greece: short answer

Why was the expansion of Athenian democracy by Pericles a turning point in history?

It was a turning point in history because it encouraged every Greek citizens to participate in government matters by voting. This is important because people who did not usually pay much attention to Greek politics where finally involved (ex. poor citizens, lower class)

How did the Greeks spread their culture and political ideas throughout the Mediterranean?

When they left their homelands in search of better farmland they colonized other all throughout the mediterranean. This how important cites like Byzantium were created. Colonization also led to a huge increase in trade.

What art and literature was created during the classical period of Greece?

During the classical period of Greece, art and literature such as the Parthenon, dramas like Oresteia and books like the History of the Persian Wars were created.

How did geography impact development of Greek Culture and Settlement?

Greece's mountains contributed to independent communities, but its seas linked ancient Greeks to the rest of the world.

Why was Greek religion an essential part of Greek society?

Greek religion was an essential part of Greek society because it influenced the state a lot. One example would be the oracles. A cryptic message for the last oracle visit could determine whether or not a WAR took place.

What were some philosophical ideas in Ancient Greece?

One major idea was the Sophists' idea that the human was incapable of comprehending the universe and that it was more important to improve oneself. Another belief was started by Socrates, who declared individuals possessed all "real" knowledge and just needed to closely examine themselves to use it. Lastly there was Plato, who thought that everything on earth was a shadow of an ideal world known as reality, and that the goal of philosophy was to train one's mind in order to see/ become aware of this ideal world.

Why did Persia attack Greece and how did Greece defend itself?

Persia attacked Greece because they wanted revenge since the Ionian Greek cites that they controlled had tried to revolt. Greece defended itself by uniting Athens, Sparta and more city states against Persia in battle.

What different systems of government did Sparta and Athens have?

Sparta was a city-state entirely focused on the military and improvement of the military. They had an oligarchy in place. Athens had an oligarchy as well but eventually Cleisthenes came and created the foundation needed for democracy.

How did Athens's growing power lead to conflict with Sparta?

The growing power of Athens led to conflict with Sparta because Athenians felt they could conquer them. The two city-states had never gotten along, so now Athenians were eager to start a war they believed they could win. The war was called the Peloponnesian War.

How were the city-states of ancient Greece organized?

They were organized in a way where citizens had a strong loyalty to there states and they were all responsible for serving the states. This responsibility is what earns them their rights.