germany.

Champion

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY a person who enthusiastically supports, defends, or fights for a belief or principle Eg: She was a champion of the poor all her life.

X Antagonist

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY a person who is strongly opposed to something or someone Eg: The antagonists in this dispute are quite unwilling to compromise.

Proponent

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY a person who supports an idea, plan, or cause Eg: He was also an early proponent of giving students individual computers in the classroom.

X Adversary (/ˈæd.və.sər.i/)

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY an enemy = opponent = antagonist (/ænˈtæɡ.ən.ɪst/) Eg: His old adversary beat him in the chess tournament.

Protagonist

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY an important supporter of an idea or political system Eg: He is a leading protagonist of the conservation movement. The leading character or one of the major characters in a play, film, novel, etc. Eg: the novel's main protagonist is an American intelligence officer

X Inimical (/ɪˈnɪm.ɪ.kəl/)

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY harmful or limiting/ hindering/ hampering; Unfriendly or hostile Eg: the policy was inimical to Britain's real interests Excessive managerial control is *inimical to* creative expression

X Detractor

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly Eg: Detractors claims that the building will be ugly and impractical.

Lobbyist

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY someone who tries to persuade a politician or official group to do something Eg: Lobbyists for the tobacco industry have expressed concerns about the restriction of smoking in public places.

X Impugn

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY to cause people to doubt someone's character, qualities, or reputation by criticizing them Eg: He could no longer work as a doctor because his reputation had been impugned.

Endorse

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY to make a public statement of your approval or support for something or someone Eg: I fully endorse (= agree with) everything the Chairperson has said. to appear in an advertisement, saying that you use and like a particular product Eg: I wonder how many celebrities actually use the products they endorse.

Advocate

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something Eg: She advocates taking a more long-term mutual funds.

Espouse /esˈpaʊz/

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY to support an activity or opinion Eg: He espoused the notion of equal opportunity for all in education Vegetarianism is one cause she does not espouse.

X Nemesis (C) /ˈnem.ə.sɪs/ --> nemeses/ˈnem.ə.siːz/

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY 1. = (a cause of) a deserving defeat or punishment (a cause of) punishment or defeat that is deserved and cannot be avoided The tax increases proved to be the president's political nemesis. Eg: This over-ambitious project eventually proved to be the company's nemesis 2. doi thu, enemy (like in Phineas and Ferb) Someone's nemesis is a person or thing that is very difficult for them to defeat

Tout (/taʊt/) (T)

From List-6 SUPPORTER/ X ENEMY to advertise, talk about or praise something repeatedly, often to encourage its use or sale = promote Eg: Various studies have been published touting the benefits of pre-kindergarten programs. The minister has been touting these ideas for some time. He is being widely touted as the next leader of the party. A local car dealership was touting its services/wares on the radio.

Concot

From List-6 TO MAKE UP/ CREATE make up a story, idea, etc, especially falsely Eg: He concocted a story about working late at the office.

Formulate

From List-6 TO MAKE UP/ CREATE make up or create. Eg: The company will outline a situation and ask you to formulate a plan that deals with the problems.

Devise

From List-6 TO MAKE UP/ CREATE to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination Eg: He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.

Dissent

From List-6 TO OBJECT/ RESIST a strong difference of opinion on a particular subject, especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief Eg: When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent.

Take issue with

From List-6 TO OBJECT/ RESIST disagree with, challenge Eg: Tom took issue with Maggie about the cost of the house.

Quibble (/ˈkwɪb.əl/)

From List-6 TO OBJECT/ RESIST to argue about, or say you disapprove of, something that is not important Eg: There's no point quibbling about/over a couple of dollars.

Demur

From List-6 TO OBJECT/ RESIST to express disagreement or refuse to do something Eg: At first she demurred, but then finally agreed.

Defy

From List-6 TO OBJECT/ RESIST to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc. Eg: A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike.

Remonstrate (v) (/rɪˈmɑːn.streɪt/)

From List-6 TO PROVE FALSE/ TO DISAPPROVE to complain to someone or about something Eg: I went to the boss to remonstrate against the new rules. The editor remonstrated with him about the inaccuracies in the story.

Expostulate /ɪkˈspɑː.stjə.leɪt/

From List-6 TO PROVE FALSE/ TO DISAPPROVE to express disagreement or complaint Eg: Walter *expostulated* with the waiter *about* the size of the bill.

Discredit

From List-6 TO PROVE FALSE/ TO DISAPPROVE to give people reason to stop believing someone or to doubt the truth of something Eg: The photos were deliberately taken to discredit the findings.

Refute

From List-6 TO PROVE FALSE/ TO DISAPPROVE to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false Eg: She refutes any suggestion that she behaved unprofessionally.

Belie

From List-6 TO PROVE FALSE/ TO DISAPPROVE to show something to be false, or to hide something such as an emotion Eg: Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling.

Debunk

From List-6 TO PROVE FALSE/ TO DISAPPROVE to show that something is less important, less good, or less true than it has been made to appear = expose = lot ta, lot tran Eg: The writer's aim was to debunk the myth that had grown up around the actress.

Rebut /rɪˈbʌt/ T (rebutted)

From List-6 TO PROVE FALSE/ TO DISAPPROVE to argue that a statement or claim is not true = deny Eg: He appeared on TV to rebut the charges against him.

Tedious

From List-7 BORING AND REPETITIOUS Too long, dull or boring Eg: The journey soon became tedious.

Monotonous

From List-7 BORING AND REPETITIOUS never changing and therefore boring Eg: The music became monotonous after a while.

Plod (v)

From List-7 BORING AND REPETITIOUS to walk taking slow steps, as if your feet are heavy/ because you are tired Eg: We plodded through the mud. buoc di nang ne

Exposition /ˌek.spəˈzɪʃ.ən/ (C or U)

From List-7 CLEAR (BOTH PHYSICALLY AND IN MEANING) a clear and full explanation of an idea or theory Eg: We need a clear exposition of their legal position.

Limpid /ˈlɪm.pɪd/

From List-7 CLEAR (BOTH PHYSICALLY AND IN MEANING) clearly expressed and easily understood (literature) Eg: She has a limpid style of writing poetry Clear and transparent (pool)

Lucid

From List-7 CLEAR (BOTH PHYSICALLY AND IN MEANING) easy to understand; clear Eg: The answers in this book are explained in lucid style

Elucidate (/iˈluː.sə.deɪt/) I or T

From List-7 CLEAR (BOTH PHYSICALLY AND IN MEANING) to explain something or make something clear Eg: I don't understand. You'll have to elucidate.

Expound

From List-7 CLEAR (BOTH PHYSICALLY AND IN MEANING) to give a detailed explanation of something Eg: He expounded his views on the subject to me at great length.

Pellucid

From List-7 CLEAR (BOTH PHYSICALLY AND IN MEANING) very clear in meaning and easy to understand Eg: The message sent was quite pellucid.

Restitution (U) (/ˌrestɪˈtuːʃən/)

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR = reimbursement ( C or U: the act of paying or the amount of money paid) + for/ of sth Eg: demand/pay/seek* restitution She was also ordered to pay restitution. *make restitution to sb for* sth The insurance company has a responsibility to make full restitution to the policyholders for their loss. They must *pay* more than *$320,000 in restitution to* certain customers.

Redress (/rɪˈdres/) T

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR correct or repair something = compensate for sth Eg: It is time to *redress the injustice* of the past. Most managers, politicians and bosses are men - how can women redress the balance (= make the situation fairer and more equal)?

Reparation

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR repair something Eg: Offenders should be forced to make reparation to the company

Disabuse /ˌdɪs.əˈbjuːz/ (v)

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR to cause someone no longer to have a wrong idea Eg: He thought that all women liked children, but she soon disabused him of that (idea/notion).

Amend

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document Eg: In line 20, "men" should be amended (= changed) to "people".

Atone

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR to do something that shows you are sorry for something bad that you did or for something that you failed to do; make up for a guilt or wrong doing Eg: The director of the company has expressed a wish to atone for her past sins. ​atone (for something) = make amends to sb for (doing) sth = repent (for/ of) sth

Indemnify

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR to protect someone against possible damage or loss by paying an indemnity to cover the costs Eg: The insurance also indemnifies the house against flooding.

Expiate (T) (/ˈek.spi.eɪt/)

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR to show that you are sorry for bad behaviour by doing something or accepting punishment Eg: He had a chance to confess and expiate his guilt. expiate a crime/sin = chuoc loi, den toi

Redemption (/rɪˈdemp·ʃən/)

From List-7 CORRECT/ REPAIR 1. the state of being kept from evil or of improving morally (cai thien nhan cach/ cuu roi khoi toi ac) Eg: The political leadership in that state is so corrupt that it's beyond redemption (= it will always be morally bad). 2. *The act of exchanging shares* (stock market) *or bonds* (lending money to a company or government) for cash. For redemptions of $50,000 or more, you must include a signature guarantee for each owner. redemption requests/orders/penalties redemption proceeds/fees/yields make/request/submit a redemption You may request a redemption or an exchange by calling our Shareholder Service Center. 3. *The act of paying back a loan* *redemption of debt/a loan/a mortgage* The nation's largest jewelry retailer reported an 11% rise in earnings for the latest quarter, boosted by higher sales and the early redemption of debt.

X Facile /ˈfæs.əl/

From List-7 DIFFICULT A facile remark or theory is too simple and has not been thought about enough Eg: We must avoid facile recriminations (arguments between people who are blaming each other) about who was to blame.

Exacting

From List-7 DIFFICULT demanding a lot of effort, care, or attention He was an exacting man to work for

Onerous

From List-7 DIFFICULT difficult to do or needing a lot of effort Eg: She found the duties of motherhood onerous.

Arduous

From List-7 DIFFICULT difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy: Eg: In those days, a trip to the West was an arduous journey.

Ponderous

From List-7 DIFFICULT slow and awkward because of being very heavy or large Eg: The policy formation process is ponderous and beset with political pitfalls

Encumber

From List-7 DIFFICULT to weigh someone or something down, or to make it difficult for someone to do something: Eg: Today, thankfully, women tennis players are not encumbered with/by long, heavy skirts and high-necked blouses.

Cumbersome /ˈkʌm.bɚ.səm/

From List-7 DIFFICULT 1. ruom ra difficult to do or manage and taking a lot of time and effort Eg: The organization changed its cumbersome name to something easer to remember 2. cong kenh (large and heavy) cumbersome equipment = bulky equipment

Dilemma

From List-7 DIFFICULTY/ CONFUSING SITUATION a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do Eg: She faces the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves.

Quandary

From List-7 DIFFICULTY/ CONFUSING SITUATION a state of not being able to decide what to do about a situation in which you are involved Eg: I've had two job offers, and I'm in a real quandary about/over which one to accept.

Plight

From List-7 DIFFICULTY/ CONFUSING SITUATION an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad, or difficult one Eg: the plight of the poor/homeless

Predicament

From List-7 DIFFICULTY/ CONFUSING SITUATION an unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of Eg: She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament.

Insidious (/ɪnˈsɪd.i.əs/)

From List-7 DISLOYALTY (of something unpleasant or dangerous) gradually and secretly causing harm. (am i, am tham (benh)) Eg: High blood pressure is an insidious condition which has few symptoms. Cancer is an insidious disease.

Perfidy /ˈpɝː.fə.di/ U

From List-7 DISLOYALTY Disloyalty Eg: This, we are told, is the result of a breach of faith, of a gross betrayal and of shameless perfidy. My boss commands my loyalty, but all I can give is perfidy because they are bad.

X Fidelity

From List-7 DISLOYALTY Loyalty Eg: How important do you think sexual fidelity is in a marriage?

Betray

From List-7 DISLOYALTY to not be loyal to your country or a person, often by doing something harmful such as helping their enemies. Eg: He was accused of betraying his country during the war.

X Fealty /ˈfiːl.ti/ U

From List-7 DISLOYALTY = allegiance (to a country, ruler, etc.) loyalty, especially to a king or queen (old use) Eg: now let us shake hands all around and swear fealty.

Veteran

From List-7 EXPERIENCED a person who has had a lot of experience of a particular activity Eg: Ms. Beasly is one of our veterans - she has been teaching here for over 20 years.

Virtuoso

From List-7 EXPERIENCED a person who is extremely skilled at something, especially at playing an instrument or performing Eg: Famous mainly for his wonderful voice, Cole Porter was also a virtuoso on the piano.

Connoisseur (/ˌkɑː.nəˈsɝː/) (CN)

From List-7 EXPERIENCED a person who knows a lot about and enjoys one of the arts, or food, drink, etc. and can judge quality and skill in that subject Eg: The exhibition will be delight for the collectors and connoisseurs of silver ornaments a wine/art connoisseur a connoisseur of ballet/cigars

Seasoned

From List-7 EXPERIENCED experienced Eg: Sudha is a seasoned dance performer

X Layperson

From List-7 EXPERIENCED someone who is not an expert in or does not have a detailed knowledge of a particular subject Eg: Any layperson can sit down at this console and begin doing productive work in minutes.

Remorse

From List-7 FEELING GUILTY feeling of sadness and being sorry for something you have done; Eg: She felt no remorse at leaving them without notice

Rueful (/ˈruː.fəl/)

From List-7 FEELING GUILTY feeling sorry and wishing that something had not happened = remorseful (/rɪˈmɔːr.sfəl/) = contrite (/ˈkɑːn.traɪt/) = feeling sorry and guilty, wishing something did not happen a contrite apology/expression regretful = remorseful = feeling *sorry* about sth Eg: The consent(permission or agreement) was rueful rather than cheerful. a regretful goodbye/glance/smile

Contrite (/ˈkɑːn.traɪt/)

From List-7 FEELING GUILTY feeling very sorry and guilty for something bad that you have done = remorseful (sad and guilty) regretful, rueful = sorry but not always because of something bad Eg: He looked so contrite that for a while she believed that he was actually feeling sorry for his needs. a contrite apology/expression

Penitent

From List-7 FEELING GUILTY showing that you are sorry for something you have done because you feel it was wrong Eg: He was feeling penitent for having punished his son without verifying the truth.

Lull C or T /lʌl/

From List-7 GAP 1. =calm. to cause someone to feel calm or to feel that they want to sleep The motion of the car almost lulled her to sleep. 2. a temporary calm or quiet = khoang lang, luc ngoi bot There has been a *lull in the fighting*. a *lull in* the conversation/traffic

Hiatus /haɪˈeɪ.t̬əs/

From List-7 GAP a short pause in which nothing happens or is said, or a space where something is missing Eg: The company expects to resume production of the vehicle again after a two-month hiatus.

Abeyance (/əˈbeɪ.əns/)

From List-7 GAP a state of not happening or being used at present: = suspension Eg: The project is being *held in abeyance* until agreement is reached on funding it. Hostilities between the two groups have been *in abeyance* since last June

Moratorium (Cn) (/ˌmɔːr.əˈtɔːr.i.əm/) --> pl. moratoria or moratoriums

From List-7 GAP a stopping of an activity for an agreed amount of time Eg: a five-year worldwide moratorium on nuclear weapons testing

Respite /ˈres.paɪt/ U/ C usually S or S

From List-7 GAP 1. (C usually Singular/ U) a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant = su nghi ngoi, giai lao Eg: We worked for hours without respite. The center provides a respite for teens in trouble. 2. a useful delay before something unpleasant happens. thoi gian tri hoan Their teacher was away, so they had a day's respite before their essays were due.

Harbinger /ˈhɑːr.bɪn.dʒɚ/

From List-7 HAPPENING BEFORE MAIN EVENT a person or thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something bad Eg: a harbinger of doom

Precedent

From List-7 HAPPENING BEFORE MAIN EVENT an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made: Eg: There are several precedents for promoting people who don't have formal qualifications.

Antecedent /ˌæn.t̬əˈsiː.dənt/

From List-7 HAPPENING BEFORE MAIN EVENT someone or something existing or happening before, especially as the cause or origin of something existing or happening later = precedent but can also mean something that something else is developed from Eg: Many people feel a great curiosity to find out about their antecedents. It's fairly common to write a sequel but not so common to write an antecedent Charles Babbage's mechanical calculating engines were the antecedents of the modern computer.

Forerunner

From List-7 HAPPENING BEFORE MAIN EVENT something or someone that acts as an early and less advanced model for what will appear in the future, or a warning or sign of what is to follow Eg: The drop in share prices in March was a forerunner of the financial crash that followed in June.

Precursor

From List-7 HAPPENING BEFORE MAIN EVENT something that happened or existed before another thing, especially if it either developed into it or had an influence on it Eg: Biological research has often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs.

Malignant

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE A malignant disease or growth is likely to get worse and lead to death Eg: Is the tumour malignant or benign?

Detrimental

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE causing harm or damage Eg: These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment.

Deleterious (/ˌdel.ɪˈtɪr.i.əs/)

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE harmful Eg: These drugs have a proven deleterious effect on the nervous system.

Pernicious

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE having a very harmful effect or influence: Eg: The cuts in government funding have had a pernicious effect on local health services.

Anathema əˈnæθ.ə.mə/ (U or C usually singular)

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE something that is strongly disliked or disapproved of Eg: The idea of higher taxes is anathema to most conservatives. Credit controls are anathema to the government. For older employees, the new system is an anathema.

Blight (T)

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE something that spoils or has a very bad effect on something, often for a long time (diseases, injuries, social factors) Eg: His career has been blighted by injuries. Poverty and disease blighted their lives. an area blighted by unemployment

Baleful

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE threatening to do something bad or to hurt someone Eg: We are aware of baleful effects of water pollution.

Bane /beɪn/ U

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE = nguyen nhan gay kho khan, can tro cho ... a cause of continuous trouble or unhappiness; something that harms Eg: Sales taxes have become *the bane of* business across the country. Keeping noise levels low is the bane of airport administration. That cat is the bane of my life!

Malediction (/ˌmæl.əˈdɪk.ʃən/) (C or U)

From List-7 HARMFUL/ CURSE words that are intended to bring bad luck to someone or that express the hope that someone will have bad luck; a curse Eg: He left, muttering *maledictions against* them.

Quixotic kwɪkˈsɑː.t̬ɪk/

From List-7 IDEALISTIC having or showing ideas that are different and unusual but not practical or likely to succeed: Eg: This is a vast, exciting and some say quixotic project.

Utopian

From List-7 IDEALISTIC relating to or aiming for a perfect society in which everyone works well with each other and is happy Eg: There is nothing like utopian society.

Decadent

From List-7 IMMORAL A decadent person or group has low moral standards Eg: Champagne and chocolates for breakfast - how decadent!

Improbity

From List-7 IMMORAL Lack of honesty and moral integrity. >< probity (/ˈproʊ.bə.t̬i/ honesty) Eg: His improbity resulted in him facing a termination from his workplace.

Debauchery (/dɪˈbɑː.tʃɚ.i/) (U)

From List-7 IMMORAL bad sexual behaviour, drinking too much alcohol, taking drugs, etc. = su truy lac, sa doa, an choi trac tang Eg: We live in a tolerant society where sex drugs and general debauchery are accepted.

Wayward

From List-7 IMMORAL doing only what you want and often changing your behaviour in a way that is difficult to control = perverse = bong bot, nong noi, uong nganh Eg: He was a wayward kid.

Dissolute /ˈdɪs.ə.luːt/

From List-7 IMMORAL =debauched = immoral (of a person) living in a way that other people strongly disapprove of Eg: He led a dissolute life, drinking, and womanizing till his death. Sometimes I feel like people living in the countryside Australia is mainly debautched and dissolute people like Alisha Mane.

Depravity (U or C) /dɪˈpræv.ə.t̬i/

From List-7 IMMORAL the state of being morally bad, or an action that is morally bad Contestants of Miss Motherfuker are those who have had depravities. The winner of Miss Motherfuker 2020 was Alisha Mane. The first runner-up was Harwant Singh and the second runner-up was Nic

Rudimentary

From List-7 JUST BEGINNING OR DEVELOPING Rudimentary methods, equipment, systems, or body parts are simple and not very well developed Eg: This is perhaps the result of some rudimentary research.

Incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt

From List-7 JUST BEGINNING OR DEVELOPING just beginning Eg: The project is still in its incipient stage signs of incipient public frustration

Nascent

From List-7 JUST BEGINNING OR DEVELOPING only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly Eg: The actress is now focusing on her nascent singing career

Embryonic

From List-7 JUST BEGINNING OR DEVELOPING starting to develop Eg: The project is still at an embryonic stage.

Fledgling (before noun) /ˈfledʒ.lɪŋ/

From List-7 JUST BEGINNING OR DEVELOPING young, new or inexperienced + job/ company, industry/ career Eg: The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses. Still in his teens, he pursued his *fledgling career* in journalism. She was able to help him in his *fledgling career*. a *fledgling designer/developer/filmmaker* Many *fledgling companies* need financial assistance. One of those *fledgling industries* in the area is tourism. a *fledgling airline/brewery/bank*

Inchoate /ɪnˈkoʊ.eɪt/, /ɪnˈkəʊət/

From List-7 JUST BEGINNING OR DEVELOPING = basic, elementary, rudimentary, simple = ban so, don gian only recently or partly formed, or not completely developed or clear. Eg: Inchoate feelings of affection for a man whom she had, up till now, thought of as a friend. She had a child's inchoate awareness of language. inchoate ideas

Atrophy (n or v)

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN (of a part of the body) to be reduced in size and therefore strength, or, more generally, to become weaker Eg: After several months in a hospital bed, my leg muscles had atrophied.

Wilt

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN (of a plant) to become weak and begin to bend towards the ground, or (of a person) to become weaker, tired, or less confident Eg: He was wilting from all the pressure at work.

Flagging

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN becoming weaker Eg: we should rejuvenate (to make someone look or feel young and energetic again) our flagging attitude toward everything.

Degenerate

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN deteriorate in strength, quality, etc. = deteriorate Eg: Her health degenerated quickly. Educational standards are degenerating year by year because of a lack of funds. What was intended as a peaceful demonstration rapidly degenerated into violence.

Attrition

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN gradually making something weaker and destroying it, especially the strength or confidence of an enemy by repeatedly attacking it = tieu hao sinh luc, lam yeu suc luc Eg: The enemy surrounded the town and conducted a war of attrition (chien tranh tieu hao)

Degradation

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN the act of degrading. Eg: A lot of environmental degradation is caused because of plastic usage.

Debilitate (/dɪˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪt/)

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN to make someone or something physically weak Eg: The troops(soldiers or armed forces) were severely debilitated by hunger and disease. Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him.

Enfeeble

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN to make someone or something very weak Eg: At that moment she knew that his age had enfeebled him.

Sap

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN to make someone weaker or take away strength or an important quality from someone, especially over a long period of time Eg: The arduous(difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy) job has *sapped him of* all the energy. Constant criticism *saps you of* your confidence. Taking care of her dying mother had sapped all her energy.

Attenuate

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN to make something smaller, thinner, or weaker Eg: The drugs attenuates the effects of the virus.

Wither

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker: Eg: This country is in danger of allowing its industrial base to wither away. Constant injuries have withered the man

Effete /ɪˈfiːt/

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN weak and without much power, more typical of a woman than of a man Eg: With nothing to do all day the aristocracy (a class of people who hold high social rank) had grown effete and lazy

Enervate /ˈen.ɚ.veɪt/

From List-7 LOSE STRENGTH/ WEAKEN >< energize, rejuvenate, refresh, recharge to make someone feel weak and without energy Eg: Years upon years of doing dreary(boring and making you feel unhappy) jobs had enervated me. an *enervating disease/climate*

Shackle

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE If you are shackled by something, it prevents you from doing what you want to do: Eg: The country is shackled by its own debts.

Rein /reɪn/ (C usually plural)

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE a long, thin piece of material, especially leather, that helps you to control and direct a horse: Eg: You pull on both reins to stop or slow a horse, but only the left rein to turn left.

Secure

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE fix firmly Eg: She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car.

Fetter

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE to keep someone within limits or stop them from making progress Eg: He felt fettered by a nine-to-five office existence.

Circumscribe

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE to limit something Eg: The power of monarchy (the system of having a king or queen) was circumscribed by the new law. Their movements have been severely circumscribed since the laws came into effect. There followed a series of tightly circumscribed visits to military installations.

X Extricate /ˈek.strɪ.keɪt/ (T)

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE to remove something or set something free with difficulty Eg: It took hours to extricate *the car from the sand*. I tried to extricate *myself from the situation*.

Constraint /kənˈstreɪnt/ (C or U)

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE 1. C = restriction (C or U) a thing that limits or restricts something Eg: This decision will impose/ place/ put serious constraints on all schools. The constraints *of* politeness wouldn't allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking. Financial constraints *on* the company are preventing them from employing new staff. 2. (U) su guong ep She tried to appear friendly, but her constraint was obvious.

Bridle /ˈbrɑɪd·əl/

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE = be angry at/ with = be mad at = be annoyed at/with to show sudden anger; to show that you are annoyed and/or offended at something, especially by moving your head up and backwards in a proud way Eg: She bridled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest. Homeowners bridled at the new regulations.

Restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/ T

From List-7 RESTRAIN/ X SET FREE to control the actions or behaviour of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something Eg: When he started fighting, it took four police officers to restrain him. I could hardly restrain my laughter. You should try to restrain your ambitions and be more realistic. Growth in car ownership could be restrained by increasing taxes.

Suffrage /ˈsʌf.rɪdʒ/ U

From List-7 RIGHT TO VOTE the right to vote in an election, especially to vote for representatives in a government Eg: Even as the world entered the 21st century, some nations still did not permit women's suffrage universal suffrage (= the right of all adults to vote) In today's age, many disadvantaged groups do not have suffrage.

Enfranchise

From List-7 RIGHT TO VOTE to give a person or group of people the right to vote in elections Eg: There were attempts to enfranchise foreign residents in local elections.

Foible

From List-7 STRANGE a strange habit or characteristic that is seen as not important and not harming anyone Eg: We have to tolerate each other's little foibles.

Idiosyncrasy /ˌɪd.i.əˈsɪŋ.krə.si/ (C, usually plural)

From List-7 STRANGE a strange or unusual habit, way of behaving, or feature that someone or something has Eg: Wearing a raincoat even before it starts raining is one of her idiosyncrasies.

Quirk (CN)

From List-7 STRANGE an unusual habit or part of someone's personality, or something that is strange and unexpected Eg: You have to get used to other people's quirks and foibles. By some strange quirk/By an odd quirk of fate (= unexpectedly), we ended up on the same train.

Essentric

From List-7 STRANGE strange or unusual, sometimes in a humorous way Eg: She was an elderly eccentric who lived with 25 cats.

Quirkiness

From List-7 STRANGE the quality of being unusual in an attractive and interesting way Eg: The actress's interpretation of the character reflects her own delightful quirkiness.

Precis

From List-7 SUMMARY a short form of a text that gives only the important parts Eg: He was asked to make a precis of the report and submit it before the next meeting.

Gist

From List-7 SUMMARY a summary Eg: I missed the beginning of the lecture can you give me the gist of what he said?

Synopsis

From List-7 SUMMARY a summary Eg: The program gives a brief synopsis of the plot.

Crux (/ˈkrʌks/) (S or U)

From List-7 SUMMARY the essential point Eg: Now we should come to the crux of the matter. the most important or serious part of a matter, problem, or argument

Purport (CN) (/ˈpɝː.pɔːrt/)

From List-7 SUMMARY the general meaning of someone's words or actions = main idea Eg: I didn't read it all but I think the purport of the letter was that he will not be returning for at least a year.

Rejuvenate (/rɪˈdʒu·vəˌneɪt/)

From List-7 THRIVING/ RESTORED 1. improve the way sth works or looks = regenerate to make an organization or system more effective by introducing new methods, ideas, or people Eg: He has decided to rejuvenate the team by bringing in a lot of new, young players. They can do much to rejuvenate old neighborhoods and keep the city from declining again. 2. energize (make sth feel young and energetic again) = *refresh* (T give new energy and strength) = *recharge* (I or T) (get new energy or give new energy to sth) A good night's sleep will refresh you. It's important to have regular breaks and to take time to recharge.

Resuscitation

From List-7 THRIVING/ RESTORED the act of bringing someone or something back to life or waking them Eg: He had a heart attack and all attempts to resuscitate him failed.

Burgeon

From List-7 THRIVING/ RESTORED to develop or grow quickly Eg: This country has a burgeoning population.

Thriving

From List-7 THRIVING/ RESTORED very healthy or successful; very successful and developing well Eg: The licensing industry is a thriving business.

Regenerate T or I

From List-7 THRIVING/ RESTORED 1. T = rejuvenate = to improve a place or system, especially by making it more active or successful Eg: The money will be used to regenerate the commercial heart of the town. They are involved in a series of commercial and housing developments to *regenerate the area*. The casino is intended to create jobs and *regenerate the local economy*. 2. T or I = grow Tissue regenerates after skin is scratched. A lizard can regenerate its tail.

Nebulous

From List-7 UNCLEAR/ HAZY (especially of ideas) not clear and having no form Eg: She has a few nebulous ideas about what she might want to do in the future, but nothing definite.

Amorphous

From List-7 UNCLEAR/ HAZY having no fixed form, unclear or vague Eg: An amorphous mass of cells with no identity at all

Cloud

From List-7 UNCLEAR/ HAZY make unclear Eg: Doubts were beginning to cloud my mind

Becloud

From List-7 UNCLEAR/ HAZY make unclear (issue, matter) Eg: The introduction of such a resolution would only becloud the matter

Indistinct

From List-7 UNCLEAR/ HAZY not clear Eg: His memory of the incident was indistinct.

Murky

From List-7 UNCLEAR/ HAZY used to describe a situation that is complicated and unpleasant, and about which many facts are not clear Eg: I don't want to get into the murky waters of family arguments. He became involved in the murky world of international drug-dealing.

Rectitude (/ˈrek.tə.tuːd/)

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS honesty and correct moral behaviour = uprightness (/ˈʌp.raɪt.nəs/) Eg: An austere man of unquestioned moral rectitude, Nava inspired deep devotion in those who worked for him.

Infallible

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS never wrong, failing, or making a mistake Eg: Even the experts are not infallible.

Unimpeachable /ˌʌn.ɪmˈpiː.tʃə.bəl/ (approving)

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS of such a high standard of honesty and moral goodness that it cannot be doubted or criticized = highly credible Eg: We got evidence from an unimpeachable source.

Immaculate

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS perfect and without any mistakes Eg: He gave an immaculate performance as the aging hero.

Impeccable

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS perfect, with no problems or bad parts Eg: His English is impeccable.

Probity (/ˈproʊ.bə.t̬i/)

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS the quality of being honest and behaving correctly = integrity Eg: Her probity and integrity are beyond question.

Integrity

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change Eg: No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity.

Irreproachable

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS without fault and therefore impossible to criticize Eg: Her conduct throughout was irreproachable.

Flawless

From List-7 WITHOUT MISTAKES/ FLAWLESS without mistakes Eg: Her English is almost flawless.

Demure

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE (especially of women) quiet and well behaved Eg: Two demure little girls sat near their mother.

X Flagrant /ˈfleɪ.ɡrənt/

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE Shocking because of being so bad and so obvious Eg: a flagrant violation of the rules a flagrant misuse of funds/privilege a flagrant breach of trust a flagrant disregard for the law

X Unbecoming (/ˌʌn.bɪˈkʌm.ɪŋ/)

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE Unbecoming behaviour is not correct or not acceptable = unacceptable Eg: He was charged with conduct *unbecoming (to)* an officer. Such conduct is *unbecoming to* an official. = unattractive used with clothes on a particular person

X Malfeasance

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE an example of dishonest and illegal behaviour, especially by a person in authority Eg: Several cases of malpractice and malfeasance in the financial world are currently being investigated.

Decorous

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE behaving politely and in a controlled way Eg: His manner, as ever, was decorous.

Propriety (/prəˈpraɪə.t̬i/)

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE correct moral behaviour or actions Eg: The director insisted that there was no question as to the propriety of how the funds were raised. She was careful always to behave with propriety.

Prim

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE formal, neat, and socially correct Eg: She's much too prim and proper to be host.

Seemly

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE socially suitable and polite, dignified, proper and in good taste. Eg: It was not considered seemly to talk in such a way in front of the children.

X Execrable /ˈek.sə.krə.bəl/

From List-8 ACTING PROPERLY/ X MISBEHAVE very bad Eg: She's always had execrable taste in men.

Upheaval

From List-8 CHAOS/ CONFUSING (a) great change, causing or involving difficulty or trouble Eg: The upheaval scared off tourists and shattered the city's economy.

Turbulence

From List-8 CHAOS/ CONFUSING a state of confusion without any order Eg: The era was characterized by political and cultural turbulence.

Turmoil

From List-8 CHAOS/ CONFUSING a state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder Eg: The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.

Bedlam /ˈbed.ləm/

From List-8 CHAOS/ CONFUSING complete disorder and confusion = pandemonium, chaos (U) Eg: In the bedlam of shouting, screaming, running people, some ran toward the stage.

Tumultuous

From List-8 CHAOS/ CONFUSING very loud, or full of confusion, change, or uncertainty Eg: It was tumultuous time in her life.

Pandemonium (U) /ˌpæn.dəˈmoʊ.ni.əm/

From List-8 CHAOS/ CONFUSING = chaos, bedlam (U) a situation in which there is a lot of noise and confusion because people are excited, angry, or frightened Eg: There was pandemonium in the classroom till the head appeared.

Wily

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE (of a person) intelligent, having a very good understanding of situations, possibilities, and people, and often willing to use tricks to achieve an aim; cunning Eg: The boss is a wily old fox (someone who is clever and good at deceiving people).

Artifice

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE (the use of) a clever trick or something intended to deceive Eg: Pretending to faint was merely an artifice.

Bilk /bɪlk/ (T)

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE Cheat someone of money, possessions etc. = swindle sb (out of [amount of money]) = *defraud* sb (of [amount of money]) (/dɪˈfrɔːd/) Eg: A con man who bilked *investors out of* millions of dollars He *bilked clients out of* tens of millions of dollars. They were accused of defrauding the company of $14 000.

Gull

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE Fool or deceive (someone) Eg: He had been gulled into believing that the documents were authentic

Guile (UN) (/ɡaɪl/)

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE clever but sometimes dishonest behaviour that you use to deceive someone = muu mo, am muu, thu doan Eg: He is a simple, honest man, totally lacking in guile. The president will need to use all her political guile to stay in power.

Chicanery /ʃɪˈkeɪ.nɚ.i/ U

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE clever, dishonest talk or behaviour that is used to deceive people Eg: The investigation revealed political chicanery and corruption at the highest levels.

Mislead

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE deceive Eg: He deliberately mislead us about the nature of their relationship.

Artful /ˈɑːrt.fəl/

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE intelligent and skilful, esp. in persuading, sometimes without being completely honest = muu meo = crafty Eg: He was artful and cunning so she didn't really trust him. He has shown himself to be an artful politician. The prime minister dealt with the interviewer's questions in a very artful way.

Dupe (v) /duːp/

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE to cheat someone by telling lies or by deceiving the person = trick/ fool sb into doing sth Eg: They duped me into giving them money by saying it would go to charity.

Hoodwink

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE to deceive or trick someone Eg: We were hoodwinked into believing that we had won a lot of money.

Swindle /ˈswɪndl/ v

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE to get money dishonestly from someone by deceiving or cheating them Eg: They *swindled local businesses out of* thousands of dollars. A Web-based company *swindled customers out of $15 million*.

Deceive

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE to persuade someone that something false is the truth, or to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage Eg: The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones.

Fleece

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE 1. len, long cuu the wool of a sheep, or a soft, artificial material that looks like wool Eg: Polyester fleeces are especially popular to provide warmth in coats. 2. to take someone's money dishonestly, by charging too much money or by cheating them = * rip sb off" Eg: He was fleecing investors by setting up bogus companies and then manipulating the price of their stocks.

Crafty

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE = artful = cunning (plan, ploy, man) = wily clever, especially in a dishonest or secret way Eg: I have some crafty ideas for getting around the regulations.

Duplicity /duːˈplɪs.ə.t̬i/ (U)

From List-8 CHEAT/ DECEIVE = double-dealing = doi xu hai mat = dishonesty dishonest talk or behaviour, especially by saying different things to two people Eg: They were accused of duplicity in their dealings with both sides.

Menace (v or C or U) /ˈmen.əs/

From List-8 CRIMINALS/ LAW BREAKERS If someone or something menaces a person or thing, he, she, or it threatens seriously to harm it Eg: Sultan menaced the eastern coast for a week. Drunk drivers are a *menace to* everyone. Dogs running loose are *a public menace*. the menace of industrial pollution He had a slight air of menace which made me uneasy. He spoke with a hint of menace

Felon /ˈfel.ən/

From List-8 CRIMINALS/ LAW BREAKERS a person who is guilty of a serious crime Eg: A convicted felon loses the right to vote.

Rogue (/roʊɡ/)

From List-8 CRIMINALS/ LAW BREAKERS a person, organization, or country that does not behave in the usual or acceptable way Eg: Many of the residents of this apartment were rogues.

Miscreant

From List-8 CRIMINALS/ LAW BREAKERS someone who behaves badly or does not obey rules Eg: Some miscreants uprooted (to pull a plant including its roots out of the ground) all the plants in our colony last night

Scoundrel /ˈskaʊn.drəl/ C

From List-8 CRIMINALS/ LAW BREAKERS ten can ba, ten xuc xinh a person, especially a man, who treats other people very badly and has no moral principles Eg: The scoundrel who killed her escaped before the police had any knowledge of the crime. I hope all scoundrels are far away from me.

Debacle /dɪˈbɑː.kəl/ C

From List-8 DISASTERS a complete failure, especially because of bad planning and organization: Eg: The collapse of the company was described as the greatest financial debacle in US history.

Calamity (kəˈlæm.ə.t̬i/)

From List-8 DISASTERS a serious accident or bad event causing damage or suffering Eg: A series of calamities ruined them - floods, a failed harvest, and the death of a son.

Catastrophe

From List-8 DISASTERS a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction Eg: Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe.

Cataclysm

From List-8 DISASTERS an extremely destructive event or violent change Eg: The city has just experienced a cataclysmic flood.

X Coup /kuː/

From List-8 DISASTERS an unexpectedly successful achievement Eg: It was a tremendous coup for the local paper to get an exclusive interview with Prince Charles.

Calamitous (/kəˈlæm.ə.t̬əs/)

From List-8 DISASTERS disastrous Eg: The bridge collapsed in the storm, with calamitous results

Sceptical

From List-8 DOUBTFUL doubting that something is true or useful Eg: I am sceptical about his chances of winning.

Apprehensive

From List-8 DOUBTFUL feeling worried about something that you are going to do or that is going to happen Eg: I've invited a lot of people to the party, but I'm a little apprehensive that no one will come.

Cynical

From List-8 DOUBTFUL not trusting or respecting the goodness of other people and their actions, but believing that people are interested only in themselves; used to say that someone's feelings or emotions are used to your own advantage Eg: Listening to politicians for too long can make you cynical. He praises my cooking but it's just a cynical ploy (something that is done or said in order to get an advantage, often dishonestly) to get me to make him dinner.

Patron

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER a person or group that supports an activity or organization, especially by giving money Eg: The Princess Royal is a well-known patron of several charities.

Philanthropist

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER a person who helps the poor, especially by giving them money Eg: a donation from a wealthy 19th-century philanthropist

Beneficent

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER helping people and doing good acts Eg: Her father is a beneficent businessman.

Humane

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER showing kindness, care, and sympathy towards others, especially those who are suffering Eg: The humane way of dealing with a suffering animal (= the way that causes the least pain) is to kill it quickly

Benefactor /ˈben.ə.fæk.tɚ/ C

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER someone who gives money to help an organization, society, or person Eg: They hope to find a benefactor, and turn the factory into a museum.

Altruist

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER the attitude of caring about others and doing acts that help them although you do not get anything by doing those acts Eg: Nobody believes those people are donating money to the president's party purely out of altruism.

Munificent /mjuːˈnɪf.ə.sənt/

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER very generous with money = very generous Eg: A former student has donated a munificent sum of money to the college a munificent patron/gift/gesture He enjoys being munificent on a princely scale.

Magnanimous (/mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/)

From List-8 GENEROUS SUPPORTER very kind and generous towards an enemy or someone you have defeated Eg: The team's manager was magnanimous in victory, and praised the losing team.

Effrontery /ɪˈfrʌntəri/

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT extreme rudeness without any ability to understand that your behaviour is not acceptable to other people Eg: He was silent all through the meal and then had the effrontery to complain that I looked bored!

Brazen /ˈbreɪ.zən/

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT obvious, without any attempt to be hidden; shamelessly bold. = blatant Eg: She had become brazen about the whole affair. brazen cheating He told me a brazen/ blatant lie.

Insolent

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT rude and not showing respect Eg: Her insolent attitude cost her the job.

Impertinent

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone older or in a higher position than you Eg: I hope he didn't think I was being impertinent when I asked him about his private life.

Impudent /ˈɪm.pjə.dənt/ (a)

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone who is older or in a more important position Eg: During the examination, his conduct was impudent.

Presumptuous /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃuː.əs/

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT rude because of doing something although you know you do not have a right to do it Eg: It would be presumptuous of me to speak for the others. It would be presumptuous of me to comment on the matter.

Gall

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT rudeness and the quality of being unable to understand that your behaviour or what you say is not acceptable to other people Eg: Considering that he never even bothers to visit my parents, I'm amazed that Tim has the gall to ask them for money!

Audacious

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT showing a willingness to take risks or offend people; very bold. Eg: He described the plan as ambitious and audacious.

Cheeky

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT slightly rude or showing no respect, but often in a funny way Eg: Don't be so cheeky! used to describe something that you eat, drink, or do, especially when this is done quickly, without planning, or when you should not really do it: Eg: We just went outside for a cheeky cigarette.

Nerve

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT the courage or confidence necessary to do something difficult, unpleasant, or rude Eg: I wanted to ask her out, but I lost my nerve and couldn't go through with it.

Temerity /təˈmer.ə.t̬i/

From List-8 LACK OF RESPECT = su tao bao a willingness to do or say something that shocks or upsets other people Eg: She *had the temerity to* call me a liar. He *had the audacity /ɑːˈdæs.ə.t̬i/ to* blame me for his mistake!

X Unassuming

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD Someone who is unassuming is quiet and shows no wish for attention or admiration Eg: Sachin Tendulkar is a very unassuming cricketer.

Hubris

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD a way of talking or behaving that is too proud Eg: His failure was brought only by hubris.

Supercilious

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD behaving as if you are better than other people, and that their opinions, beliefs, or ideas are not important Eg: He spoke in a haughty, supercilious voice.

Pompous

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD feeling or showing that you think you are better or more important than other people Eg: His speech sounded very pompous and self-congratulatory.

Vainglorious (a) (/ˌveɪnˈɡlɔːr.i.əs/)

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD showing too much pride in your own abilities or achievements = tu phu, tu dac

Braggart

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD someone who proudly talks a lot about himself or herself and his or her achievements or possessions Eg: I am not trying to be braggart, but the editors mentioned me frequently in their journals.

Swagger

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD to walk or act in a way that shows that you are very confident and think that you are important Eg: His swaggering self-confidence irritates many people.

Conceited

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD too proud of yourself and your actions and abilities Eg: Without wishing to sound conceited, I am the best salesperson in the company.

Haughty

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD unfriendly and seeming to consider yourself better than other people; unreasonably proud Eg: She has a rather haughty manner.

Arrogant

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than, or know more than, other people Eg: I found him arrogant and rude.

Bombastic (/bɑːmˈbæs.tɪk/) (a)

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD using long and difficult words, usually to make people think you know more than you do Eg: a bombastic preacher (a person, usually a priest or minister, who gives a religious speech) a bombastic statement

Egotistical (/ˌi·ɡəˈtɪs·tɪ·kəl/)

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD very proud or self-centred. Eg: By contrast, his brother was vain, selfish and egoistic.

Bravado (/brəˈvɑː.doʊ/)

From List-8 OVERLY PROUD lam ra ve hien ngang, lam ra ve bao dan, can dam a show of courage, especially when unnecessary and dangerous, to make people admire you Eg: It was an act of bravado that made him ask his boss to resign. 'Don't threaten me,' she whispered *with false bravado*. He behaved aggressively *out of bravado*.

Credible

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE able to be believed or trusted Eg: They haven't produced any credible evidence for convicting him.

Feasible

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE able to be made, done, or achieved Eg: With the extra resources, the project now seems feasible.

Viable

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE able to work as intended or able to succeed Eg: I am afraid your plan is not commercially/economically/financially/politically viable.

Utilitarian

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE designed to be useful rather than decorative Eg: This is a plain utilitarian kitchenware.

Plausible (/ˈplɑː.zə.bəl/)

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE seeming likely to be true, or able to be believed Eg: Her story sounded perfectly plausible. A plausible person appears to be honest and telling the truth, even if they are not = deo mom, deo mieng Eg: a plausible salesman, bip bom

Verisimilitude U /ˌver.ə.səˈmɪl.ə.tuːd/

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE = authenticity the quality of seeming true or of having the appearance of being real Eg: She has included photographs in the book to lend verisimilitude to the story.

Conceivable /kənˈsiː.və.bəl/

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE = possible possible to imagine or to believe Eg: It's *just conceivable* (= possible although difficult to imagine) *(that)* the hospital made a mistake. Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall. It's conceivable (that) none of the proposals will be accepted.

Pragmatic (a)

From List-8 PRACTICAL/ POSSIBLE Solving problems in a sensible way that suits the conditions that really exist now, rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas, or rules Eg: We should have a pragmatic approach to management problems.

Prude

From List-8 PRETENSE OF MOLARITY a person who is easily shocked by rude things, especially those of a sexual type Eg: Don't be such a prude, Mayank.

Hypocritical /ˌhɪp.əˈkrɪt̬.ɪ.kəl/

From List-8 PRETENSE OF MOLARITY saying that you have particular moral beliefs but behaving in a way that shows these are not sincere Eg: Charles was a liar and a hypocritical person who married her for money.

Cant /kænt/ U

From List-8 PRETENSE OF MOLARITY statements, especially about moral or religious issues, that are not sincere and that you cannot trust. Eg: His speech was full of political, social and religious cant.

Sanctimonious /ˌsæŋk.təˈmoʊ.ni.əs/

From List-8 PRETENSE OF MOLARITY self-righteous (/ˌselfˈraɪ.tʃəs/) acting as if morally better than others Eg: Sanctimonious religious leaders preaching (to give a religious speech) about morality

Prig

From List-8 PRETENSE OF MORALITY a person who obeys the rules of correct behaviour and considers himself or herself to be morally better than other people Eg: He was a prig so no one listened to his advice.

Rehash (v) /ˈriː.hæʃ/ (disapproving)

From List-8 REPEAT to present something old in a new way or form without any real change or improvement to write, say, do, etc. something again with no new ideas or improvements Eg: He just rehashes songs from the 60's Some students merely rehash what they've heard in lectures. We could simply rehash the published facts - but that would be dull.

Recapitulate

From List-8 REPEAT to repeat the main points of an explanation or description Eg: To recapitulate briefly, the three main points are these.

Reiterate

From List-8 REPEAT to say something again, once or several times Eg: She reiterated that she had never seen him before.

Moderate

From List-8 SELF CONTROL a person whose opinions, especially their political ones, are not extreme and are therefore acceptable to a large number of people Eg: He has moderate salary demands.

X Indulge

From List-8 SELF CONTROL give in to an inclination or desire Eg: They went into town to indulge in some serious shopping.

Abstemious

From List-8 SELF CONTROL not doing things that give you pleasure, especially not eating good food or drinking alcohol Eg: He was a hardworking man with abstemious habits.

Temperate

From List-8 SELF CONTROL not extreme; within a middle range Eg: He is temperate in his eating and drinking habits.

Abstinence

From List-8 SELF CONTROL the fact of not doing something, such as drinking alcohol or having sex Eg: The best way to avoid pregnancy is total abstinence from sex.

Celibacy

From List-8 SELF CONTROL the state of intentionally not being married or having a sexual relationship Eg: Marriage has many pains, says Johnson in Rasselas, but celibacy has no pleasures.

Refrain

From List-8 SELF CONTROL to avoid doing or stop yourself from doing something Eg: The sign on the wall said "Please refrain from smoking."

Forbear (I) /fɔːrˈber/ (forbore --> forborne)

From List-8 SELF CONTROL to prevent yourself from saying or doing something, especially in a way that shows control, good judgment, or kindness to others Eg: He wanted to answer back, but he forbore from doing so. His plan was such a success that even his original critics could scarcely forbear *from congratulating* him. The doctor said she was optimistic about the outcome of the operation but *forbore to* make any promises at this early stage.

Scintillating (/ˈsɪn.t̬əl.eɪ.t̬ɪŋ/)

From List-8 SHINING 1. shining with bright flashes of light. Eg: Scintillating screens are direct method to observe an ion beam. + sun 2. funny, exciting, clever It was a superb script and a scintillating production. scintillating wit/repartee/conversation a scintillating personality/speech

Luminous

From List-8 SHINING producing or reflecting bright light (especially in the dark) Eg: The snowy landscape was growing luminous in the late afternoon light.

Effulgent

From List-8 SHINING shining brightly Eg: The effulgent sun was shining brightly as we headed out for our picnic. her effulgent beauty

Lustrous

From List-8 SHINING very shiny Eg: long, lustrous hair

Grandiloquent

From List-8 SHOW-OFF (-) A grandiloquent style or way of using language is complicated in order to attract admiration and attention, especially in order to make someone or something seem important Eg: Her speech was full of grandiloquent language, but it contained no new ideas.

Panache (+) /pəˈnæʃ/ (U)

From List-8 SHOW-OFF (-) a stylish, original, and very confident way of doing things that makes people admire you = kieu cach, dieu bo = flair =style Eg: She carries off the performance with panache. The orchestra played with great panache. He dressed with panache.

Flaunt

From List-8 SHOW-OFF (-) to show or make obvious something you are proud of in order to get admiration Eg: He's got a lot of money but he doesn't flaunt it.

Ostentatious

From List-8 SHOW-OFF (-) too obviously showing your money, possessions, or power, in an attempt to make other people notice and admire you Eg: She wore ostentatious gold jewellery.

Pretentious

From List-8 SHOW-OFF (-) trying to appear or sound more important or clever than you are, especially in matters of art and literature Eg: The novel deals with grand themes, but is never heavy or pretentious.

Flamboyance /flæmˈbɔɪ.əns/

From List-8 SHOW-OFF (-) very confident in behaviour, and liking to be noticed by other people, for example because of the way you dress, talk, etc. Eg: His clothes were rather flamboyant for such a serious occasion.

Grandiose /ˈɡræn.di.oʊs/ (a)

From List-8 SHOW-OFF (-) larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or great = vi dai = to tat = lon lao Eg: grandiose *schemes/designs/ideas* for making money

Succinct

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words Eg: Keep your letter succinct and to the point.

Monosyllabic /ˌmɑː.noʊ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ a

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS saying very little in a way that is rude or unfriendly = curt Eg: He grunted (to make a low, rough noise) a monosyllabic reply. to give a curt nod/reply Andy was very curt with him.

Teciturn

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS tending not to speak much Eg: He was always quiet, reserved, and taciturn.

Abridge

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS to make a book, play, or piece of writing shorter by removing details and information that is not important Eg: They listened to an abridged version on tape.

Abbreviated

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS to make a word or phrase shorter by using only the first letters of each word Eg: "Chief Executive Officer" is abbreviated as "CEO".

Condense

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS to reduce something, such as a speech or piece of writing, in length Eg: I condensed ten pages of comments into/to two.

Reticent /ˈret̬.ə.sənt/ (a)

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS unwilling to speak about your thoughts or feelings Eg: He is very reticent about his past girlfriend. Some students are reticent about answering questions

Brevity

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS using only a few words or lasting only a short time Eg: His essays are models of clarity and brevity.

Laconic

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS using very few words to express what you mean Eg: "I might," was the laconic reply.

Pithy (/ˈpɪθ.i/)

From List-8 SPEAK LESS/ FEW WORDS (of speech or writing) expressing an idea cleverly in a few words = suc tich Eg: The book is full of pithy observations about how we behave when we travel abroad. a pithy remark

Voluble (/ˈvɑːl.jə.bəl/)

From List-8 TALKATIVE/ LOT OF WORDS 1. involving a lot of words spoken confidently and forcefully = soi noi (noi chuyen) Two people walked by having a voluble argument. 2. hoat ngon, speaking a lot, with confidence and enthusiasm: She was a voluble, smart, funny interviewee. Evelyn was very voluble on the subject of women's rights.

Garrulous

From List-8 TALKATIVE/ LOT OF WORDS having the habit of talking a lot, esp. about unimportant things Eg: I had talked too much about myself and felt like a garrulous old fool.

Verbiage /ˈvɝː.bi.ɪdʒ/

From List-8 TALKATIVE/ LOT OF WORDS language that is very complicated and contains a lot of unnecessary words Eg: His explanation was wrapped up in so much technical verbiage that I couldn't understand it.

Verbose

From List-8 TALKATIVE/ LOT OF WORDS using or containing more words than are necessary Eg: a verbose explanation/report/speech/style

Prolix

From List-8 TALKATIVE/ LOT OF WORDS using too many words and therefore boring or difficult to read or listen to Eg: The prolix article is telling you more than you want to know.

Loquacious /loʊˈkweɪ.ʃəs/ a

From List-8 TALKATIVE/ LOT OF WORDS Someone who is loquacious talks a lot. Eg: She is a loquacious lady who never runs out of stories to tell.

Dupe

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION a person who can be easily fooled. Eg: He has never made a progress because he is a dupe

Credible

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION able to be believed or trusted Eg: They haven't produced any credible evidence for convicting him.

Gullible

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION easily deceived or tricked, and too willing to believe everything that other people say Eg: The advertisement is aimed at gullible young women worried about their weight.

Ingenuous

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION honest, sincere, and trusting, sometimes in a way that seems silly Eg: It has to be said it was rather ingenuous of him to ask a complete stranger to take care of his luggage.

Naive

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION innocent because in-experience and young. Eg: She's so naïve that she believes everything she reads.

Artless /ˈɑːrt.ləs/

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION simple and not wanting to deceive = chan thuc, chat phat Eg: The artless sincerity of a young child.

Credence

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION the belief that something is true; truthfulness or believability Eg: His bruises (an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in colour, often as a result of being hit by something) added/lent credence to his statement that he had been beaten.

Credulous

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION too willing to believe what you are told and so easily deceived Eg: The law afford relief to the credulous people who have been duped

Guileless /ˈɡaɪl.ləs/

From List-8 WITHOUT DECEPTION = honest = sincere = ingenuous honest, not able to deceive. Eg: Jacobs, a sweet and guileless performer, is quite delightful.

Slipshod (/ˈslɪp.ʃɑːd/)

From List-9 CARELESS (especially of a piece of work) showing little care, effort, or attention = cau tha, sloppy, careless Eg: he'd caused many problems with his slipshod management She complained that the carpenter's work had been slipshod.

Negligent

From List-9 CARELESS careless Eg: His parents say that the naval (belonging to a country's navy, or relating to military ships) medical staff was negligent.

Remiss

From List-9 CARELESS careless and not doing a duty well enough Eg: We were remiss in not sending thank-you notes for our wedding gifts.

X Stringent

From List-9 CARELESS extremely limiting or difficult; severe; harsh or strict Eg: The city has stringent fire-safety standards.

Lax /læks/ (a)

From List-9 CARELESS without much care, attention, or control Eg: The subcommittee contends that the authorities were lax in investigating most of the cases. He took a gun through baggage control to highlight the lax security.

Testimony (U/CN) (/ˈtes.tə.moʊ.ni/)

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED (an example of) spoken or written statements that something is true (loi chung, loi khai), especially those given in a law court; to be clear proof of something Eg: The reports are (a) testimony to the many hours of research completed by this committee. This increase in exports bears (a) testimony to the successes of industry. a sworn testimony Her claim was supported by the testimony of several witnesses. Can I refuse to give testimony?

Ascertain /ˌæs.ɚˈteɪn/ T

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED 1. = discover something = figure out sth + Wh(what, whether, how...) or STH Eg: Have you ascertained *wh*ether she's coming or not? The fire department has been unable to ascertain *the* cause of the fire. 2. make sure + THAT

Avow (əˈvaʊ/)

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED to admit something or say something publicly Eg: It is a society in which homosexuality is rarely avowed. He avowed that he regretted what he had done

Proclaim (v) (/proʊˈkleɪm/)

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED to announce something publicly or officially, especially something positive Eg: [ + that ] It was the famous speech in which he proclaimed that socialism was dead. [ + two objects ] She was proclaimed Queen at the age of 13 after the sudden death of her father.

Contend

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED to compete in order to win something Eg: He's contending against someone with twice his experience. to say that something is true or is a fact Eg: The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the scene of the crime.

Aver /əˈvɝː/

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED to say that something is certainly true Eg: "He's guilty, I tell you," she averred. + that She averred that he was guilty. + noun

Assert

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED to say that something is certainly true Eg: He asserts that she stole money from him.

Affirm

From List-9 CONFIRMED/ DECLARED to state something as true Eg: I can affirm that no one will lose his or her job.

Subject sb to sth

From List-9 EASILY AFFECTED (-) = make sb suffer from sth unpleasant Eg: The whole meeting was subjected to ridicule (words or actions that make someone or something seem foolish or stupid)

X Impervious (/ɪmˈpɝː.vi.əs/)

From List-9 EASILY AFFECTED (-) If someone is impervious to something, they are not influenced or affected by something = chai li = be inured to sth Eg: He is impervious to criticism and rational argument.

Vulnerable

From List-9 EASILY AFFECTED (-) able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked Eg: In cases of food poisoning, young children are especially vulnerable.

Susceptible

From List-9 EASILY AFFECTED (-) easily influenced or harmed by something Eg: He's very susceptible to colds.

Prone

From List-9 EASILY AFFECTED (-) likely to experience a particular problem more often than is usual Eg: People with fair skin, who sunburn easily, are very prone to develop skin cancer.

Obtrude

From List-9 ENTER WITHOUT PERMISSION (especially of something unwanted) to make something or to become too noticeable, especially by interrupting Eg: Music from the next room *obtruded upon* his thoughts. I don't want to *obtrude upon/on* her privacy.

Infringe

From List-9 ENTER WITHOUT PERMISSION to break a rule, law, etc Eg: Copying videos infringes copyright law

Impinge

From List-9 ENTER WITHOUT PERMISSION to encroach Eg: Suddenly the reality of war started to impinge.

Intrude (I) /ɪnˈtruːd/

From List-9 ENTER WITHOUT PERMISSION to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be Eg: I didn't realize your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I'm not intruding. Newspaper editors are being urged not to *intrude on/into* the grief of the families of missing servicemen.

Encroach

From List-9 ENTER WITHOUT PERMISSION to take control or possession of something in a gradual way and often without being noticed Eg: Someone who asks a lot of personal questions encroaches on your privacy.

Scrutinize

From List-9 EXAMINE CAREFULLY to examine something very carefully in order to discover information Eg: He scrutinized the men's faces carefully/closely, trying to work out who was lying.

pore over

From List-9 EXAMINE CAREFULLY to look at and study something, usually a book or document, carefully Eg: He pored over the letter searching for clues about the writer. She spends her evenings poring over textbooks.

# Browse

From List-9 EXAMINE CAREFULLY to look through or glance at carefully. Eg: He's browsing the shelves for something to read.

Peruse /pəˈruːz/

From List-9 EXAMINE CAREFULLY to read through something, especially in order to find the part you are interested in = skim Eg: He opened the newspaper and perused the sports pages.

X Frigid

From List-9 FRIENDLY (of a woman) having difficulty in becoming sexually excited unfriendly or very formal: Eg: She turned her frigid gaze on him. extremely cold Eg: It's frigid in here - could you turn down the air-conditioning?

Gregarious

From List-9 FRIENDLY (of people) liking to be with other people Eg: Leo was an open, gregarious, kind individual, who loved people

X Glacial

From List-9 FRIENDLY extremely cold Eg: a glacial period extremely unfriendly Eg: She gave me a glacial smile/stare.

Affable

From List-9 FRIENDLY friendly and easy to talk to Eg: Mr book is an extremely affable and approachable person.

Convivial (kənˈvɪv.i.əl/)

From List-9 FRIENDLY friendly and making you feel happy and welcome Eg: She is a woman of convivial nature

Genial

From List-9 FRIENDLY friendly and pleasant Eg: Bob was always genial and welcoming host

Congenial

From List-9 FRIENDLY friendly and pleasant; producing a feeling of comfort or satisfaction Eg: We spent a relaxed evening with congenial friends.

Cordial /ˈkɔːr.dʒəl/

From List-9 FRIENDLY friendly, but formal and polite Eg: Relations between the two leaders are said to be cordial.

X Aloof

From List-9 FRIENDLY not friendly or willing to take part in things; not interested or involved, usually because you do not approve of what is happening Eg: Whatever is happening in the office, she always remains aloof.

Amiable

From List-9 FRIENDLY pleasant and friendly Eg: They were chatting quite amiably on the phone last night so I assumed everything was okay.

Amicable /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bəl/

From List-9 FRIENDLY relating to behaviour between people that is pleasant and friendly, often despite a difficult situation = em dem, than thien, hien hoa, hoa binh Eg: His manner was perfectly amicable, but I felt uncomfortable. Eventually we reached an *amicable settlement*. Few people have *amicable divorces*.

Complaisance

From List-9 FRIENDLY willingness to please others by being polite and fitting in with their plans Eg: She was complaisance wife and dutiful daughter.

Fraternize /ˈfræt̬.ɚ.naɪz/ I

From List-9 FRIENDLY = be friendly with = be friends with sb = make friends sbwith to meet someone socially, especially someone who belongs to an opposing army or team, or has a different social position Eg: Do the doctors *fraternize* much *with* the nurses here? The soldiers were accused of *fraternizing with* the enemy.

Camaraderie /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dɚ.i/ U oR S = camradeship /ˈkɑːm.reɪd.ʃɪp/

From List-9 FRIENDLY = tinh ban, tinh dong chi a feeling of *friendliness* towards people that you work or share an experience with Eg: When you've been climbing alone for hours, there's a tremendous sense of camaraderie when you meet another climber.

Abnegate /ˈæb.nə.ɡeɪt/

From List-9 GIVE UP Renounce or reject (something desired or valuable) to not allow yourself to have something, especially something you like or want to not accept something, or to say that you do not have something = reject/ deny Eg: The king abnegated power to the ministers. to abnegate responsibility/guilt

Cede

From List-9 GIVE UP to give control or possession of something, esp. land to someone else, often unwillingly or because forced to do so Eg: Cuba was ceded by Spain to the US in 1898

Abdicate (I or T) /ˈæb·dɪˌkeɪt/

From List-9 GIVE UP to give up a position as king, or to fail to take responsibility for something Edward VIII abdicated (the British throne) in 1936. The administration has abdicated its leadership on this critical issue. She abdicated all responsibility for the project.

Forgo /fɔːrˈɡoʊ/ T

From List-9 GIVE UP to give up or do without or not have or not do sth Eg: No one was prepared to forgo their lunch hour to attend the meeting. I *shall have to forgo the pleasure of* seeing you this week. She decided to forgo flowers at the funeral and asked people to send money to a charity instead. I shall have to *forgo the pleasure* of seeing you this week.

Relinquish

From List-9 GIVE UP to give up something such as a responsibility or claim Eg: She relinquished control of the family investments to her son.

Forsake (/fɔːrˈseɪk/) (forsook, forsaken)

From List-9 GIVE UP to leave forever or to give up completely, especially when they leave you Eg: The ones who just use you when they need you and forsake you when you are vulnerable deserve to burn in the fire of justice.

Forswear

From List-9 GIVE UP to make a serious decision to stop doing something = renounce Eg: He forswear cigarettes as his new year's resolution.

Abjure (T) (/əbˈdʒʊr)

From List-9 GIVE UP to say formally or publicly that you no longer agree with a belief or way of behaving = recant = retract = tuyen bo bo, rut lai loi hua, loi khang dinh = renounce (stop doing/ believing in sth) = forswear (stop doing sth) Eg: She went on a strict diet of milk products, even abjuring her beloved Mars chocolate bars, and dropped to her present weight of 90 pounds He abjured his religion/his life of dissipation. After a year spent in solitary confinement, he publicly recanted (his views) She had to retract statements in published articles.

Renounce

From List-9 GIVE UP to say formally or publicly that you no longer own, support, believe in, or have a connection with something Eg: Gandhi renounced the use of violence.

Shroud (/ʃraʊd/)

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: a cloth or long, loose piece of clothing that is used to wrap a dead body before it is buried to hide something by covering or surrounding it Eg: The clouds shroud the mountains 9 out of 10 days Suddenly all the lights went out and the house was *shrouded in* darkness. Her whereabouts have been *shrouded in secrecy/ mystery* (to be matter about which little is known/ understood) since she received the death threat.

Mask

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: appearance or behaviour that hides the truth Eg: The newspaper revealed the sordid truth behind his mask of respectability.

Incognito

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: avoiding being recognized, by changing your name or appearance Eg: Movie starts often prefer to travel incognito.

Masquerade

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: behaviour that is intended to prevent the truth about something unpleasant or not wanted from becoming known Eg: He was tired of masquerade and wanted the truth to come out.

Cloak (CN or T) (/kloʊk/)

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: something that hides, covers, or keeps something else secret Eg: The restaurant he owned was just a cloak for (= hid) his drug-dealing activities. He has always kept his love affairs cloaked in secrecy (= kept them secret).

Camouflage /ˈkæm.ə.flɑːʒ/ (S or U)

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: something that is meant to hide something, or behaviour that is intended to hide the truth Eg: Using smoke as (a) camouflage, the army advanced up the hill. The lizard's light brown skin acts as (a) camouflage in the desert sand.

Guise

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: the appearance of someone or something, especially when intended to deceive Eg: The men who arrived in the guise of drug dealers were actually undercover police officers.

Dissemble

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: to hide your real intentions and feelings or the facts Eg: She was a very honest and upfront person who was incapable of dissembling

Feign /feɪn/

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: to pretend to have a particular feeling, problem, etc. Eg: He feigned sickness so he wouldn't have to go to school. You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are. The prosecution claimed that the defendant had feigned the injury. She responded to his remarks with feigned amusement.

Imitate

From List-9 IMITATE/ * COMIC IMITATION to behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or to copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something Eg: My four-year-old daughter is always trying to imitate her older sister.

Emulate

From List-9 IMITATE/ * COMIC IMITATION to copy something achieved by someone else and try to do it as well as they have Eg: They hope to emulate the success of other software companies.

Simulate

From List-9 IMITATE/ * COMIC IMITATION to do or make something that looks real but is not real Eg: Role playing is useful way of simulating real-life situations.

* Mimic /ˈmɪm.ɪk/ (V) --> mimicked, mimicking

From List-9 IMITATE/ * COMIC IMITATION = impersonate = take sb off = copy sb's behaviour to make ppl laugh imitate: copy sb or sth's behaviour without having to make ppl laugh to copy the way in which a particular person usually speaks and moves, usually in order to make people laugh Eg: He mimicked Rajnikant in the class.

Awe

From List-9 INSPIRING FEAR OR RESPECT a feeling of great respect sometimes mixed with fear or surprise Eg: I was too much in awe of him to address him directly.

Formidable

From List-9 INSPIRING FEAR OR RESPECT causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult Eg: In spite of his formidable appearance, he had a certain charm of manner.

Gruff /ɡrʌf/

From List-9 IRRITABLE (of a person's voice) low and unfriendly, or (of a person's behaviour) unfriendly or showing no patience = co loc, coc can Eg: "Yeah, so what?" came the gruff reply.

Curmudgeon

From List-9 IRRITABLE an old person who is often in a bad mood Eg: You are such a curmudgeon- why do you keep shouting at my kids for no reason?

Cantankerous (/ˌkænˈtæŋ.kɚ.əs/)

From List-9 IRRITABLE arguing and complaining a lot = gat gong, hay cai, kho tinh Eg: He's getting a bit cantankerous in his old age.

Chagrin /ˈʃæɡ.rɪn/ (n) --> chagrined (a) /ˈʃæɡ.rɪnd/

From List-9 IRRITABLE disappointment or anger, especially when caused by a failure or mistake; feel irritated and embarrassed. Eg: To her chagrin, neither of her sons become doctor. adj: chagrined He was staring at the ruined bike with a horribly chagrined expression. She was *chagrined to* discover her mistake. She feels a little *chagrined at being* filmed without her knowledge.

Grouchy

From List-9 IRRITABLE easily annoyed and complaining Eg: the old man grew sulky and grouchy

Testiness

From List-9 IRRITABLE easily annoyed and not patient Eg: My wife gets testy if we don't have dessert.

Irascible

From List-9 IRRITABLE made angry easily Eg: She's becoming more and more irascible as she grows older.

Churlish ˈtʃɝː.lɪʃ/

From List-9 IRRITABLE rude, unfriendly, and unpleasant Eg: I churlishly told him to go bother someone else. They invited me to dinner and I thought it would be churlish to refuse.

Choleric (/kəˈler.ɪk/)

From List-9 IRRITABLE very angry or easily annoyed = short-tempered = irascible (/ɪˈræs.ə.bəl/) = bad-tempered Eg: Jeanne was a choleric person and a miser.

Arbitator

From List-9 MEDIATOR/ * LEAD someone who has been officially chosen to make a decision that ends a legal disagreement without it having to be solved in court Eg: Eventually, the legal case between father and son was settled by an arbitrator.

Arbiter (/ˈɑːr.bə.t̬ɚ/)

From List-9 MEDIATOR/ * LEAD someone who makes a judgment, solves an argument, or decides what will be done = ng phan xu, trong tai Eg: An arbiter is also an arbitrator. Certain magazines are arbiters of fashion. the arbiters of fashion/taste The government will be the final *arbiter in* the dispute.

* Preside (I)

From List-9 MEDIATOR/ * LEAD to be in charge of a formal meeting, ceremony, or trial = chair (v) Eg: The vice president will preside at today's meeting. Who would be the best person to *preside at/over* the public enquiry? Judge Langdale is to *preside over* the official enquiry into the case.

* Officiate

From List-9 MEDIATOR/ * LEAD to be in charge of or to lead a ceremony or other public event Eg: A new referee will officiate at the game

Mediate (I or T)

From List-9 MEDIATOR/ * LEAD to talk to two separate people or groups involved in a disagreement to try to help them to agree or find a solution to their problems Eg: The two envoys (someone who is sent as a representative from one government or organization to another) have succeeded in mediating/ arbitrating an end to the war. Negotiators were called in to mediate/ arbitrate between the two sides. = arbitrate

Lewd

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY (esp. of behaviour or speech) sexual in an obvious and socially unacceptable way Eg: She's accused of having lewd and lascivious conduct with one of her students.

Lurid /ˈlʊr.ɪd/

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY (especially of a description) shocking because involving violence, sex, or immoral activity = obscene, offensive, distasteful Eg: She was wearing a lurid orange and green blouse.

Leer

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY (especially of men) to look at someone in a sexually interested way Eg: He was always leering at female members of staff.

Sordid

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY dirty and unpleasant Eg: There are lots of really sordid apartments in the city's poorer areas.

Lascivious /ləˈsɪv.i.əs/

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY expressing a strong desire for sexual activities = dam dang Eg: He was fired for making lascivious remarks to a co-worker.

Obscene

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY offensive, rude, or shocking, usually because of being too obviously related to sex or showing sex Eg: In the raid, police found several boxes of obscene DVDs.

Vulgar (/ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/) (a)

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY = thieu tham mi, thieu su te nhi not suitable, simple, dignified or beautiful; not in the style preferred by the upper classes of society Eg: The vulgar decoration spoilt the mood and ambience of the party. a vulgar patterned shirt Isn't it rather vulgar to talk about how much money you earn? I've no idea how much the clothes cost because there was nothing so vulgar as a price tag in evidence.

Homage /ˈhɑː.mɪdʒ/ (U)

From List-9 RESPECT deep respect and often praise shown for a person or god Eg: We pay homage to him for his achievements in medical research.

Venerate

From List-9 RESPECT to honour or very much respect a person or thing = revere = honor, respect sb/ sth very much Eg: Obey and venerate the old people particularly your parents.

Exalt

From List-9 RESPECT to praise someone a lot, or to raise someone to a higher rank or more powerful position Eg: His son was exalted to a high position in the government through family connections.

Commemorate

From List-9 RESPECT to remember officially and give respect to a great person or event, especially by a public ceremony or by making a statue or special building Eg: A series of movies will be shown to commemorate the 30th anniversary of his death.

Revere

From List-9 RESPECT to very much respect and admire someone or something Eg: From earliest childhood, she had been taught to revere and love bishops (a priest of high rank who is in charge of the priests of lower rank in a particular area) of her church.

Hallow (/ˈhæl.oʊ/)

From List-9 RESPECT = than thanh hoa, thieng lieng hoa to give something great importance and respect, often because it is very old Eg: Their wedding was hallowed by a friendly priest. to make something holy (related to a religion or a god) Eg: The bread and wine has been hallowed by being dedicated to God.

Deference /ˈdef.ɚ.əns/ U

From List-9 RESPECT respect and politeness Eg: She covered her head out of/in deference to (= because of a polite respect for) Muslim custom. He treats her with such deference.

Furtive /ˈfɝː.t̬ɪv/

From List-9 SECRET (-) (of people) behaving secretly and often dishonestly, or (of actions) done secretly and often dishonestly Eg: I saw him cast a furtive glance at the woman at the table to his right. There was something furtive *about* his behaviour and I immediately felt suspicious.

Surreptitious (/ˌsɝː.əpˈtɪʃ.əs/)

From List-9 SECRET (-) done secretly, without anyone seeing or knowing Eg: She seemed to be listening to what I was saying, but I couldn't help noticing her surreptitious glances at the clock. a surreptitious glance

Covert

From List-9 SECRET (-) hidden or secret Eg: The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime (a particular government or a system or method of government)

Stealth

From List-9 SECRET (-) movement that is quiet and careful in order not to be seen or heard, or secret action Eg: These thieves operate with terrifying stealth - they can easily steal from the pockets of unsuspecting travellers.

Oblique

From List-9 SECRET (-) not clear or direct Eg: He made an oblique reference to their relationship.

Clandestine

From List-9 SECRET (-) planned or done in secret, especially describing something that is not officially allowed = ngam, bi mat Eg: He has been having a clandestine affair with his secretary for three years. The group held weekly clandestine meetings in a church. She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA.

Skulk /skʌlk/ I + adj/adv

From List-9 SECRET (-) to hide or move around as if trying not to be seen, usually with bad intentions Eg: I thought I saw someone skulking in the bushes - maybe we should call the police.

Sly (/slaɪ/)

From List-9 SECRET (-) 1. seeming to know secrets; secret = bi hiem, bi an Eg: "You'll find out eventually," said Mary, with a sly smile. 2. deceiving people in a clever way in order to get what you want = cunning He's a sly old devil - I wouldn't trust him with my money. as sly as a fox

X Overt

From List-9 SECRET (-) = cong khai, ko up mo = open done or shown publicly or in an obvious way and not secret: Eg: overt criticism overt/open racism

Pre-empt

From List-9 TAKE AWAY FORCEFULLY to acquire or appropriate before someone else Eg: The political issue pre-empted by opposition party.

Divest

From List-9 TAKE AWAY FORCEFULLY to sell something, especially a business or a part of a business Eg: The company is divesting its less profitable business operations.

Expropriate (/ɪkˈsproʊ.pri.eɪt/) (v)

From List-9 TAKE AWAY FORCEFULLY to take and keep money or property belonging to someone else Eg: He was discovered to have been expropriating company funds.

Usurp /juːˈsɝːp/ /juːˈzɝːp/ (T)

From List-9 TAKE AWAY FORCEFULLY to take control of a position of power, especially without having the right to = chiem doat, tuoc doat Eg: *Local control* is being *usurped* by central government. Some senators fear the organization will usurp *congressional power*.

Appropriate (v)

From List-9 TAKE AWAY FORCEFULLY to take something for your own use, usually without permission Eg: He lost his job when he was found to have appropriated some of the company's money.

Grate

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY When a noise or behaviour grates, it annoys you Eg: It's the way she's always talking about herself - it just grates on me.

Vex (T)

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY to cause difficulty to someone, or to cause someone to feel angry, annoyed, or upset = annoy, irritate, upset Eg: The question that vexes Ben the most is, "Why me?"

Nag

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY to criticize or complain often in an annoying way = chi chiet, ray la, can nhan Eg: . My mum's always *nagging me to get* my hair cut. If you stop *nagging at* me, I might actually do it. I'm always *nagging him about* his diet.

Infuriate

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY to make someone extremely angry Eg: His sexist attitude infuriates me.

Harangue

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY to speak to someone or a group of people, often for a long time, in a forceful and sometimes angry way, esp. to persuade them or to express disapproval Eg: He harangued the class for half an hour about not paying attention.

Exasperate /ɪɡˈzæs.pə.reɪt/ T

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY = infuriate to cause anger or extreme annoyance in someone Eg: His assistant's carelessness is exasperating him.

Disgruntled (/dɪsˈɡrʌn.t̬əld/) (a)

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY unhappy, annoyed, and disappointed about something Eg: The players were disgruntled with the umpire.

Deliberate

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY (often of something bad) intentional or planned Eg: We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while.

Mull

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY Think about (a fact, proposal, or request) deeply and at length. Eg: I need some time to mull over it before making decision.

Pensive

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY thinking in a quiet way, often with a serious expression on your face Eg: Rainy days often put her in a pensive mood.

Introspect

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY to examine and consider your own ideas, thoughts, and feelings Eg: Sometimes we need to introspect about our own motives.

Contemplate

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY to spend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way Eg: I'm contemplating going abroad for a year.

Cogitate (/ˈkɑːdʒɪteɪt/)

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY to spend time thinking very carefully about a subject + about/ on sth = contemplate on = ponder (on/ over) sth = mull over = meditate on = ruminate about/ over = muse about/ on Eg: No matter how hard you study, ponder or cogitate, some things are just a mystery.

Muse

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY to think about something carefully and for a long time Eg: I began to muse about/on the possibility of starting my own business.

Ponder

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY to think carefully about something, especially for a noticeable length of time Eg: She sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game.

Ruminate + over/ about/ on

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY to think carefully and for a long period about something Eg: She ruminated for weeks about whether to tell him or not.

Reflect

From List-9 TO THINK DEEPLY to think carefully, especially about possibilities and opinions: Eg: The manager demanded time to reflect (on what to do).

Parry /ˈper.i/

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE 1. ne tranh, do, gat. to defend yourself from *a weapon* or *an attack* by *pushing the weapon away* or by *putting something between your body and the weapon* 2. avoid (questions) Predictably the president parried enquiries about the arms scandal.

Deflect

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE The prime minister deflected mounting criticism today by announcing tax cuts. The ball deflected off my shoulder, straight into the goal. The crowd cheered as the goalkeeper deflected the shot. He deflected the ball away from the goal.

X Head-on (a and adv) /ˌhedˈɑːn/

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE We should have sat down and addressed the issues head-on. The head-on collision left three people dead. The car crossed the road and hit a truck head-on.

Skirt [ T, I + prep ]

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE skirt (around) sth The government has been accused of skirting round the issue of torture. He carefully skirted the issue of where they would live.

Evade /ɪˈveɪd/ (v) Evasive /ɪˈveɪ.sɪv/ (a)

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE to *avoid* or escape from someone or something: The police have assured the public that the escaped prisoners will not *evade recapture* for long. She leaned forward to kiss him but *he evaded her* by pretending to sneeze. An Olympic *gold medal* is the only thing that has *evaded her* in her remarkable career. He can't *evade doing* military service forever. He was convicted of *evading taxes*. --> evasive (/ɪˈveɪ.sɪv/): tra loi map mo The Minister was her usual evasive self, skilfully dodging reporters' questions about her possible resignation.

Shirk (I or T) /ʃɝːk/

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE to avoid work, duties, or responsibilities, especially if they are difficult or unpleasant: If you *shirk your responsibilities/duties* now, the situation will be much harder to deal with next month. I will not *shirk from* my obligations.

Gauche

From: List-1 AWKWARD / CLUMSY

Gawky

From: List-1 AWKWARD / CLUMSY

Ungainly

From: List-1 AWKWARD / CLUMSY

Feckless

From: List-1 AWKWARD / CLUMSY ineffective or incapable Eg: She had become feckless because of illness.

Sanguine

From: List-1 OPTIMISITS

Buoyant (/ˈbɔɪ.ənt/)

From: List-1 OPTIMISITS happy and confident: After reading the letter he was in a buoyant mood. able to float. Cork is light and buoyant.

Ominous (/ˈɑː.mə.nəs/)

Giving the worrying impression that something bad is going to happen; threateningly inauspicious. = inauspicious >< auspicious/ propitious (/prəˈpɪʃ.əs/) Eg: there were ominous dark clouds gathering overhead There was an *ominous silence* when I asked whether my contract was going to be renewed. The engine had been making an ominous sound all the way from my parents' house. ominous dark clouds

Culminate

If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point; to have as a result or be the final result of a process Eg: Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease.

Disposed

Inclined or willing. Eg: James didn't seem disposed to take the hint.

far (adv)

Is your home far (away)? Do you live far (from here)? How far is it to your house from here? How far is it from Australia to New Zealand? How far is New York to LA? How far is your home? How far do you live from here? How much further is it? Answer: I live 4 miles from here. I don't live far from here. My place is 4 miles away.

Affluent

List-5 WEALTHY having a lot of money or possessions; rich Eg: We live in an affluent neighbourhood.

Opulent /ˈɑː.pjə.lənt/ (a)

List-5 WEALTHY = sang trong, giau sang, hao nhoang expensive and luxurious: = *deluxe* /dɪˈlʌks/ = *luxurious* = *sumptuous* /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/ Eg: He lived an opulent lifestyle that included sports cars and enormous homes. a deluxe hotel in Paris

Enrage

Make (someone) very angry. Eg: Plans to build a new nightclub in the neighbourhood have enraged local residents.

Agile (ˈædʒ.əl/)

QUICK (mentally or physically) Eg: His vague manner concealed(Kept secret or hidden) an agile mind. Monkeys are very agile climbers. You need to have agile fingers to do this kind of work.

Nimble /ˈnɪm.bəl/

Quick and exact in movement or thoughts; agile. = nhanh nhen (chan tay, dau oc) = thoan thoat (chan tay) Eg: with a deft motion of her nimble fingers *nimble fingers/feet* His nimble mind calculated the answer before I could key the numbers into my computer.

Smoulder /ˈsmoʊl.dɚ/

Show or feel barely suppressed anger, hatred, or another powerful emotion = kim nen, bi kim nen, don nen Eg: She was smouldering with rage as she explained how her son had been killed. *smoulder (with something)* His eyes smouldered with anger. *smoulder (in something)* Anger smouldered in his eyes.

Indispensable

Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her Eg: His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.

Peripheral

Something that is peripheral is not as important as something else Eg: If we focus too much on peripheral issues, we will lose sight of the goal.

Drawl

Speak in a slow, lazy way with prolonged vowel sounds. /drɑːl/ Eg: Then he looked at the newspaper and drawled loudly 'News is news honey!'

resurgence (/rɪˈsɝː.dʒəns/) (S or U)

The creation of independent states has led to *a resurgence of* nationalism. *resurgence in* demand/popularity/interest = revival (C or U)

*comport* (v) (WITH sth)

The findings of this research do not comport with accepted theory. If an idea or statement, etc. comports, it matches or is similar to something else:

Salient

The salient facts about something or qualities of something are the most important things about them Eg: She began to summarize the salient features/points of the proposal.

Intertwined

Twist or twine together; with object Connect or link (two or more things) closely. Eg: As with most traditions, fact and fiction have become inextricably (in a way that is impossible to separate) intertwined

Unsightly

Unpleasant to look at; ugly. an unsightly rubbish tip

Irate /aɪˈreɪt/ (a)

Very angry = furious We have received some irate phone calls from customers.

+ taxi

We *took a taxi* to the airport. to *take/ call/hail/catch/get* a taxi *by taxi* I came home by taxi. a taxi driver a taxi ride/service

flimsy (a) (/ˈflɪm.zi/)

You won't be warm enough in that flimsy dress. We spent the night in a flimsy wooden hut. a flimsy cardboard box = thin

canard (/kəˈnɑːrd/) (/ˈkæn.ɑːd/)

a false report or piece of information that is intended to deceive people

Interminable

continuing for too long and therefore boring or annoying Eg: his interminable stories

Relentless

continuing in a severe or extreme way; continuing in a determined way without any interruption Eg: Her relentless optimism held the team together.

Inexorable

continuing without any possibility of being stopped Eg: Aging is an inexorable process.

overbearing (a) Xirt is overbearing. She always wants to control me and underestimate my actions and opinions

domineering (expect others to do what you want them to) = imperious ( expect to be obeyed)

Elated (/iˈleɪ.t̬ɪd/)

extremely happy and excited, often because something has happened or been achieved Eg: He was elated by the news that he had won a full scholarship. The prince was reported to *be elated at/by* the birth of his daughter.

Jubilant (/ˈdʒuː.bəl.ənt/) (Adj), Jubilance (Noun)

feeling or expressing great happiness, especially because of a success Eg: The fans were jubilant at/about/over their team's victory.

Commonplace

happening often or often seen or experienced and so not considered to be special Eg: Computers are now commonplace in primary classrooms.

Sporadic

happening sometimes; not regular or continuous Eg: a sporadic electricity supply

Spasmodic /spæzˈmɑː.dɪk/

happening suddenly for short periods of time and not in a regular way = lac dac Eg: He made spasmodic attempts to clean up the house.

Gaiety

happiness and excitement Eg: All my cousins and aunts and uncles got together in my grandfather's house and we all spent this day together with traditional gaiety and tons of happiness.

Toil

hard work, especially work that makes you feel physically tired Eg: farm workers have been toiling in the 100-degree heat over the past week.

odium (/ˈoʊ.di.əm/)

hate and strong disapproval

Dynamic

having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm Eg: She's young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team.

Adept

having a natural ability to do something that needs skill Eg: She's very adept at dealing with the media.

Rabid /ˈræb.ɪd/

having and expressing extreme and unreasonable feelings Eg: The fans became rabid when their team lost the match.

Lethargic

having little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anything Eg: The big meal always makes me lethargic and sleepy.

Evanescent (/ˌev.əˈnes.ənt/)

lasting for only a short time, then disappearing quickly and being forgotten Eg: An evanescent bubble.

Transient

lasting for only a short time; temporary Eg: A glass of whisky has only a transient warming effect.

Incessant

never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way Eg: She talked incessantly about the most trivial things. incessant rain/noise/complaints

Torpid (A) /ˈtɔːr.pɪd// Torpor (UN) /ˈtɔːr.pɚ/

not active; moving or thinking slowly, especially as a result of being lazy or feeling that you want to sleep Eg: If you have a sudden loss of cabin pressure at 20,000 feet, passengers will become torpid and then lose consciousness.

Obscure

not known to many people Eg: an obscure island in the Pacific not clear and difficult to understand or see Eg: We went to see one of Shakespeare's more obscure plays.

Facetious /fəˈsiː.ʃəs/ (a)

not serious about a serious subject, in an attempt to be funny or to appear clever = joking Eg: I make so much money that we never have to worry - I'm being facetious.

Involved

not simple and therefore difficult to understand; complicated and difficult to understand Eg: It's an involved process with hours of testing.

Ineffectual

not skilled at achieving, or not able to produce, good results Eg: The teachers were ineffectual at maintaining discipline.

X Inept

not skilled or effective = incompetent Eg: He was always rather *inept at sport*. an *inept comment/remark* He was criticized for his *inept handling* of the situation. Dick was socially inept and uncomfortable in the presence of women.

Forecast

predict or estimate (a future event or trend), a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation, or the expected weather conditions Eg: Oil prices are forecast to increase by less than two percent this year.

Rapturous

showing extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement Eg: The play was greeted with rapturous applause.

Lackadasical

showing little enthusiasm and effort Eg: The food was nice enough but the service was somewhat lackadaisical.

Prescience /ˈpres.i.əns/

the fact of knowing something in advance; foreknowledge. Eg: with extraordinary prescience, Jung actually predicted the Nazi eruption the prescience of her remarks He can claim an uncanny prescience in his career moves.

Placate

to stop someone from feeling angry Eg: Outraged minority groups will not be placated by promises of future improvements.

Cease I or T /siːs/

to stop something Eg: The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year. Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen. [ + to infinitive ] Workplace nurseries will *cease to* be liable for tax.

Temper

to succeed in staying calm and not becoming angry Eg: I found it hard to keep my temper with so many things going wrong.

Babble

to talk or say something in a quick, confused, excited, or silly way Eg: The children babbled excitedly among themselves.

Prate

to talk stupidly, or about things that are not important, for a long time Eg: I heard him prate on for at least an hour and a half

Despondent

unhappy and with no hope or enthusiasm Eg: She started to feel despondent about ever finding a job.

Dejected

unhappy, disappointed, or without hope Eg: She looked a bit dejected when they told her she didn't get the job.

Vile /vaɪl/ (a)

unpleasant, immoral, and unacceptable He's *in a vile mood/temper* today. This *vile policy of* ethnic cleansing must be stopped. the mass expulsion or killing of members of one ethnic or religious group in an area by those of another.

sesquipedalian (/ˌsɛskwɪpɪˈdeɪlɪən/)

very long (words) or like using long words (ppl)

Adroit

very skilful and quick in the way you think or move, an adroit reaction/answer/movement of the hand = deft Eg: I want to become an adroit guitarist. an adroit reaction/answer/movement of the hand She became adroit at dealing with difficult questions.

Convoluted

very twisted; Convoluted sentences, explanations, arguments, etc. are unreasonably long and difficult to understand Eg: Her book is full of long, convoluted sentences.

Spare

From List-5 VERY LESS (-)

Exuberant

(especially of people and their behaviour) very energetic Eg: She gave an exuberant performance.

Frisky (/ˈfrɪs.ki/) (a)

(of a person or an animal) playful or very active Eg: The kids became frisky after we gave them balloons and candies. It's a beautiful horse but a bit too frisky for an inexperienced rider.

Limber

(of a person) able to bend and move easily and smoothly Eg: His muscles are limber that is why he is in gymnastics.

Jovial (/ˈdʒoʊ.vi.əl/)

(of a person) happy enjoyable, pleasant (situation) Eg: Of course it will be delivered with a jovial smile and a pat on the back. a jovial time/evening/chat

Trite

(of a remark or idea) lacking originality or freshness; dull on account of overuse Eg: Trite phrases in his letter did not amuse (to entertain someone, especially by humorous speech or action or by making them laugh or smile) his girlfriend

Circuitous (/sɝːˈkjuː.ə.t̬əs/)

(of a route or journey) longer than the most direct way. Eg: He took us on a circuitous route to the hotel. a circuitous route/path a circuitous (= long and indirect) explanation

Futile

(of actions) having no effect or achieving nothing Eg: It's completely futile trying to reason with him - he just won't listen.

plangent /ˈplæn.dʒənt/

(of sounds) sad the plangent tones of the baritone sax

deposition (/ˌdep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/)

1. (C) loi khai duoc viet ra va dc dung truoc toa (similar to testimony) Before the court case, we had to *file/give a deposition*. Our lawyer took a deposition from us. a sworn deposition 2. (U) removal of sb's powerful position Crowds celebrated the dictator's deposition. 3. (U) the formation of a layer of a substance such as soil or rock, or the substance that forms the layer

Cerebral /səˈriːbrəl/, /ˈserəbrəl/

1. intellectual = tri tue, doi hoi su suy nghi, tu duy, tri oc (game) demanding or involving careful thinking and mental effort rather than feelings, Intellectual rather than emotional or physical. Eg: She makes cerebral films that deal with important social issues. Chess is cerebral; video games are visceral. 2. relating to the brain

weary

1. tired I think he's a little weary after his long journey. Here, sit down and rest your weary legs. 2. sick and tired of sth, bored with sth b/c you have experienced too much of it I've been going out with the same people to the same places for years and I've just grown weary of it.

inconsonance

= difference

Astonish

From List-3 SURPRISE/ CONFUSE

Dilettante

From List-10 BEGINNER/ INEXPERIENCED a person who is or seems to be interested in a subject, but whose understanding of it is not very deep or serious; a person who takes up an activity, especially in a superficial way Eg: He's a bit of a dilettante as far as wine is concerned.

Novice

From List-10 BEGINNER/ INEXPERIENCED a person who is not experienced in a job or situation Eg: I've never driven a car before - I'm a complete novice.

Malign (məˈlaɪn/)

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME causing or intending to cause harm or evil'; to say things about someone or something that are harmful and usually not true = evil = malicious = maleficent Eg: She describes pornography as "a malign industry". Foreign domination had a malign influence on local politics.

Defame

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME to damage the reputation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them that are not true Eg: The newspaper denies any intention to defame the senator's reputation.

Slur

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME to pronounce the sounds of a word in a way that is wrong or not clear Eg: Her speech was slurred but she still denied she was drunk. to harm someone's reputation by criticizing them Eg: Her letter contained several outrageous slurs against/on her former colleagues.

Vilify

From List-10 ACCUSE/ DEFAME to say or write unpleasant things about someone or something, in order to cause other people to have a bad opinion of them Eg: He was vilified by the press as a monster.

Alacrity (əˈlæk.rə.t̬i/)

From List-12 TO DO HAPPILY (+) speed and eagerness Eg: She accepted the money with alacrity. (hon ho)

Undercut

From List-12 WEAKEN to make somebody/something weaker or less likely to be effective Eg: Some members of the board were trying to undercut the chairman's authority. to sell goods or provide a service for a lower price than someone else: Eg: Large supermarkets undercut corner shops and put them out of business.

Undermine

From List-12 WEAKEN to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually: Eg: The president has accused two cabinet members of working secretly to undermine his position/him. Criticism just undermines their confidence.

X Undergird /ˌʌn.dɚˈɡɜ˞ːd/

From List-12 WEAKEN = underpin to support something by forming a strong base for it: Eg: These are the four major *theories that undergird* criminal law. Falling unemployment was likely to underpin consumer confidence. These new products are part of a line-up that will underpin the company's recovery.

Spectacular

From List-13 ATTRACTIVE/ DECORATIVE exciting and interesting because of being large or extreme: a spectacular sunset Eg: He scored a spectacular goal in the second half.

Resplendent /rɪˈsplen.dənt/

From List-13 ATTRACTIVE/ DECORATIVE having a very bright or beautiful appearance = gorgeous, glorious, splendid Eg: the queen's resplendent purple robes I saw Anna at the other end of the room, resplendent in a red cocktail dress. Mary looked resplendent in her royal blue velvet prom dress.

Reprehensible

From List-13 BLAMEWORTHY/ GUILTY If someone's behaviour is reprehensible, it is extremely bad or unacceptable: = deplorable Eg: reprehensible conduct/actions His conduct was thoroughly reprehensible. Tip: raping a hen is disgraceful n blameworthy act

Culpable

From List-13 BLAMEWORTHY/ GUILTY deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad: Eg: The landowner could be proved culpable for starting the fire. He was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened. Tip: culp( culprit)...so a culprit is always DESERVING OF BLAME FROM EVERYONE.

X Reprieve (/rɪˈpriːv/) (CN)

From List-13 FREE FROM BLAME an official order that stops or delays the punishment, especially by death, of a prisoner: Eg: He was sentenced to death but was granted a last-minute reprieve. ​ an *escape* from a bad situation or experience: Eg: The injection provided a temporary *reprieve from* the pain. I create an imaginary world because it provides me with a reprieve from the sad, lonely and messy present and possibly future. Tip: sounds like relieve and means the same

* Vindicate

From List-13 FREE FROM BLAME to prove that what someone said or did was right or true, after other people thought it was wrong; or prove that sb is innocent Eg: The decision to include Morris in the team was completely vindicated when he scored two goals. The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper. There was not enough evidence against him, so the court vindicated him. They said they welcomed the trial as a chance to vindicate themselves. Tip: vidicate....split it like vin(WIN) + di(the) + cate(case)....so when you win a case IN a COURT...it means you are freed FROM ACCUSATION AND CHARGES...you are freed from blame.

Absolve /əbˈzɑːlv/

From List-13 FREE FROM BLAME + sb from/of sth (especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something: Eg: The report absolved her from/of all blame for the accident. The priest absolved him (of all his sins). He was absolved of all wrongdoing. Tip: ab -solve, so you solved a dispute between you and your friend , how did you solve it by forgiving and pardoning him/her .

Acquit (T) /əˈkwɪt/

From List-13 FREE FROM BLAME 1. to decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime: Eg: She was acquitted of all the charges against her. Five months ago he was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 2. +oneself. to do better than expected in a difficult situation: Eg: I thought that he acquitted himself admirably in today's meeting. She acquitted herself well, finishing second. Tip: AC(accused)+QUIT.....when you are under any kind of criminal charge and the court quits the charge, it means that you are free from a criminal charge by a verdict of not guilty...hence acquit

Exonerate sb FROM sth /ɪɡˈzɑː.nɚ.eɪt/

From List-13 FREE FROM BLAME = acquit sb OF sth to show or state that someone or something is not guilty of something: Eg: The report exonerated the crew from all responsibility for the collision. The police report exonerated Lewis from all charges of corruption. Tip: Ex - honourate get back your honour by getting yourself free from the charges.

Exculpate /ˈek.skəl.peɪt/ (T)

From List-13 FREE FROM BLAME = exculpate sb/ oneself FROM sth = exonerate sb from sth to remove blame from someone: Justin Foley must provide evidence to exculpate himself from the death of Hannah Baker. Eg: The pilot of the aircraft will surely be exculpated when all the facts are known. The defendant was able to exculpate himself from liability. Tip: exculpate sounds like ex-culprit = culprit... = make sb no longer a culprit

Condemn /kənˈdem/ (2 meanings)

From List-13 PUNISH 1. punish sb to (do) sth Eg: To condemn a murderer to life imprisonment. Illness condemned her to spend her remaining days in a home. She was condemned to death and executed two weeks later. 2. criticize (usually for moral reasons) The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism (/ˈbɑːr.bɚ.ɪ.zəm/ cruel beh) and cowardice (/ˈkaʊ.ɚ.dɪs/ nhat gan) . The film was condemned for its sexism.

X Amnesty (/ˈæm.nə.sti/)

From List-13 PUNISH a decision by a government to forgive people who have committed particular illegal acts or crimes, and not to punish them: (C/U) A fixed period of time during which people are not punished for committing a particular crime (C usually singular) Eg: The state has declared an amnesty for individuals who pay their outstanding back taxes. People who hand in illegal weapons will not be prosecuted during the amnesty. a decision by a government that allows political prisoners to go free: (C/U) Eg: Most political prisoners were freed under the terms of the amnesty. Eg: am-nesty-> similar to "i am nasty" but still my parents generally pardon my mistakes

Sentence

From List-13 PUNISH a punishment given by a judge in court to a person or organization after they have been found guilty of doing something wrong: Eg: He got a heavy/light sentence (= he was severely/not severely punished). The offence carries a jail/prison/life/five-year sentence. He was given a non-custodial/suspended sentence.

Prosaic /prəˈzeɪ.ɪk/ (a)

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING = ordinary, pedestrian, boring, uninteresting, simple ordinary and not especially interesting or unusual: Eg: Only a few *prosaic tables* and chairs remained by the time we got to the auction. He asked if I'd got my black eye in a fight - I told him the *prosaic truth* that I'd banged my head on a door. Tip: mosaic--->beautiful artistic work with full of vibrant colours.....prosaic ...opposite of that ...dull

Immure /ɪˈmjʊr/ T

From List-13 PUNISH imprison = incarcerate Eg: At the age of 86, he was immured for treason. = incarcerate/ trap. to put and keep someone inside something such as a prison or tomb Eg: The aristocracy chose to immure its dead in church vaults or specially constructed mausoleums. The false uncle sealed the mouth of the underground chamber and immured Aladdin in the darkness. to keep someone or something within certain limits and prevent them or it from developing freely: Constantly imitating past masters does not take cooking any further forward - it immures it in history.

Convict

From List-13 PUNISH to decide officially in a law court that someone is guilty of a crime: Eg: He has twice been convicted of robbery/arson.

X Condone

From List-13 PUNISH to ignore or accept behavior that some people consider wrong: Eg: I don't condone such rude behavior. The college cannot condone any behavior that involves illicit drugs. Tip: if u use condom u will be forgiven by health and family welfare department

Incarcerate

From List-13 PUNISH to put or keep someone in prison or in a place used as a prison: Eg: Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or incarcerated. ​ to keep someone in a closed place and prevent them from leaving it: Eg: We were incarcerated in that broken elevator for four hours.

Insipid

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING not having a strong taste or character, or having no interest or energy: Eg: a pale insipid wine He's an insipid old bore. Tip: in+sip+id(it) in-'not, -ve prefix', so when you do not sip it, i.e a juice ,then it means the juice lacks flavor.

Austere /ɑːˈstɪr/

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING 1. binh di, don so, dam bac very simple, with only the things that are absolutely necessary, especially because of severe limits on money or goods. an austere childhood during the war Eg: Despite their wealth, they lead an austere life. 2. plain and without decoration, comforts, or anything extra = plain = stark = severe The courtroom was a large, dark chamber, an austere place. 3. very severe and unfriendly in manner: He was a tall, austere, forbidding figure.

Vapid /ˈvæp.ɪd/ a

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING = boring = mo nhat, nhat nheo, te nhat showing no intelligence or imagination: Eg: a vapid reality TV show He's attractive, but vapid. The vapid conversation bored her. Tip: Vapid is not Rapid and hence dull.....

Ascetic /əˈset̬.ɪk/

From List-13 SIMPLE/ PLAIN/ BORING = don so, gian di without comforts or luxuries Eg: His policies had failed, but people admired his sincerity and his ascetic life. Heaven knows if they survive the ascetic kind of life.

Indict /ɪnˈdaɪt/

From List-13 TO BLAME/ ACCUSE/ CHARGE If a law court or a grand jury indicts someone, it accuses them officially of a crime: = convict sb of sth Eg: He was *indicted on* drug *charges* at Snaresbrook Crown Court. Five people were *indicted for* mak*ing* and sell*ing* counterfeit currency. Robbery is an indictable offence. Tip: sorry for the bad language :( but will make you learn the word : if you push your dick in a girl without her permission she will accuse you of rape

Incriminate /ɪnˈkrɪm.ə.neɪt/

From List-13 TO BLAME/ ACCUSE/ CHARGE to make someone seem guilty, especially of a crime: Eg: A secret report incriminating the company was leaked last week. He refused to say anything on the grounds that he might incriminate himself. His testimony incriminated his friend.

Allege /əˈledʒ/ / allegation (/ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/)

From List-13 TO BLAME/ ACCUSE/ CHARGE to say that someone has done something illegal or wrong without giving proof: [ + (that) ] The two men *allege (that)* the police forced them to make false confessions. [+ to infinitive] She *is alleged to* have been at the centre of an international drug ring. [ + that ] *It was alleged that* Johnson had struck Mr Rahim on the head. Several of her patients have made *allegations of* professional misconduct *about/against* her.

Implicate

From List-13 TO BLAME/ ACCUSE/ CHARGE to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened: Eg: Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery?

Impute /ɪmˈpjuːt/ (T)

From List-13 TO BLAME/ ACCUSE/ CHARGE 1. blame sb for sth = blame sth on sb to attribute (something dishonorable, esp a criminal offense) to a person; to say that someone is responsible for something that has happened, especially something bad, or that something is the cause of something else: Eg: The murder was imputed to the owner of the bar. 2. = estimate = to calculate something when you do not have exact information, by comparing it to something similar: Eg: imputed costs/data/income The Treasury imputes a notional income from such interest-free loans of 8% a year. Tip: im(put)e... put the blame to somebody

* Recrimination(s) (U)

From List-13 TO BLAME/ ACCUSE/ CHARGE arguments between people who are blaming each other: Western leaders, instead of presenting a coherent policy, have repeatedly lapsed into finger-pointing and recrimination. TIP; remember reincrimination

Dilatory

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time

Dilly Dally

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time

Laggard

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time

Linger

From List-1: Be Slow/Waste Time

X Conventional

From List-2 REBELLIOUS/ UNCONVENTIONAL Eg: She is a young woman who enjoys going against conventions.

Tiff

From List-3 ARGUE/ FIGHT a slight argument Eg: Have you two had a lovers' tiff?

Exorbitant

From List-5 VERY HIGH PRICE (-) prices, demands, etc. are much too large Eg: The bill for dinner was exorbitant.

Questionable

From List-8 DOUBTFUL doubtful or subject to question Eg: Their conclusion is highly questionable.

Veneer /vəˈnɪr/

From List-9 HIDE/ COVER/ DISGUISE: Something that hides something unpleasant or unwanted: Eg: She managed to hide her corrupt dealings under a veneer of respectability.

Seamy

From List-9 OFFENSIVE/ LUSTY = sketchy, bad, ugly (of a situation) unpleasant because of a connection with dishonest behaviour, violence, and illegal sex: Eg: The film vividly portrays the seamy side of life in London in the early 1970s.

Pique (v/un) in a ... of pique

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY a feeling of anger, especially caused by someone damaging your feeling of being proud of yourself Eg: He was piqued when he realized no one was listening to him. The scientists were piqued because science and hard work made their colleague wealthy. She felt piqued at being excluded from the meeting. He stormed from the room *in a fit of pique*, shouting that he had been misunderstood. Labor law piqued his interest in law school. (= excite/ cause interest)

Indignation (U) /ˌɪn.dɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY anger about a situation that you think is wrong or not fair = outrage Eg: The increase in plane fares aroused public indignation.

Miffed /mɪft/

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY annoyed at someone's behaviour towards you Eg: She's a little miffed that we're not taking her with us. She hadn't called for a week and I was getting miffed.

Irksome

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY annoying Eg: The vibration can become irksome after a while.

Peeve

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY to annoy someone Eg: When a baby starts crying while you watching a movie, it peeves the audience.

Heckle

From List-9 TO IRRITATE/ MEKE ANGRY to interrupt a public speech or performance with loud, unfriendly statements or questions Eg: He was heckled throughout the speech.

Avert

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE

Elude

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE

Quibble

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE

Dodge

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE to avoid being hit by something by moving quickly to one side Eg: He dodged to avoid the hurtling bicycle.

Circumvent 1. Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations. 2. Young people still want to circumvent their parents' control motorists attempting to circumvent traffic jams

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE 1. avoid 2. avoid sth by going around it

Swerve

From: List-1 AVOID/DODGE 1. deflect (I). The bus driver swerved to avoid hitting a cyclist. 2. avoid + FROM sth = lam/ nghi khac voi. She is one of those rare politicians whom one can trust not to swerve from policy and principle.

Clumsy

From: List-1 AWKWARD / CLUMSY

Fumble

From: List-1 AWKWARD / CLUMSY

Glower /ˈɡlaʊ.ɚ/ I

Have an angry or sullen(bad-tempered or depressed) look on one's face; scowl, to look very angry, annoyed, or threatening. = glare at sb = frown at sb Eg: There's no point glowering at me like that - you know the rules.

Erudite

Having or showing great knowledge or learning, having or containing a lot of knowledge that is known by very few people Eg: Ken could turn any conversation into an erudite discussion

take/ get + means of transport

I always *take the train* - it's less hassle than a car. She took the 10.30 *flight* to Edinburgh. If you take the *road* on the left, you'll come to the post office. We took a bus to Mexico City. From Heathrow, you can take a taxi. I took the 6.30 train to Manchester. Why don't you take the train to Paris? We took a flight to Denver. take the coast road. to take a cab/plane Get a train to Newport and then get a bus from the station. He got *the next plane* home. I ran all the way to the station and just managed to *get my train*. I'll try and get a *flight* home tomorrow. You won't be able to *get a plane* there—there's no airport. We're going to be late—let's get a taxi. I usually get the bus to work.

Meander /miˈæn.dɚ/

If a river, stream, or road meanders, it follows a route that is not straight or direct, to walk slowly without any clear direction = uon luon, quanh co (vat) = di long vong (nguoi) Eg: We spent the afternoon meandering around the streets of the old town. If a river, stream, or road meanders, it follows a route that is not straight or direct.

Derivative /dɪˈrɪv.ə.t̬ɪv/ (a) (disapproving)

If something is derivative, it is not the result of new ideas, but has been developed from or copies something else Eg: His painting/style is very derivative.

Allay

If you allay a strong emotion felt by someone, such as fear or worry, you cause them to feel it less or to feel calm again; to make a negative emotion less strong or a problem less difficult: Eg: The government is trying to allay public fears/concern about the spread of the disease.

Fitfully /ˈfɪt·fəl/

Not regularly or continuously; intermittently. = going on and off irregularly Eg: he slept fitfully

Egregious

Outstandingly bad; shocking. Eg: There are several prime ministers in the past who have committed far more egregious offences.

Prognosis C /prɑːɡˈnoʊ.sɪs/

PREDICTION a doctor's judgment of the likely or expected, development of a disease or of the chances of getting better Eg: The prognosis after the operation was for a full recovery. The doctor's prognosis for Xirt is that she is a toxic snake and is going to die of cancer soon. a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation Eg: I was reading a gloomy(dark or poor) economic prognosis in the paper this morning. = prediction C/U = forecast C

Forbode

PREDICTION a feeling that something very bad is going to happen soon Eg: He had a strange foreboding (that) something would go wrong.

Foreshadow

PREDICTION to act as a warning or sign of a future event Eg: His sudden death had been foreshadowed by earlier health scares.

Portend

PREDICTION to be a sign that something bad is likely to happen in the future. Eg: It was a deeply superstitious country, where earthquakes were commonly believed to portend the end of dynasties.

Melancholy

Sad Eg: There is a deep melancholy in his black and white photography.

invidious (/ɪnˈvɪd.i.əs)

Such a difficult choice placed her in an invidious position. = upsetting, frustrating likely to cause unhappiness or be unpleasant, especially because it is unfair:

Penchant

a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like. Eg: Her penchant for disappearing for days at a time worries her family.

Cringe

To cringe is also to pull back in fear from someone or something that seems powerful and dangerous Eg: He cringes every time he hears the dentist's drill.

Pretense

a way of behaving that is intended to deceive people Eg: Money was collected under false pretenses (= by deceiving people).

heinous (a) (/ˈheɪ.nəs/)

Very bad and shocking Eg: a heinous crime

Affinity

a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics, a close similarity between two things; natural liking. Eg: - She seems to have a natural affinity for/with water.

*panoply (/ˈpæn.ə.pli/) (S)*

a wide range or collection of different things: There is a whole panoply of remedies and drugs available to the modern doctor.

frieze (CN) /friz/

a narrow strip of decoration, often cut from stone or wood and usually placed at the top of a wall

Aptitude (C or U)

a natural ability or skill Eg: My son has no/little aptitude for sport.

Bent

a natural skill Eg: She has a scientific bent/a bent for science.

regency (/ˈriː.dʒən.si/)

a period of time when a country is ruled by a regent

Anamoly

a person or thing that is different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not satisfactory Eg: The government does computer checks of tax returns to find anomalies that might indicate fraud.

Pedestrian

a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go Eg: The death rate for pedestrians hit by cars is unacceptably high. not interesting; showing very little imagination Eg: His speech was long and pedestrian. Her books, with few exceptions, are workmanlike but pedestrian.

Pundit

a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is therefore often asked to give an opinion about it Eg: Political pundits in the United States predicted a historic win for Barack Obama in the 2008 US Elections.

a regent (/ˈriː.dʒənt/) (CN)

a person who rules a country for a limited period, because the king or queen is absent or too young, too ill, etc.

conduit (CN)

a person, an organization or a country that is used to pass things or information to other people or places The organization had acted as a *conduit for* money from the arms industry. There is growth in sales to Hong Kong, the conduit for Taiwan's exports to China. a pipe or passage for water or electrical wires to go through

Cliche (C or U) --> cliched (a)

a saying or remark that is very often made and is therefore not original and not interesting My wedding day - and I know it's a cliché - was just the happiest day of my life. The story is shamelessly corny, and grownups will groan at its clichés. He made some clichéd remark. It might sound clichéd, but knowing that you're doing something worthwhile makes a big difference.

Ecstasy

a state of extreme happiness, especially when feeling pleasure Eg: We shared a moment of ecstasy as the chocolate melted on our tongues.

premonition

a strong feeling that something is about to happen, especially something unpleasant. Eg: he had a premonition of imminent(about to happen) disaster

vested interest in sth

a strong personal interest in something because you could get an advantage from it As both a teacher and parent, she had a vested interest in seeing the school remain open.

generative (a) (/ˈdʒen.ər.ə.tɪv/) the generative power of the mind Analysts say the business is strongly *cash generative* and has a solid business model.

able to produce or create something:

Forlorn (/fɚˈlɔːrn/)

alone and unhappy; left alone and not cared for Eg: As I left little Bobby on his first day of school, he gave me such a forlorn look. She looked a forlorn figure standing at the bus stop.

Supple (/ˈsʌp.əl/)

bending or able to be bent easily; not stiff. flexible Eg: I'm not supple enough (= my body doesn't bend easily enough) to touch the floor. = adaptable/ flexible She has shown that she has a supple mind. We need a more supple monetary policy.

Woe (plural or U) /woʊ/

big problems or troubles Eg: The country has been *beset by/ with* (= face many difficulties/ problems) economic woes for the past decade. Unusually poor harvests have *added to* the country's woes. extreme sadness Her face was lined and full of woe. Eg: He told me a real *tale of woe* about how he had lost both his job and his house in the same week.

Banal /bəˈnɑːl/

boring, ordinary, and not original; too often used in the past and therefore not interesting = cliched Eg: He just sat there making banal remarks all evening.

measured (a) (measured policies)

careful and controlled, or not fast: =deu dan, nhip nhang, than trong

Diligent

careful and using a lot of effort Eg: Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case.

Sedulous /ˈsedʒ.ə.ləs/ (a)

careful and using a lot of effort = careful Eg: Susan and Robert sedulously (=carefully with determination, effort) avoided all political discussion. It was agreed that the few students sedulous enough to read the book deserved top marks for diligence.

wearisome (/ˈwɪr.i.səm/)

causing a person to be tired and/or bored: Simple repetitive tasks can be very wearisome.

Imperative

extremely important or urgent Eg: It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious.

Uproarious

extremely noisy and confused Eg: an uproarious debate extremely funny Eg: It's a very amusing (entertaining) play with an uproarious final act

Listless

having no energy and enthusiasm and unwilling to do anything needing effort; tired and weak, and lacking energy or interest = lackluster /ˈlækˌlʌs·tər/ similar to lackadaisical (/ˌlæk.əˈdeɪ.zɪ.kəl/, half-hearted, lukewarm, tepid (not interested, enthusiastic, not showing enthusiasm) The food was nice enough but the service was somewhat lackadaisical. Eg: As the tennis match continued in the 90° heat, his play grew listless and he made a number of errors. He's seemed listless and a little depressed ever since he got his exam results.

Humdrum (/ˈhʌm.drʌm/)

having no excitement, interest, or new and different events = ordinary Eg: She liked the movie, but I thought it was humdrum. We lead such a humdrum life/existence. Most of the work is fairly humdrum

Jocund (/ˈdʒɒk.ənd/) (a)

in a happy mood = bouyant Eg: July is one of the most popular jocund, jocose, and jocular months of the year jocose /dʒəˈkəʊs/) = playful, humourous. His jocose manner was unsuitable for such a solemn occasion. jocular (/ˈdʒɒk.jə.lər/) = funny or happy. a jocular comment. Michael was in a very jocular mood at the party.

Arcane (/ɑːrˈkeɪn/)

mysterious and known only by a few people; difficult to understand Eg: Grammatical rules seem arcane to students who were never taught grammar.

Drivel (/ˈdrɪv.əl/) (U)

nonsense or boring and unnecessary information Eg: You don't believe the drivel you read on the internet, do you? You're talking drivel as usual!

free

not being used + seat, desk, bathroom, *objects that you can use*, etc. Excuse me, is this seat free (= is anyone intending to sit in this seat)? You just find a free desk and go work at it. None of the library computers were free. Is the bathroom free? The hospital needs to keep some beds free for emergencies. Let me know when the shower is free. There were no free tables, so we had to share.

vacant /ˈveɪ·kənt/

not filled or lived in or used or occupied; available to be used (free just means not being used does not mean you can use it, vacant means free and u can use it) + bed, room, apartment We have three vacant apartments in our building. The hospital has no vacant beds. + job/position/post The position had *been vacant* for more than a year. *become/be left/fall vacant* Neither post looks likely to fall vacant within the next few months.

Occasional

not happening or done often or regularly Eg: He has the occasional cigar after dinner.

Intermittent

not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between Eg: The patient was having intermittent pains in his chest.

Jaded

not having interest or losing interest because you have experienced something too many times Eg: I felt terribly jaded after working all weekend.

Inconsequential

not important Eg: Changes in the stock market were pretty inconsequential during the past week.

singular (a) (bef noun) (/ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/)

of an unusual quality or standard; noticeable: It was a building of singular grace and beauty. He showed a singular lack of skill in painting. = extraordinary = exceptional = outstanding

nugatory (/ˈnuː.ɡə.tɔːr.i/)

of no value or importance, worthless, negligible

Assiduous /əˈsɪdʒ.u.əs/

showing hard work, care, and attention to detail = diligent = conscientious = hard-working Eg: an assiduous student assiduous research/efforts

Non Sensical

silly or stupid Eg: It's nonsensical to blame all the world's troubles on one man.

Deft (a) (/deft/)

skilful, clever, or quick; done neatly and skilfully Eg: She answered the journalist's questions *with a deft touch*. Her movements were deft and quick. He's very *deft at* handling awkward situations.

Proficient

skilled and experienced Eg: It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it.

Jest (/dʒest/)

something that is said or done in order to be funny; intended as a joke and not said seriously His proposal was no jest - he was completely sincere. Eg: I only said it *in jest* (=intended as a joke) - you're obviously not fat.

celerity (U) /səˈler.ə.t̬i/ Chomsky, attempting to account for the *celerity with which* children grasp the subtle grammatical rules of their native tongues argued that the best explanation is that the human brain has "modules" capable of generating an entire grammar on the basis of a small set of "generative rules."

speed

broadcast (T) (past: broadcast(ed) --> past perfect broadcast(ed)

spread info = disseminate = spread info I'm leaving but please don't broadcast the fact. I don't want this *broadcast to* the entire school.

luscious (/ˈlʌʃ.əs/) (a) luscious ripe figs

sweet, juicy. Not, mong nuoc

expedient (a) (/ɪkˈspiː.di.ənt/) --> expediency It might be expedient not to pay him until the work is finished. The management has taken a series of expedient measures to improve the company's financial situation.

thiet thuc helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptable

Augur

to be a sign of especially good or bad things in the future Eg: The company's sales figures for the first six months augur well for the rest of the year.

Fume /fjuːm/

to be very angry, sometimes without expressing it Eg: I saw her a week after they'd had the argument and she was still fuming. The whole episode left me fuming at the injustice of it all.

cozy up to sb

to be very friendly to someone with the hope of getting an advantage: Opponents say he has a record of cozying up to polluters and accepting their campaign donations.

Deviate (/ˈdi·viˌeɪt/)

to do something that is different from its/ someone's usual or common way of behaving Eg: He never *deviated from* his strict vegetarian diet. We need to know when the bus *deviates from* its scheduled route.

Conciliate /kənˈsɪl.i.eɪt/

to end a disagreement or someone's anger by acting in a friendly way or slightly changing your opinions, or to satisfy someone who disagrees with you by acting in this way = placate (make sb less angry) /ˈpleɪ.keɪt/ = appease (prevent disagreement, war) Eg: An independent adviser has been brought in to *conciliate between* the two sides involved in the conflict. These changes have been made in an attempt to *conciliate critics* of the plan.

Intimidate

to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do Eg: A gang of six teenagers intimidated him and his friends before demanding his mobile phone.

X Dampen

to make feelings, especially of excitement or enjoyment, less strong Eg: Nothing you can say will dampen her enthusiasm.

Nettle

to make someone annoyed or slightly angry Eg: She looked up at me sharply, clearly nettled by the interruption.

Infuriate

to make someone extremely angry Eg: His sexist attitude infuriates me.

Mollify

to make someone less angry or upset Eg: He tried to mollify his critics with an apology.

Mitigate

to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad Eg: Emergency funds are being provided to help mitigate the effects of the disaster.

X Exacerbate

to make something that is already bad even worse Eg: Her allergy was exacerbated by the dust.

Assuage

to make unpleasant feelings less strong Eg: The government has tried to assuage the public's fears.

Tortuous /ˈtɔːr.tʃu.əs/

with many turns and changes of direction; not direct or simple = convoluted Eg: He took a tortuous route through back streets.