Groups quiz

What conclusions did Georg Simmel reach with respect to the size of a group?

As groups grow smaller, they become less stable.

What sociological term best describes lovers, cult members, and members of a combat infantry platoon?

a primary group

Which set of characteristics is most applicable to secondary groups?

formal, impersonal, anonymous

As a small group grows larger

it becomes more stable

What was the initial conclusion drawn from the experiment known as the small world phenomenon?

All members of society are linked together by mutual acquaintances.

Which experiment demonstrated the power of groups and the need individuals have to conform to a group?

Asch

What sociologist described primary groups as "the spring of life"?

Charles Cooley

What conclusions can be drawn from Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity?

Group pressure will cause most people to say things they don't believe.

Who used the term "groupthink" to refer to a kind of collective tunnel vision?

Irving Janis

Guy is a NASA engineer working on proposals for the first manned mission to Mars. Sociologically, what is NASA in relationship to Guy's life?

It is a secondary group because NASA serves as Guy's employer and aerospace technology is his vocational interest.

Who conducted the table experiment?

L Howells and S Becker

Which entertainment group qualifies as a dyad?

Penn and Teller

When Judith Kleinfeld replicate Milgram's experiment on small world phenomenon, what did she conclude?

People who don't know one another are dramatically separated by social barriers.

Which of the following best describes a group?

People who think of themselves as belonging together and interact with one another, such as this sociology class.

Patrick has been a member of the Democratic Party since he registered to vote over 40 years ago. He eventually became a part of the local party leadership and is now the country party chairman. Patrick's experience in the Democratic Party supports which of the following conclusions about primary and secondary groups?

Primary groups tend to break down into secondary groups.

After replicating Stanley Milgram's small world phenomenon experiment, what analogy did Judith Kleinfeld use to explain her conclusion?

Society is a bowl of lumpy oatmeal.

Who was the psychologist who conducted research on group conformity using cards with lines of various lengths and subjects who were primarily "stooges" hired to fool a single member of a group?

Solomon Asch

What was the conclusion reached by Stanley Milgram in his "teacher-learner" experiment?

Some people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.

Who was the psychologist responsible for popularizing the concept of "six degrees of separation"?

Stanley Milgram

What term describes people who share similar characteristics but little else, such as all women attending college, all left-handed people, or all men over seven feet tall?

a category

What term describes people who share the same physical space but do not see themselves as belonging together?

aggregate

What were the results of the Asch experiment?

all statements true

Which leadership style will most likely result in a high degree of internal solidarity among employees?

authoritarian

alignment of some members of group against another

coalition

During the Cuban Missile Crisis ,Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy gathered opinions on how to address the problem from selected leaders. After this group reached a consensus, the President made the final decision for the Naval quarantine of Cuba. This scenario is an example of which type of leadership?

democratic

As a group size increases it is less and less likely that individuals will come forward to complete group tasks unless specifically assigned to do so. What term describes this phenomenon of group dynamics?

diffusion of responsibility

What occurs when members of a larger group believe that giving help is no more their responsibility than anyone else's.

diffusion of responsibility

if people go against the group how are they viewed sometimes?

disloyal

In which of the following groups is it impossible to form a coalition?

dyad

Darley and Latane's experiment illustrated:

group size influences our attitudes and behavior the size of the group affects one's desire to help another in larger groups students felt a diffusion of responsibility

collective tunnel vision

groupthink

Joanne is a member of a group that is developing a questionnaire as a group project in her sociology class. Whenever they meet, Joanne finds she is always trying to keep the group focused on putting the questionnaire together. What type of leader is Joanne?

instrumental

2 types of leaders that groups have

instrumental and expressive

expressive leader

is one whose responsibilities include keeping the group's morale high and minimizing conflicts within the organization.

Bob is the newly appointed regional manager of the highway department. He has told his district managers not to bother him with telephone calls or e-mails on how to manage their districts. What style of leaderships describes Bob's passive and apparently uninvolved approach to his job?

laissez-faire

What term describes people who influence the behaviors, opinions, or attitudes of others?

leaders

smaller groups

members interact directly with each other are an example of primary and secondary groups

Cody is a member of the L.A. Crips. The other gangs in his territory are the Bloods and Satan's Slaves. Cody feels very antagonistic towards the Bloods and Slaves. For Cody, what types of groups do these two rival gangs represent?

out-groups

triads

produce a arbitrator or mediator

From the time Anthony took his first college course he wanted to be a professor. He subscribed to journals, attended conferences, and worked hard to graduate near the top of his class. In view of this, what type of group is "college professor" in relation to Anthony's aspirations?

reference group

group dynamics

refers to how groups influence us and how we influence groups.

What term refers to the social ties that link people together?

social networks

What is the largest and most complex type of group?

society

Encouraging diverse opinions is one way to curb the negative aspects of groupthink.

true

What classification best describes groups that organize on the basis of some mutual interest, such as the Girl Scouts, Knights of Columbus, and labor unions?

voluntary associations