groups

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between self-help groups and therapy groups? A. Both are led by qualified professionals B. Both encourage support and stress the value of affiliation. C. Both aim for behavioral change. D. Both make use of group process.

A. Both are led by qualified professionals.

The miracle question is one example of A. a future-oriented exception question B. a present-oriented scaling question C. a technique used in groups by pastoral counselors D. an unethical technique E. a technique borrowed from family systems therapy

A. a future-oriented exception question

When attempting to organize and begin a group in an agency, it is important to A. be aware of the politics involved in the setting in which you work B. give up the idea if no one else on the staff seems excited about it C. expect the support and encouragement of your coworkers D. do all of the above

A. be aware of the politics involved in the setting in which you work

Challenging participants to look at discrepancies between their words and actions, or verbal and nonverbal communication. A. confronting B. suggesting C. clarifying D. interpreting E. initiating

A. confronting

A _________ group represents a microcosm of the social structure that exists in the everyday world and offers participants the opportunity to experiment with new behaviors, develop social skills, and get feedback from many diverse sources. A. heterogeneous B. homogeneous C. nonworking D. all of the above

A. heterogeneous

Inclusion and identity are the primary tasks of which stage of a group? A. initial stage B. transition stage C. working stage D. final stage

A. initial stage

Which is of the following is NOT an example of Western values? A. interdependence B. freedom C. responsibility D. achievement

A. interdependence

Which of the following techniques is least likely to be used in psychodrama? A. lifestyle assessment B. doubling C. future projection D. role reversal E. soliloquy

A. lifestyle assessment

Demonstrating desired behavior through actions. A. modeling B. clarifying C. facilitating D. evaluating E. none of the above

A. modeling

Many analytically oriented group therapists have a leadership style that is characterized by A. objectivity, warm detachment, and relative anonymity B. objectivity, aloofness, and strict anonymity C. subjectivity, mutuality, and self-disclosure D. rationality, impersonality, and coolness

A. objectivity, warm detachment and relative anonymity

Solution-focused counseling has parallels to ________, which pays attention to what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems. A. positive psychology B. object-relations therapy C. psychoanalysis D. Gestalt therapy

A. positive psychology

Which approach would be least interested in the exploration of early childhood experiences? A. solution-focused brief therapy B. psychoanalytic therapy C. Gestalt therapy D. Adlerian therapy E. TA

A. solution-focused brief therapy

Cohesion and productivity are most closely associated with the A. working stage B. transition stage C. initial and exploration stage D. final stage

A. working stage

If you are involved in group work with culturally diverse populations, it will be important for you to A. be an expert on each of the populations B. accept the challenge of modifying your strategies to meet the unique needs of the members C. be of the same ethnic background as the members in your group D. do all of the above

B. Accept the challenge of modifying your strategies to meet the unique needs of the members

A limitation of group work in a multicultural context is that A. groups have been proved ineffective in working with ethnic clients B. many ethnic clients consider it shameful to talk about their personal problems in front of others C. ethnic clients will not be able to develop trust in a group setting D. there is no basis for sharing common struggles or common pain

B. Many ethnic clients consider it shameful to talk about their personal problems in front of others

Which stage is generally characterized by increased anxiety and defensiveness? A. initial stage B. transition stage C. Working stage D. Final stage

B. Transition stage

On the issue of psychologoical risks in groups, what can be safely said? A. in a well-designed group, there are really no psychological risks B. because groups can be catalysts for change, they also contain risks C. members can be given guarantees that a group will not involve risks D. there are risks only when members are not properly screened

B. because groups can be catalysts for change, they also contain risks

Which of the following techniques is NOT a behavioral techniques? A. self-instruction B. dialogue technique C. cognitive restructuring D. self-reinforcement E. coaching

B. dialogue technique

When working with involuntary group members, it is important to A. expect that they will figure out on their own the best way to participate B. discuss with them ways to use the time beneficially C. insist that they participate D. assume that they will understand the basic group procedures after being there for a few sessions

B. discuss with them ways to use the time beneficially

Identifying with clients by assuming their internal frames of reference. A. sympathizing B. empathizing C. facilitating D. reflecting E. none of the above

B. empathizing

Which best captures the role and functions of a person-centered group counselor? A. teacher B. facilitator C. expert D. companion E. analyst

B. facilitator

Preparing a group to close a session or end its existence. A. restating B. terminating C. summarizing D. evaluating E. questioning

B. terminating

Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the group member's rights? A. the right to expect protection from verbal and physical assaults B. the right to expect complete confidentiality C. the right to know the leader's qualifications D. the right to get help from the group leader in developing personal goals E. the right to expect freedom from undue group pressure

B. the right to expect complete confidentiality

Conflict and struggle for control are most likely to appear in the A. working stage B. transition stage C. initial and exploration stage D. both (A) and (B)

B. transition stage

Which stage is characterized by dealing with conflict, defensiveness, and resistance? A. working stage B. transition stage C. final stage D. initial stage

B. transition stage

Cognitive homework is most likely to be assigned in A. psychodrama groups B. psychoanalytic groups C. REBT groups D. reality therapy groups E. Gestalt groups

C. REBT groups

A major difference between group therapy and group counseling lies in: A. their techniques B. the group process C. The goals for the group

C. The goals for the group

Assume that you are leading a group and a particular ethnic client tends to be very quiet. Which of the following might best explain this silence? A. this is surely a sign of a resistant client B. this is evidence that this client does not want to be in the group C. The silence may indicate politeness and a sense of respect D. This hesitation is best interpreted as a stubborn refusal to be open

C. The silence may indicate politeness and a sense of respect

The principle of informed consent applies to A. voluntary groups only B. involuntary groups only C. both voluntary and involuntary groups

C. both voluntary and involuntary groups

REBT methodology includes all of the following procedures except A. confrontation B. logical analysis C. analysis of one's lifescript D. counterpropaganda E. behavioral methods

C. counterpropaganda

Which approach does NOT emphasize techniques? A. Adlerian Therapy B. psychodrama C. existential therapy D. behavior therapy E. REBT

C. existential therapy

Attending to verbal and nonverbal aspects of communication without judging or evaluating A. interpreting B. reflecting feelings C. active listening D. facilitating E. empathizing

C. facilitating

Teaching participants some general guidelines of group functioning, developing group norms, and assisting members to express their fears and expectations are all group leadership functions during the A. working stage B. transition stage C. initial and exploration stage D. final stage

C. initial and exploration stage

Which is the correct sequence of the stages of a group? A. transition, initial,, working, final B. initial, transition, final, working C. initial, transition, working, final D. transition, initial, final, working

C. initial, transition, working, final

Regarding the right to confidentiality, which statement is false? A. confidentiality is one of the key norms of behavior in a group B. confidentiality is often on the minds of people when they initially join a group C. members who are in an involuntary group have no rights to confidentiality D. It is a good practice to remind participants from time to time of the danger of inadvertently revealing confidences

C. members who are in an involuntary group have no rights to confidentiality

Which approach has the goal of uncovering unconscious conflicts and working them through? A. person-centered therapy B. reality therapy C. psychoanalytic therapy D. TA E. behavior therapy

C. psychoanalytic therapy

The contemplation stage is associated with which of the following? A. adlerian therapy B. transtheoretical model of the stages of change C. psychoanalytical therapy D. psychodrama E. Gestalt therapy

C. psychoanalytical therapy

Choice theory is a basic part of the practice of A. solution-focused brief therapy B. REBT C. reality therapy D. Adlerian therapy E. existential therapy

C. reality therapy

Insight is stressed in all of these approaches except A. psychoanalytic therapy B. pschodrama C. solution-focused brief therapy D. Gestalt therapy E.TA

C. solution-focused brief therapy

In which type of group do clients choose the goals they wish to accomplish, and little attention is given to diagnosis, history taking, analysis of dysfunctional interactions, and exploration of the problem? A. REBT groups B. Adlerian groups C. solution-focused brief therapy groups D. psychoanalytic groups E. none of the above

C. solution-focused brief therapy groups

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of the Gestalt group? A. awareness B. unfinished business C. understanding one's irrational beliefs D. dealing with the impasse

C. understanding one's irrational beliefs

The socioteleogical approach that holds that people are primarily motivated by social forces and are striving to achieve certain goals is associated with A. person-centered therapy B. existential therapy C. reality therapy D. Adlerian therapy E. behavior therapy

D. Adlerian therapy

In self-help groups the focus tends to be on A. discussing the external causes of members' problems B. Developing strategies to deal with environmental pressures and barriers. C. Stressing a common identity based on a common life situation D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The A-B-C theory is associated with A. reality therapy B. TA C. behavior therapy D. REBT E. Gestalt therapy

D. REBT

Shame-attacking exercises are likely to be used in which type of group? A. reality therapy group B. person-centered group C. Gestalt group D. REBT group E. psychodrama group

D. REBT group

Which of the following is NOT true of psychoeducational groups? A. they impart information B. They teach people how to solve problems C. They help clients learn to create their own support systems outside of the group. D. They tend to be long term.

D. They tend to be long term.

Advanced competencies have been specified by the ASGW for which groups? A. task work groups B. psychoeducational groups C. counseling and psychotherapy groups D. all of the above E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Dreams are explored in A. Gestalt groups B. psychoanalytic groups C. psychodrama groups D. all of the above E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Leaders who develop sexual relationships with current group members are A. acting unethically B. jeopardizing their license and their professional career C. degrading the profession at large D. doing all of the above

D. doing all of the above

Planning specific goals for the group process and helping participants define concrete personal issues as the focus of work. A. supporting B. clarifying C. facilitating D. goal setting E. suggesting

D. goal setting

The "best practice guidelines" developed by ASGW (2008) provide general suggestions for enhancing your level of competence as a group worker. Which of these suggestions is NOT included in the guidelines? A. Remain current and increase your knowledge and skill competencies through activities such as continuing education, professional supervision, and participation in personal and professional development activities. B. Utilize consultation and/or supervision to ensure effective practice regarding ethical concerns that interfere with effective functioning as a group leader. C. Be open to getting professional assistance for personal problems or conflicts of your own that may impair your professional judgement or work performance. D. none of the above, they are all suggested in the guidelines.

D. none of the above; they are all suggested in the guidelines

The therapeutic conditions o congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy are emphasized in A. psychoanalytic therapy B. reality therapy C. TA D. person-centered therapy E. none of the above

D. person-centered therapy

The role of the family would be stressed most in which type of group? A. motivational interviewing group B. behavioral group C. existential group D. Gestalt group E. Adlerian group

E. Adlerian group

Which of the following is an advantage of group work with multicultural populations? A. members gain from the power and strength of collective group feedback B. modeling operates in groups C. people learn that they are not alone in their struggles D. Cross-cultural universality often exists in such groups E. All of the above are advantages

E. All of the above are advantages

In which type of group would members focus on their lifescripts through the process of script analysis? A. psychoanalytic group B. reality therapy group C. behavioral group D. Adlerian group E. TA group

E. TA group

Modeling would be important in which type of group? A. reality therapy B. behavior therapy C. REBT D. Existential therapy E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Role playing is likely to be used in A. psychodrama B. Gestalt therapy C. REBT D. behavior therapy E. all of the above

E. all of the above

The here-and-now is emphasized in A. psychodrama B. existential therapy C. person-centered therapy D. Gestalt therapy E. all of the above

E. all of the above

What is the recommended course of action regarding the freedom to exit a group? A. members should be able to leave at any time they wish without any explanation B. members should never be allowed to leave a group once they join. C. members who are thinking of leaving should bring the issue up for discussion in the group session D. members should bring up the issue of leaving privately with the leader E. all of the above are true

E. all of the above are true

Resistance in a group can be seen as A. a common form of defense B. material for productive exploration C. a bad attitude on the part of the member D. something that should be avoided at all costs E. both (a) and (b)

E. both A and B

An essential aim of existential-humanistic therapy is to A. help clients become more present to both themselves and others B. assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence C. challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives. D. encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives. E. do all of the above

E. do all of the above

In an analytic group free association might be used for all of the following except A. working on dreams B. encouraging spontaneity among members C.. promoting interaction between members D. getting at unconscious material E. getting clients to evaluate their quality world

E. getting clients to evaluate their quality world

Expressing concrete and honest reactions based on observation of members' behavior. A. evaluating B. initiating C. clarifying D. interpreting E. giving feedback

E. giving feedback

In an existential group which technique would be considered essential? A. role playing B. rational emotive imagery C. homework D. dream analysis E. none of the above

E. none of the above

The object-relations theory is associated with A. behavior therapy B. Gestalt therapy C. Adlerian therapy D. reality therapy E. none of the above

E. none of the above

Safeguarding members from unnecessary psychological risks in the group. A. modeling B. linking C. goal setting D. interpreting E. protecting

E. protecting

All of the following are key concepts underlying the Adlerian group except A. telelogy B. social interest C. creativity and choice D. developing a lifestyle E. the A-B-C theory of personality

E. the A-B-C theory of personality

Which approach emphasizes the personal qualities of the group leader rather than the techniques of leading? A. existential B. person-centered C. REBT D. behavioral E. two of the above

E. two of the above

T/F. Essentially, self-help groups and therapy groups have the same goals.

F

T/F. Group leaders who possess personal power generally meet their needs at the expense of the members and are therefore unethical.

F

T/F. If an ethnic client displays silence in a group, this behavior is most probably a sign of resistance.

F

T/F. It is best not to inform clients of their rights as members before they join a group, for this generally reduces their commitment to work.

F

T/F. It is realistic to assume that adequately led groups, by their very nature, eliminate psychological risks to the participants.

F

T/F. One way to establish trust is to reassure members that whatever they disclose in a session will never go outside of the group.

F

T/F. Research findings on leader self-disclosure clearly indicate that the more leaders disclose of their personal lives, the more their groups become self-directed and cohesive.

F

T/F. The literature dealing with multicultural counseling indicates that ethnic and minority clients are making full use of mental health services.

F

T/F. it is unwise to forewarn participants of the psychological risks of being in a group, for this is likely to create a tense climate and lead to extreme caution.

F

T/F. It is clearly unethical to form groups composed of involuntary members.

F.

T/F. A disadvantage of group work with ethnic clients is their reluctance to disclose personal material or to share family secrets.

T

T/F. An advantage of group work with ethnic clients is that members can gain from the power and strength of collective group feedback.

T

T/F. As a group counselor, you may face the need in a malpractice action to justify the techniques you have used.

T

T/F. Group leaders may encounter resistance from some ethnic or minority clients because they are using traditional White, middle-class values to interpret these clients' experiences.

T

T/F. It is a good practice to remind participants from time to time of the danger of inadvertently breaking confidentiality.

T

T/F. It is important that group leaders be clear about their own values and express them openly when it is relevant and appropriate to the work of the group.

T

T/F. Self-help groups often focus on exploring external causes of members' problems as well as developing strategies to deal with environmental pressures and barriers.

T

T/F. Structured groups are often based on a learning theory model and use behavioral procedures

T

T/F. The terms self-help group and support group are often used interchangeably.

T

T/F. Those who seek the services in college counseling centers are increasingly older and diverse in terms of sociodemographic features and life experiences, making group work more challenging.

T

Unfinished business and avoidance are key concepts of A. Gestalt therapy B. reality therapy C. motivational interviewing D. rational emotive behavior therapy E. none of the above

a. Gestalt therapy

Social skills training groups most rely on which type of techniques? A. behavioral B. TA C. psychodramatic D. reality therapy E. Adlerian

a. behavioral

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of TA groups? A. lifestyle assessment B. analysis of ego states C. teaching rational thinking D. working with dreams E. focusing on nonverbal communication

a. lifestyle assessment

A lifestyle assessment, which would focus on family background and would reveal a pattern of basic mistakes, would be used in A. psychoanalytic therapy B. Adlerian therapy C. behavior therapy D. REBT E. all of the above

b. Adlerian therapy

Individual Psychology is another name for A. pschoanalystic therapy B. Adlerian therapy C. existential therapy D. reality therap E. person-centered therapy

b. Adlerian therapy

Which type of group leader is most likely to focus on energy and blocks to energy? A. Adlerian leader B. Gestalt leader C. psychoanalytic leader D. TA leader E. all of the above

b. Gestalt leader

Which of the following is NOT true regarding behavioral assessment? A. It is aimed at gathering unique and detailed information about a client's problem. B. It focuses on the client's past functioning and life conditions. C. It is concerned with taking samples of a client's behaviors to provide information about how the client typically functions in various situations. D. It is narrowly focused rather than dealing with a client's total personality. E. It is integrated with therapy

b. It focuses on the client's past functioning and life conditions.

The approach that teaches members how to identify irrational beliefs and substitute for them with rational beliefs is A. reality therapy B. REBT C. TA D. Gestalt therapy E. behavior therapy

b. REBT

The concept of basic psychological life positions is part of A. psychoanalytic therapy B. TA C. psychodrama D. REBT E. none of the above

b. TA

In an REBT group, role playing involves A. a catharsis B. a cognitive restructuring of beliefs C. a return to some event during early childhood D. promoting an expression of feelings between members E. none of the above

b. a cognitive restructuring of beliefs

The congruence of a group leader implies A. empathy B. immediacy C. genuineness D. unconditional positive regard E. none of the above

c. genuineness

Promoting member-to-member interactions rather than focusing on member-to-leader interactions. A. summarizing B. linking C. suggesting D. reflecting feelings E. questioning

b. linking

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of reality therapy? A. members must make commitments B. members focus on early childhood issues C. members make an evaluation of their behavior D. members focus on the present, not the past E. members look at ways in which they are choosing their total behavior.

b. members focus on early childhood issues

Which type of group counselor would tend to give the last degree of direction? A. REBT therapist B. person-centered therapist C. Gestalt therapist D. reality therapist E. cognitive behavioral therapist

b. person-centered therapist

Which theory would be most concerned with understanding and exploring an individual's developmental stages? A. TA B. psychoanalytic therapy C. behavior therapy D. REBT E. none of the above

b. psychoanalystic therapy

The process of skillful questioning would be used mostly by a group leader with which theoretical orientation? A. person-centered therapy B. reality therapy C. gestalt therapy D. existential therapy E. none of the above

b. reality therapy

Which approach stresses the total behavior of doing, thinking, feeling, and physiology? A. REBT B. reality therapy C. person-centered therapy D. psychoanalystic therapy E. TA

b. reality therapy

Adler stresses A. the value of transference for group therapy B. the purposeful nature of behavior C. the role of biological determinants of behavior D. none of the above

b. the purposeful nature of behavior

Concepts of introjection, projection, retroflection, confluence, and deflection are part of A. Adlerian therapy B. psychodrama C. Gestalt therapy D. existential therapy E. TA

c. Gestalt therapy

A focus on ego states would occur in A. Gestalt groups B. Adlerian groups C. TA groups D. psychodrama groups E. all of the above

c. TA groups

Motivational interviewing is best described as A. a deterministic and directive counseling approach B. a school of psychotherapy C. a style of helping and a method of communication D. a set of prescribed techniques E. all of the above

c. a style of helping and a method of communication

Which type of group serves the function of re-creating the original family so that members can work through their unresolved problems? A. REBT B. behavioral C. psychoanalytic D. rational emotive behavior therapy E. none of the above

c. psychoanalytic

Which of the following is generally NOT a technique used in Gestalt groups? A. experiments with dialogues B. making the rounds C. teaching rational thinking D. working with dreams E. focusing on nonverbal communication

c. teaching rational thinking

Which approach would be most likely to focus on an expression and exploration of feelings? A. behavior therapy B. REBT C. reality therapy D. Gestalt therapy E. none of the above

d. Gestalt therapy

Choice is stressed in A. Adlerian therapy B. existential therapy C. reality therapy D. all of the above E. none of the above

d. all of the above

Revealing one's reactions to here-and-now events in the group. A. restating B. empathizing C. confronting D. disclosing oneself E. linking

d. disclosing oneself

The miracle question is a technique used in A. TA B. REBT C. Gestalt therapy D. solution-focused therapy E. reality therapy

d. solution-focused therapy

Contracts and homework assignments are most likely to be used in A. TA groups B. cognitive behavioral therapy groups C. reality therapy groups D. REBT groups E. all of the above

e. all of the above

Dealing with the present is stressed in A. psychodrama B. Gestalt therapy C. existential therapy D. reality therapy E. all of the above

e. all of the above

The formula first session task (FFST) is a form of homework a group leader might give members A. to complete between their first and second sessions B. that puts the emphasis on future solutions rather than past problems C. that is used in solution-focused brief therapy D. to increase their optimism and hope about their present and future situation E. All of the above

e. all of the above

On the matter of coercion and pressure in a group, members should know that A. some pressure is to be expected as part of the group process B. they have a right to be protected against undue pressure C. Coercion to make acceptable decisions may be a part of group procedure D. they may well be pressured to participate in threatening nonverbal exercises E. both (a) and (b)

e. both A and B

During the initial stage of a behavioral group, the concern of the group leader is to A. identify problematic behavior B. develop baseline data C. teach members about the group process D. conduct an assessment of each member's current behavior E. do all of the above

e. do all of the above

If you are intending to form a group composed of culturally diverse members, it would be important to A. prepare the clients for the group experience B. have a general understanding of the cultural values of your clients C. develop patience in accepting differences in behavior D. help members clearly identify why they are in a group E.. do all of the above

e. do all of the above

Which of the following is a typical procedure used in reality therapy groups? A. conducting an assessment of one's family constellation B. exploring early childhood experiences C. fostering transference reactions toward the leader D. analyzing ego states E. evaluating current behavior

e. evaluating current behavior

Significant developments in dealing with borderline and narcissistic personality disorders have occurred within which theory? A. Gestalt therapy B TA C. solution-focused brief therapy D. person-centered therapy E. none of the above

e. none of the above