HD 412 test 1

a. more females than males aged 18-24 live with their parents b. the older they are when they move out, the more likely they are to return *c. the proportion of young adults living in their parents homes has increased from 2005-2011.* d. more individuals aged 25 to 34 were living with their parents than those who were between 18 and 24 years of age

Current research in the United States on leaving (and returning) home has shown that _______.

a. a negative b. a minimal c. no measurable *d. a positive*

Exercise has ________ effect on intellectual skill.

*a. cross-sectional* b. longitudinal c. time-sequential d. sequential

If a researcher interviews a group of 20-year-olds, a group of 40-year-olds, and a group of 60-year-olds about their gender role attitudes, this would be an example of which sort of research design?

a. level of the woman's education b. the social class of the woman's family *c. the woman's attractiveness* d. the woman's social status

If you ask a group of young men which quality is most important to them in choosing a mate, which of the following qualities is likely to be ranked first?

a. intellectualization *b. stereotyping* c. differentiation d. pragmatics

Imagine that you are a business executive and you are about to have a meeting with a rival executive whom you know to be a woman. You know nothing else about her, but you imagine that she must be less competitive than your male colleagues—probably more conciliatory. What process are you demonstrating with such thoughts?

a. cohorts b. generations *c. shared experiences* d. cross-sectional comparisons

In U.S. culture, adults in their early 20s are expected to marry, start families, establish themselves in jobs or careers, and settle themselves in separate households; 45-year-olds are expected to be launching their children into independence, to be reaching the peak of their careers, and to be caring for their own aging parents. Such expectations illustrate which concept?

*a. explain both changes with age and continuities* b. focus primarily on explaining changes with age c. focus primarily on explaining continuities with age d. deal most centrally with individual differences in responses to life problems

In explaining adult development, psychologists must ______.

a. phobias b. agoraphobia *c. dysthymic disorder* d. PTSD

It is estimated that 20 percent of the elderly have pathological levels of anxiety. Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?

a. cancer *b. an accident* c. suicide d. homicide

John is a 22-year-old college student. Unlike his 70-year-old grandmother, John is most likely to die from ________.

a. Marshall, a European-American male b. Jennifer, an Hispanic American female c. Kim, an Asian-American female *d. Vanessa, an African-American female*

Of the following individuals, who is LEAST LIKELY to remarry?

a. sequential b. experimental c. cross-sectional *d. longitudinal*

Of the following research methods, select the one that studies the same subjects over a period of time, observing whether their responses remain the same or change in systematic ways?

a. 15-20 b. 20-30 c. 30-40 *d. 40-50*

Rebecca says that she is content with her current friendships and not motivated to add new relationships. Based on the research evidence, what would be the best guess about Rebecca's age?

a. higher self-esteem *b. higher levels of stress* c. lower levels of depression d. lower perceived social support

Research has shown that people who attribute human thoughts, feelings, and motivations to their pets report ________ when compared to pet owners who do not do this.

a. gender roles are the same for males and females regardless of where they live. *b. gender roles are dynamic.* c. traditional gender roles are the most adaptive. d. societal changes only affect gender roles in the U.S.

Research in different cultures has led to the following conclusion:

*a. hearing loss typically begins in the 30s.* b. hearing loss is more noticeable for lower tones. c. sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the hammer and anvil. d. by age 65, about 10% of adults have some significant hearing impairment.

Research on hearing has shown that

*a. more people in the U.S. now support same-sex marriages than oppose them* b. same-sex partners take on "male" and "female" roles c. same-sex couples and different-sex couples are more different than alike d. in the early years of the relationship, lesbian couples have more sex than do gay or heterosexual couples

Research on same-sex partnerships shows that_________.

*a. the four stages of sexual response are a little slower and a little less intense compared to their younger counterparts.* b. the lack of desire is by far the most common complaint of men. c. the desire to have sex is highest in middle adulthood. d. sexual desire is driven by testosterone for men, but not for women.

Research on sexual activity of older adults shows that

*a. age* b. cholesterol c. obesity d. tobacco use

The greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease is ________.

a. older adults utilize better inductive reasoning *b. older adults better utilize deductive reasoning skills* c. younger adults base their decisions on intuition d. younger adults better utilize their procedural memories

The latest research on age-related changes in judgment and decision-making suggests that older adults utilize less information and take less time to make their choices (when compared to younger adults). However, there were NO differences in the choices made. The authors suggest that this is because _______.

a. Verbal Comprehension, College Algebra, Science, and Music b. Verbal Comprehension, Scientific Knowledge, Working Memory, and Processing Speed *c. Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed* d. Working Memory, Processing Speed, Generic Reasoning, and Word Problems

The latest version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale provides a Full Scale IQ based on four separate indexes: _____________ each of which consists of a number of different subtests.

a. osteopathy *b. osteoporosis* c. calcification d. climacteric

The loss of calcium in the bones that occurs in many adults with aging is called _______.

a. resistance limit b. telomere limit *c. oxidative limit* d. Hayflick limit

The number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence is known as its_______.

a. morbidity b. prevalence *c. mortality* d. incidence

The probability of dying in any given year is called the _________ rate.

a. is less common today than it was in the past b. is experienced by most at the average age of 65 c. is one that most think they are doing an average job at, but regret not being able to play an important role in their grandchildren's lives *d. involves more intimacy for women than for men*

The role of grandparent _______.

a. Alzheimer's disease *b. dementia* c. depression d. Parkinson's disease

The term used to describe any significant global deterioration in intellectual abilities in older adults is _______.

a. an attachment model b. an insecure attachment c. a secure attachment *d. an internal working model*

Theorists of attachment suggest that in childhood we each create a sort of template of relationships that is applied to later interactions. Such a template is called _______.

a. The exercisers use so many different forms of exercise that we can't be sure what works. b. Sedentary subjects may actually exercise somewhat but not report it. *c. Those who choose to exercise may be different in other significant ways from those who choose to be sedentary.* d. The samples of exercisers are normally younger than the samples of sedentary adults to whom they are compared.

What is the key flaw in studies of the effect of exercise on mental abilities in which comparisons are made between regular exercisers and sedentary adults?

*a. cohort differences* b. terminal drop c. subject attrition d. unrepresentative samples

What is the major explanation offered to account for the differences in the pattern of IQ stability or decline over adulthood shown in cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies?

a. storage b. sensory memory c. recognition *d. working memory*

What is the term used to describe the amount of information we can hold in mind while performing some type of operation on it?

a. cohort b. lineage *c. convoy* d. social support network

What term does Antonucci use to describe the set of relationships with family and friends that surrounds each of us throughout our adult lives?

a. maturation b. the impact of free radicals c. primary aging *d. secondary aging*

When some body change is linked to age but appears to be the product of environmental influences or health habits, it is an example of _______.

a. Asian Americans b. Hispanic Americans *c. American Indians and Alaskan Natives* d. African Americans

Which group of adults has the worst health and the lowest life expectancy in the U.S.?

a. an unmarried female who elects to return to school for her GED after 15 years of factory work *b. a married female who completed college on the G.I. Bill and is now engaged as a personal trainer* c. a divorced male college professor who devotes 16 hours a day to his solitary research d. a 24-year-old single male welfare recipient

Which individual is most likely to have an advantage in cognitive functioning into old age?

a. Hispanic women are more likely to be childless than those of other races or ethnic groups. b. Childless women tend to have lower-level jobs and earn less money than their counterparts with children. c. The increase in the number of childless women is unique to the U.S.; most other developed countries have seen a decrease in childlessness. *d. The number of childless women has increased since the 1970s.*

Which of the following best describes our current research on childlessness?

a. There is no evidence to support the concept of gender role crossover. b. There is reasonably strong evidence that men become more feminine, but no clear evidence that women become more masculine after midlife. c. There is clear evidence that women become more masculine, but little indication that men become more feminine after midlife. *d. There is evidence for an expansion of gender role boundaries at midlife, but little indication of a full crossover.*

Which of the following conclusions is the most reasonable statement of current data on gender role crossover at midlife?

a. all adults presently with middle-class jobs b. all unemployed adults c. all adults who exercise regularly *d. all adults born between 1970 and 1975*

Which of the following groups would be described as a "cohort"?

a. reduction in the number of hours of deep sleep *b. reduction in the total number of hours of sleep needed* c. increase in breathing disturbances d. waking earlier in the morning

Which of the following is NOT a change in sleep patterns with increasing age in adulthood?

a. The death rate has been increasing over the past two decades. b. It is an inevitable part of aging. c. It is the leading cause of death for men in the U.S., but not for women. *d. It is the leading cause of death and disability for men and women in the U.S.*

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cardiovascular disease?

a. The overwhelming majority of siblings reported becoming more emotionally distant from their siblings with time.. b. Brothers tend to be closer with one another than are sisters. *c. People who are single tend to have stronger relationships with their siblings than those who are married.* d. People who have children tend to have stronger relationships with their siblings than those who are childless.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sibling relationships in the U.S.?

*a. negative effects in adulthood* b. a large number of children c. stable careers d. late marriage

Which of the following is a common characteristic of U.S. adults who were young children during the Great Depression of the 1930s, according to Elder's research?

*a. They allow researchers to collect information about age differences on some variable quite rapidly.* b. They allow researchers to answer questions about individual continuity over time. c. They unconfound age and cohort. d. They clarify the relationship between age and family life cycle.

Which of the following is a major argument in favor of cross-sectional research designs in the study of adulthood?

*a. the decline in neuronal speed with age* b. the increase in the rate of heart disease with age c. the increase in the rate of cancer with age d. the loss of muscle tissue with age as a result of a sedentary life style

Which of the following is the CLEAREST example of primary aging?

a. AIDS b. cancer *c. accidents* d. heart disease

Which of the following is the most common cause of death in adults between ages 25and 44 in the U.S.?

*a. experimental design* b. quasi-experimental design c. correlational design d. surveys

Which of the following research designs would be the least useful when using a sample population of a typical college freshman class to make comparisons of preretirement and postretirement exercise regimen on positive outlooks?

*a. the death of your father when you are 60 years old* b. retirement because of ill health at age 50 c. being fired from your job when you are 40 years old d. becoming a parent for the first time when you are 16 years old

Which of the following timing/experience combinations would be likely to create the LEAST stress and disruption, according to the shared experience/social clock model?

a. vocabulary *b. response speed* c. social skills d. reading comprehension

Which of the following would be considered a test of "fluid" abilities?

a. reading road signs at night b. finding a seat at the afternoon softball game c. ordering at McDonald's *d. all of the above*

Your 70-year-old father recently mentioned to you that he no longer enjoys driving at night because of glare from the headlights of oncoming traffic. Having taken this course, you are not surprised. Based on the information in the text, what other activities may prove problematic for him?

a. Cohabitation before marriage is generally a good way to prepare for marriage; those who have cohabited later have more lasting and satisfying marriages. b. Cohabitation before marriage appears to be helpful for some couples, especially those with higher levels of education. c. Cohabitation appears to be most helpful for people who have experienced the divorce of their parents. *d. Couples who are engaged before moving in together tend to have marriages as successful as those of couples who did not cohabit before marriage.*

Your friends Jeff and Lucia are considering living together as a kind of trial run, to see if they want to get married. They know you are studying psychology, and ask you whether psychologists know anything about couples who live together. Which of the following would best describe the current information?

*a. it measures what it claims to measure* b. it measures results consistently c. it provides a comparison of means d. it provides a solid positive correlation

A good standardized test has validity, which means_______.

a. the average IQ of the whole group remains the same *b. no decline in cognitive functioning occurs* c. decline occurs, but it is not extreme d. adults compensate for declines

A longitudinal sample of adults is followed over 30 years. All of the following findings are hypothesized EXCEPT _________.

*a. social role* b. biological role c. gender role d. age stratum

A woman's youngest child starts first grade and she begins working part time. This is an example of a change in a(n) _______.

a. for teenagers who are between 17-19 years old b. for young adults who are 20-27 years old c. for middle age adults who are 45-55 years old *d. for adults who are 60 years of age and older*

Across the adult years, the 12-month prevalence of most mental disorders increases from young adulthood to middle adulthood and then declines, with the lowest rates being ________________(Kessler, Berglund, Demler, et al., 2005).

a. an example of the parental imperative b. evidence of crossover of gender roles *c. dictated by the social clock* d. an example of the marital selection effect

After dating her boyfriend for only three weeks, thirty-eight-year-old Carla was excited that she was getting married, despite the fact that a few days before, she was not sure if they had much in common. Carla's decision seems to be ________.

a. has very different opinions from those of her parents. b. does not have much contact with her parents. *c. feels emotionally close to her parents.* d. has not receive any financial support from them since she graduated from high school.

Assuming that Shealeen is similar to other adult children, one would expect that she:

*a. at 20-30 years old* b. at 40-50 years old c. at 60-70 years old d. at 80-90 years old

At which age in the life cycle are adults likely to add the greatest number of new roles?

a. the size of her friendship network is about the same as it was in young adulthood. *b. she has less contact with her friends than she did when she was younger.* c. she has a smaller friendship network than her husband. d. she sees this part of her life as a time to seek information and new relationships.

Bernice is a 68-year-old female who lives in the southeast near one of her three children and her only two grandchildren. It is most likely that:

*a. cataracts* b. glaucoma c. macular degeneration d. a detached retina

Bernice is suffering from __________, the most common eye disorder found in adulthood.

a. telomeres b. resveratrol c. free radicals *d. antioxidants*

Beta-carotene and vitamin E are examples of________.

a. list making b. an external memory aid c. an IQ aid *d. an internal memory aid*

Chiante is an older adult who was taught the memory strategy of forming an image in her mind of the people's faces she met at the party and their names. This is an example of _______.

a. contract fatal diseases (such as cancer or heart disease) at about the same average ages as men, but survive longer with such diseases. b. remain in good health much longer, without significant disability or disease. *c. have more chronic health condition, but contract fatal diseases later in life.* d. contract fatal diseases at later average ages and have decreased incidences of depression and anxiety.

Compared to men, women_______.