HCS exam
Another name for data that has meaning is
information
What is computational biology?
the actual process of analyzing and interpreting data
An ethics approach that emerged from relatively homogenous societies where beliefs were similar and the majority of societal members shared common values is known as
the hippocratic tradition
What is biomedical informatics?
the interdisciplinary science of acquiring, structuring, analyzing, and providing access to biomedical data, information, and knowledge. As an academic discipline, it is grounded in the principles of computer science, information science, cognitive science, social science, and engineering, as well as the clinical and basic biological sciences.
When computers are linked together to facilitate communication and operations within and outside an organization, this is known as:
a network
According to Ridley (2007), which of the following teaching methods yields the highest retention over a 24-hour period?
peer teaching
Variation occurs when workers
perform the same function in different ways. initiate flaws in the way a process was originally designed. lack knowledge about the process.
Integrating technology into the medication administration cycle helps to reduce errors by
performing electronic checks against a database of safe medication administration parameters and providing alerts
Sources of evidence for practice include:
synthesis of knowledge from research. retrospective or concurrent chart reviews. clinical expertise.
______ evaluates the system and its components including determining if the system performs appropriately for the user.
testing
Games promote critical thinking and teamwork by pushing students to work together in groups to find answers.
true
Interoperable EHRs using continuity of care documents are foundational to the development of HIEs.
true
Health literacy skills include the ability to:
. locate and evaluate health information for credibility and quality. analyze the various risks and benefits of treatments. negotiate complex healthcare environments
Hybrid or blended delivery of courses means that:
Multimedia tools increase student engagement in the learning process and facilitate learning retention.
Which of the following makes information valuable and meaningful?
Accessible and accurate Timely and complete Reliable and relevant
Information literacy is:
An intellectual framework for finding, understanding, evaluating, and using information activities that may be accomplished in part through fluency with information technology and sound investigative methods, but most importantly, through critical reasoning and discernment
Home care telehealth includes many different forms, EXCEPT?
Calling to schedule an appointment
Which one of the following is the component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to try to explain human intellectual abilities?
Connectionism
Which of the following are not ways the EHR supports accountable care?
Decreases medical errors
Which of the following are examples of human-technology interfaces?
EMR PCA pump Telephones
Which one of the following is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge—what it means to know?
Epistemology
The dynamic system development method (DSDM) is
Highly interactive
Which of the following is not a goal of evidence-based practice?
Improve professional satisfaction
Which of the following statements is correct about the waterfall model?
It is a sequential development process
What is data?
Raw facts
Which of the following best describes the central goal of health informatics?
To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of healthcare
A motherboard has been called the central nervous system of the computer.
True
Artificial intelligence is the field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence
True
is the term that denotes the ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a particular goal
Usability
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is
a fast way to add functionality through prototyping and user testing.
ethic is best described as
a goal-oriented approach to answering questions that potentially have multiple acceptable answers.
Early detection of possible outbreaks can be achieved by gathering data on
absences from work or school. purchases of healthcare products, including specific types of over-the-counter medications laboratory test orders.
Interoperability is the ability to share information:
across organizations.
Bioinformatics is:
an interdisciplinary science with a focus on data management and interpretation for complex biological phenomena that are analyzed and visualized using mathematical modeling and numerical methodologies with predictive algorithms.
Assigning passwords to employees so that they can access the secure network is known as
authentication
Much of our ______ is unstructured and resides in text files representing more than 75% of an organization's data. This data is not contained in databases and can be easily overlooked. It is important because we can identify patterns and provide meaningful insights.
big data
Devices that recognize thumb prints, retina patterns, or facial patterns are known as:
biometric devices.
A safety culture is a blame-free environment where individuals are able to report errors or near misses without fear of reprimand or punishment. Conversely, a just culture emphasizes individual accountability and:
both encourages error reporting and seeks to understand workflow and process issues that lead to errors and emphasizes zero tolerance for reckless behavior.
Behaviors leading to unintentional data breaches include
both losing an input device and walking away from a workstation without logging off.
Computer science can facilitate
both the acquisition and manipulation of data and information
Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on
bringing about human benefit
A __________________ identifies resources, patterns, and variance in care to prevent costly complications related to chronic conditions and enhances the overall outcomes for patients with chronic illnesses.
case management information system (CMIS)
is an analytic, logical process with the ultimate goal of forecasting or prediction.
data mining
Computer technology has ushered in what has been called the Information Age, an age when
data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history.
John, a 78-year-old male patient in a hospital is referred to a pulmonary specialist for a consult on his breathing problems. The specialist orders a CT scan of the lungs and is alerted by the EHR that a CT scan was performed 1 week ago. This alert is designed to prevent duplicate testing and is part of which essential EHR component?
decision support system
Health information and data in the EHR consists of:
demographics. medical diagnoses. medication lists and allergies.
The estimate of how much exposure to a potential hazard would cause varying degrees of health effects is known as:
dose-response assessment.
A major goal of the eHealth Initiative is to
empower consumers to understand their health needs
Core public health functions include all of the following except
evaluating webpages for information quality
HIPAA has improved the privacy and security of patient health information by applying the requirements of the HITECH act to the business associates of covered entities and by enhancing the breach notification requirements of the HITECH act
false
Knowledge workers are those who work with information and generate computer programs to help with knowledge management.
false
Machine learning combines the predictions from several models. It is helpful when several different models are used in the same project.
false
Metalearning is a subset of artificial intelligence that permits computers to learn either inductively or deductively. Inductive machine learning is the process of reasoning and making generalizations or extracting patterns and rules from huge data sets
false
Most workflow redesign efforts are focused on large changes resulting in widespread change that accompanies transformational activities.
false
Qualitative data focuses on numbers and frequencies rather than experience and meaning.
false
Computer hardware components may be damaged by
food and drinks. static charges. dropping or jarring hardware.
In ethics theory, autonomy means
freedom from controlling interferences.
The users see the effects of their actions on the technology when you bridge the
gulf of evaluation
Bioinformatics tools:
help biomedical informaticists and healthcare personnel tackle the analysis of large data sets.
Epidemiology is:
identifying things that come upon the people. incidence, prevalence, and control of disease. case finding. case finding and incidence, prevalence, and control of disease
The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as
informatics competency
One of the ways that healthcare organizations can utilize informatics for patient education is via:
kiosks
Which one of the following is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision?
knowledge
Using a clinical practice guideline as a basis for practice is an example of
knowledge application
When healthcare professionals work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product, they can be described as
knowledge workers
Organizational financial systems are used to
manage the expenses and revenue for providing healthcare. report the fiscal outcomes in order to track them against the organizational goals of an institution help to determine the strategic direction for an organization
The EHR function that allows a clinician to enter medication and other care orders directly into a computer including laboratory, microbiology, pathology, radiology, nursing, supply orders, ancillary services, and consults is known as the
order entry management
Simulators encompass a broad range of devices, including, but not limited to
partial task trainers, such as an IV insertion arm, screen-based simulations, including simulated EHRs. simulated environments replicating a realistic patient care area. complex computer-driven human patient simulation mannequins.
A surgery tracking board located in a family waiting room may report all of the following except
patient initials
In a collaborative learning environment, the professor does all of the following except:
prepares and delivers content via lectures
Some of the disciplines involved in cognitive science include
psychology and philosophy. neuroscience and linguistics. biology and physics.
One of the major outcomes of the Human Genome Project (HGP) was:
realization that ethical, legal and social issues (ESLI) will arise from studying human genomes.
According to the Joint Commission, a patient safety issue that results in death, serious harm, or temporary harm is termed a:
sentinel event
is a data-driven method to eliminate defects, waste, or assess quality control issues. It is aimed at decreasing disparities in a business and manufacturing process through dedicated improvements.
six sigma
The manipulation of a relationship, such as pretending to be an employee of the IT office and requesting an employee's password is known a
social engineering
The process of data mining helps administrators and researchers to
sort through databases in order to discover important patterns in data. discover or uncover previously unidentified relationships among the data in a database. conducts exploratory analyses looking for hidden patterns in data.
A specialized system of data collection to detect trends in the incidence and severity of a specific disease or health related syndrome is also known as:
syndromic surveillance.
Electronic prompts in a technology-based medication administration system warn against the possibility of drug interaction, allergy, or medication overdose when:
the physician enters the order in the CPOE system. the pharmacist verifies and dispenses the medication. the medication is about to be administered.
Optimization is:
the process of moving conditions past their current state and into more efficient and effective method of performing tasks.
he most reliable source of research evidence for informing practice is:
the randomized controlled trial.
Telemonitoring systems can be set in an acceptable range of values for an individual patient enrolled in the monitoring program. If the patient's levels go above or below predetermined amounts, the program will alert the appropriate party. This is an explanation of what type of improvement seen in the home telehealth software?
triage
As healthcare professionals, we must always consider how the advances in personalized medicine impact our provision of care and how we can take advantage of personalized medicine for our patients.
true
Compliance with HL7 programming standards helps to ensure interoperability of EHRs.
true
Data analysis is the process by which data collected during the course of a study is processed to identify trends and patterns of relationships.
true
Data mining is concerned with extracting what is needed, and it applies statistics so that organizations can gain an advantage by manipulating information for practical applications.
true
Decision trees are a powerful tool that can be used to mine large data sets and discover previously unknown relationships among the data.
true
Dr. John Snow can be designated as the "father" of public health informatics
true
Ethical dilemmas arise when issues raise questions that cannot be answered with a simple, clearly defined rule, fact, or authoritative view
true
MoSCoW stands for "Must have, Should have, Could have, and Would have". The "should have" requirements are those that would be great to have if possible, but the success of the project does not depend on them being addressed.
true
Neural networks represent nonlinear predictive models.
true
Observation and documentation of workflow to better understand what is happening in the current environment and how it can be altered is referred to as process or workflow analysis
true
Personalized medicine is the old term. Currently, the appropriate term is precision medicine. Precision medicine may be thought of as the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics, needs, and preferences of a patient during all stages of care, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care.
true
Smart pump technologies are designed for safe administration of high-hazard drugs and to reduce adverse drug events during intravenous medication administration. Smart pumps have software that is programmed to reflect the facility's infusion parameters and a drug library that compares normal dosing rates with those programmed into the pump.
true
Technology implemented without consideration of workflow can provide greater patient safety concerns than no technology at all.
true
The complete sequencing of the human genome has led to systems biology referred to as omics and has elevated scientists' ability from studying one gene or protein to studying fundamental biological processes.
true
The future of health care is based on genomics
true
Use of social media in education may promote the development of skills that will support professional collaboration as students enter the practice arena.
true
A meta-analysis helps to generate new practice evidence and knowledge by:
using statistical methods to combine the results of several quantitative studies.
Two ethics approaches that emphasize considerations for human needs and responsibility to meet needs are
virtue and care ethics
is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge)
wisdom
Wisdom and knowledge differ in that
wisdom is the synthesis of experience, insight, and reflection.
When a bar-coding medication system interfered with their workflow, professionals devised ___________, such as removing the armband from the patient and attaching it to the bed, because the bar-code reader failed to interpret bar codes when the bracelet curved tightly around a small arm
workarounds
