HDFS 3710 final
this is the ability to concentrate on a portion of an experience while ignoring other features of that experience
attention
how does considering risk and balances help society can become blended?
find balance
it declines
findings on the effects of age on memory for events from the long-ago past, or remote memory, show that:
memories from distant past are not better than from the present
findings on the effects of age on memory for events from the long-ago past, or remote memory, show that:
this form of memory does not decline with age and is for important and distinct memories (sad or happy)
flashbulb
fluid intelligence
in research on the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm by Grossman and colleagues, the older adults who were seen by others as wise had lower scores on a measure of:
desirability (attraction)
in research on the attraction effect in problem solving, the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:
what does Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences call the knowledge of self and others
interpersonal intrapersonal
microsystem
people in what ecological level are the gatekeepers to intimacy? they can encourage it or stop it?
older adults use which form of coping more often?
problem focused
type of memory for recall of events that you must do in the future
prospective memory
sustained attention
research on video game training in young adults shows that these games have the effect of improving:
skip
skip
where or how information is acquired, more detailed aspects of memory
source memory
Cytokines and cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, arthritis, type 2 diabetes and cancer
Depressive symptoms can place the older adult at risk for developing which other diseases or conditions?
acceptance not included
Describe four criticisms of the Kugler-Ross theory
Alveoli
Destruction of the _______________ is a consequence of emphysema.
Pancreas
Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of which bodily organ?
needs of individuals should be met to the greatest extent possible
Discuss the implications of the competence-press model for the design of nursing home environments.
individuals in hospice has no appitite
Discussed in the guest lecture was a key sign or trigger that is often associated with the beginning phases of the dying process - what was this sign/trigger?
Older adults maintain high subjective well-being despite facing challenges
Paradox of wellbeing
Esophageal
People living in the "cancer belt" are at particular risk for which form of cancer
normal age-related changes such as wrinkles
Primary aging
34-55
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that, in 2012, the highest fatality rates were for drivers ages:
openness to experience
The Seattle Longitudinal Study (SLS) showed that people least likely to retain their intellectual abilities in later adulthood were low on the personality factor of:
distressing situations that cause changes in arousal on an aging body (harder to adapt with age)
The Theoretical Model of Strength and Vulnerability Integration is focused on what?
Complete physical, mental, and social well being
The World Health Organization defines health as having which qualities?
scaffolding
The ______ theory is a process that results in changes in brain function through strengthening of existing connections, formation of new connections, and disuse of connections that become weak?
biopsychosocial
What model that has been discussed frequently in lectures best represents the goals of the Balm of Gilead?
life course theory
What perspective or theory did Umberson and colleagues work from in their study on the effects of marital quality and health over a lifetime?
caregiver burnout
What term is used for the stress experienced from daily management of afflicted relative. emotional, physical and mental exhaustion
62
What was cited as the average age of retirement in the United States (citation was from 2007)?
Is working in later life good or bad for health
What was the objective (the purpose) of the study performed by Dr. Wickrama and colleagues?
memory used for events
episodic
microsystem
which ecological level includes the experience of intimacy with those with immediate contact to the elders may serve as educators, supporters, or influencers (caregivers)
c
which of the following is a component of the ecosystemic framework? a. family b. practitioner c. macrosystem d. spirituality
Kubler Ross
who fore fronted the hospice movement in the US?
Women in joints
One of the reasons that gerontologists are concerned about falls in older adults causing serious fractures is that bone loss is typically most likely to occur in the:
need complementarity
A couple in their 30s is thinking of getting married. One partner is very outgoing and sociable, and the other is introverted and shy. According to the ____________ hypothesis on long-term relationships, they should be very happy together.
continuity
According to ___________ theory, retirees maintain a sense of identity and therefore do not experience retirement in a negative manner
attachment
According to the ________________ view of bereavement the bereaved can continue to benefit from maintaining emotional bonds to the deceased individual.
contingency
According to the _____________theory, parents tend to give more support to their adult children who need the most help
stability
According to the correspondence principle, personality __________ is enhanced over adulthood because people selectively experience life events that reinforce their existing personalities.
The individuals personality determines whether activity or disengagement is optimal You stay the same
Continuity theory
more likely to use negative problem solving skills- ends relationship
Couples in long-term relationships characterized by emergent distress show which pattern of conflict over time?
identity assimilation
Couples who divorce seem to adapt best if, in the process, they protect each other's sense of identity, in what's referred to as:
"slide" into marriage instead of making a mindful decision
Couples whom cohabitate before getting engaged will have a higher divorce rate should they marry. The most likely contributing factor is that
The normal course of life is for older adults to loosen their social ties
Disengagement theory
deactivating
During working memory tasks, older adults have difficulty ___ the brain's default network, meaning that they are less able to focus on incoming information
loud noise
Experts worry that future generations of older adults will experience more age-related hearing loss due to which preventable behavior?
ovarian
Exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing _______ cancer.
physical impairment
Found to contribute to major depressive disorder in older adults, which condition might be overlooked by psychologists conducting an assessment?
this is a factor that contributes to the preservation of language that involves the usage of the right hemisphere more, (left is typically used for speech)
Harold model
exercise, healthy diet
Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms?
intermediate care
Health-related, but not intense nursing services are provided in a(n) __________ facility.
presbyopia
Middle-aged and older adults wear bifocals to correct for which age-related change in the eyes?
finances
Older adults in the Living Apart Together relationship status do so primarily because of which consideration?
Circadian rhythm shifts
Older adults may be more alert in the morning, and younger adults in the evening, reflecting age differences in:
parallel processing
On simple search tasks, where targets stand out relatively easy from distractors, older adults perform at higher levels, because these tasks require:
achieved
On the Marcia Identity Status Interview, emerging adults who are actively exploring alternatives in their commitment to important life areas would be in which identity status?
alveoli
One of the primary causes of aging of the respiratory system involves changes in the air sacs known as the
experience deficits in working memory
research examining the relationship between memory and stress found that people who experience daily stresses, regardless of age, are also likely to:
car crash
research from the Institute of Highway Safety shows that older drivers in the US faced with the challenge of making a left-hand turn while driving in a busy intersection are most likely to experience which outcome?
d (no relationship and costly, only primary physicians)
research has linked lonliness in older adults to all fo the follwing except: a. cardiovascular disease b. depression c. disability d. increased visits to the emergency room e. death
diffused
research on identity in emerging adults suggests that those who are most likely to engage in delinquent and drug-related behaviors are in which identity status?
planning a future event
research on prospective memory shows that older adults have more difficulty when the task involves which type of mental activity?
attentional capacity eye movements reaction time and accuracy useful field of view speed performance
research on video game training in young adults shows that these games have the effect of improving:
implicit
researchers have established that when older adults are given an___ memory test, or one in which they don't know they're being tested, they perform as well as young adults
decline in abilities
researchers have shown that when spoken to by the young with "elderspeak," older adults experience:
infantilization
researchers have shown that when spoken to by the young with "elderspeak," older adults experience:
what term? Exemplary person to identify with and learn from, proving individuals with motivation and pathways to success
role model
neuroplasticity
scaffolding theory in the area of cognitive aging comes closest to which concept in the area of aging and the nervous system?
disease-related impairments during aging process such as diabetes
secondary aging
Why use a humanistic approach to understand the implications of success?
see how its changed over time
this form of memory does not decline with age and is for recalling word meanings and factual information
semantic
in ________ studies of aging, researchers collect data from more than one cohort at more than one time period.
sequential design
what perspective says Personalities influence their wellbeing throughout life
set point
this is a way to study attention that uses parallel processing to pick which one is different from the rest. (only one difference)
simple search
type of aging: effects of exposure to a certain environment
social aging
driving is necessary to live independently is what part of the biopsychosocial view of driving and aging
sociocultural
what theory says as individuals age people structure the nature and range of their relationships to maximize gains and minimize risks
socioemotional selectivity
Being influenced by social attitudes towards aging
stereotype threat
this pathway maintains consistent life pattern and is defensive about change
straight and narrow way
what occurs when a Situation that is perceived as overwhelming and you doubt your ability to manage it?
stress
what is it called when institutions are resistant to change? this needs to be considered for society to become blended.
structural lag
internal distractions causing anxiety
the model of self-regulation and driving predicts that if an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of:
kidney
the nephron is the cell responsible for the efficiency of which organ in the body?
problem-solving abilities
the pragmatics of intelligence, in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, emphasizes which type of abilities?
problem-solving abilities (real life)
the pragmatics of intelligence, in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, emphasizes which type of abilities?
neuroticism and conscientiousness
the psychologist testing a 78-year-old new client administered the NEO-PI-R as part of a neuropsychological assessment. She noted that the client has markedly high scores on an Alzheimer's screening test. According to research on the Five Factor Model and Alzheimer's disease risk, which scale of the NEO-PI-R is likely to be abnormally high?
keep information temporarily available and active in consciousness
the role of the central executive in working memory is to:
inhibit irrelevant information
the tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter" or an inability to:
what theory says changes in defense mechanisms used to cope with problems change as you grow older
theory of defense mechanisms
client-centered care
this is the approach to service that incorporates respect for and partnership with clients as active participants in the therapy process. this approach emphazies the client's knowledge and experienece, strengths, capactity for choice, and overall autonomy
type of memory that you are unable to remember information that you knew at one time
tip of the tongue
give meaning to information (such as using in a sentence)
training older adults to use "deep processing" to encode information more fully would involve having them flow which procedure?
putting words in sentences (give meaning to information)
training older adults to use "deep processing" to encode information more fully would involve having them flow which procedure?
the five factor model of personality fits into which overall category of psychological theories?
trait
this pathway includes overcoming challenges. resilient
triumphant trial
When considering the importance of family on policies of aging societies (Rowe, 2015) it IS important to consider the evolution of family structure, such as childless families and the 'sandwich generation' effect?
true
true
true or false: practitioners still do not discuss intimacy in later life
what are 3 criticisms of Rowe and Khan's definition of successful aging
unclear, psychological traits and social context not considered
behavioral
The ______________approach to marital satisfaction predicts greater happiness when couples engage in positive behaviors such as expressing affection.
executive functioning
The abilities to plan, use working memory, allocate mental resources to incoming tasks, and inhibit information are included in the cognitive skill known in psychology as:
DHEA
The adrenopause observed in older adults reflects age-related changes in which hormone?
thyroid hormones
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?
Excessive alcohol consumption and obesity
The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:
Remaining neurons take over functions of dying ones
The concept of plasticity in the nervous system refers to the fact that:
Alzheimer's
The condition known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is used in cases involving:
Moderate
The family of an 83-year-old woman is distressed to learn that her recent development of the inability to get herself dressed, along with other memory problems, suggests that she is in which stage of Alzheimer's disease?
finial obligation
The greatest degree of filial _________is likely to be experienced by Asian American families.
possible self
The idea of what you could become at some point in the future is known as your:
Denial of Death
The idea that Western culture is unwilling to accept the reality of mortality led Ernest Becker to write the critique of this attitude, called:
resource
The idea that people are able to draw on their physical, psychological, and social capabilities to allow them to adjust to retirement is referred to as the ________ model.
Chronic emphysema
The increased release of elastase stimulated by cigarette smoking is thought to be a cause of which disease?
life story
The inner narrative that people create of their experiences up to the present point is called the:
intermediate care
The least amount of nursing services is provided in what type of in-patient facility for older adults?
16.6
The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder is estimated to be ____%.
for profit
The majority of nursing homes in the U.S. fall into which category of ownership?
infection control
The number one deficiency in U.S. nursing homes in 2014, involving 43% of all institutions, was:
doing gender
The phenomenon in families known as ____________ describes what happens when parents behave in stereotypically gendered ways
gender
The phenomenon known as doing _________ occurs after the transition to parenthood, when men and women adopt more stereotyped roles in the household.
Beta amyloid
The plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease are made up of which substance?
coping
The quality of _______________ refers being able to the ability to recover from stress.
adapt
The quality of resilience, in terms of coping, refers to an individual's ability to:
associational dimension
The relatives in a young woman's family see each other only for major holidays and family events on average about two or three times a year, even though they live within 30 minutes from each other. Based on this information, you would rate this family as on the negative end of which dimension of the Intergenerational Solidarity Model?
improve health
The role of grand parenting to aging individuals is shown by researchers to:
only remaining members of their original family and have known each other longer than they have known anyone else
The sibling relationship in later adulthood is unique because siblings typically:
developmental schism
The situation in families when parents and their adult children no longer want to be with each other and, in fact, no longer value the relationship is known as a(n):
decrease of GH
The somatopause of aging involves changes in which hormones?
Extreme anxiety about being watched by others and fear of public embarrassment
The symptoms of social anxiety disorder involve, specifically, which types of thoughts and feelings?
Eat a diet that includes a balance of foods containing protein, complex carbs, and fats
The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:
6 months to live, reside in service area
What are some of the eligibility requirements for entering hospice?
aesthetics and safety convenience postive regard and mutual help fromm neighbors attractiveness and ease
What are the four major categories of community-based services and facilities?
usual, decision for retirement does not involve family new mode- spruce and family play role in retirement decisions and adjustment
What differentiates the "new mode" approach from the "usual" mode of retirement?
Do not ressesitste allowed natural death
What do DNR and AND stand for?
both bad and good
What is an ambivalent social relationship?
marriages becomes more meaningful as we age Cumulative marital strain becomes more apparent in older age
What is one given reason for why age is relevant when considering the relationship between marital quality and health?
providing social support and beginning an activity program at a low intensity and gradually working up to a moderate intensity
What is one proposed strategy for increasing physical activity levels among older adults?
obtain support from others
What is social network substitution?
9.3% (22.5 million)
What is the approximate percent of adults 50 to 54 who use illicit drugs?
14%
What is the approximate percentage of grandparents raising grandchildren who are 60 years and older?
alleviate physical pain/discomfort
What is the first priority of the Balm of Gilead palliative care services?
promoting a good death
What was the overarching theme that emerged from the qualitative data on the study of promoting health and well-being at the end of life?
homelessness is unacceptable
What were some of the acceptable places of residence for receiving hospice care? What was mentioned as an unacceptable place of residence (i.e. they were ineligible to receive hospice care)?
filial maturity
When children reach the age at which they enter adulthood, they and their parents experience a phenomenon
press
Within the competence-press model of adaptation to the institutional environment, which dimension captures the extent to which the environment places demands on the individual resident?
remarry
Women who adapt more favorably to widowhood tend to be those women who
incongruent
Workers who fail to develop as optimally as possible are, in Holland's theory, referred to as:
flashbulb
according to research on this type of memory, older adults are able to remember distinctive historical events as well as do younger adults
conjunction visual
according to the age complexity hypothesis, this type of search task would present the greatest challenge to a normally-aging older adulg
inhibitory deficit hypothesis
according to this hypothesis about the effects of aging on attention, older adults take longer to respond because they are unable to ignore distracting or interfering stimuli
high in commitment and exploration
achieved
on the Marcia identity status interview, emerging adults who are balanced and are actively exploring alternatives in their commitment to important life areas would be in which identity status?
achieved
relevant information greater experience
as shown in research on decision-making, one advantage that older problem-solvers seem to possess involves their greater ability to make the most out of:
merging/yielding making left turns
crowded intersections pose a particular risk for older adults not only because of the many cars, but because they often have difficulty:
this type of intelligence is the acquisition of specific skills including language, knowledge and culture
crystalized
what type of intelligence do you use to Solve problems with prior learning and past experience
crystalized
older adults who eat a diet that includes food rich in _____ are likely to experience some cognitive benefits. A. Beta carotene B. Ginko biloba C. Red meat D. Omega 3
d
event-related potentials (ERPs)
data from studies measuring the brain's electrical activation to stimuli, also known as this, show that older adults are less able to inhibit irrelevant information
this form of memory is a circuit in the brain that remains active while the brain is at rest
default network
the telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to....
destruction of the ends of chromosomes
Recognition that truth is not always a given, or 100% accepted
dialectal thinking
low in commitment and exploration
diffused
this pathway shows self-defeating behaviors and poor decisions
downward slope
Infantilizing and patronizing speech
elder speech
what type of coping involves crying about a sitution, drinking, screaming,.... etc
emotion focused
older adults care more about which type of relationship?
emotional
anniversary reaction
emotional reaction that may occur on the date of certain anniversaries. may continue for 35 years or more after death of spouse
what is it called when the ego develops in a way that builds upon previous life stages?
epigenetic principle
who's developmental theory says The ego matures throughout an individuals life by building upon previous life stages
eriksons psychosocial
what theory says Mutation that occur over a life time in mitochondrial DNA may cause aging like changes
error catastrophic
metabolic syndrome
even in the absence of a neurocognitive disorder, people at risk of which medical condition are more likely to experience significant memory loss?
higher order cognitive skills needed to make decisions, plans, and allocate mental resources to a task
executive functioning
what grows by being bilingual?
executive functioning
outgoing and sociable (part of the big 5)
extroversion
what do the baby boom problems suggest about the younger generations?
lack of health care prevention
in ________ studies of aging, researchers collect data from one cohort over one time period.
longitudinal
high consciences and neuroticism
lower levels of IL-6 were associated in research on the MIDUS with which FFM personality trait?
stereotype threat
making older adults conscious about their age during a memory test is likely to trigger the condition known as, in which their performance actually becomes worse
this pathway fails to settle on a course in life and constantly searches for identity
meandering way
this seeks to identify and explain the process that underlies the relationship. Process/mechanism that explains why relationship occurs
mediator
the confidence that you have in your memory
memory self-efficay
in the bronfenbrenner ecological model of development which type of system has the most direct impact on the individual
microsystem
working memory
older bilingual speakers show performance deficits on which measure of executive functioning?
working memory (Stroop task)
older bilingual speakers show performance deficits on which measure of executive functioning?
willingness to entertain new ideas. (part of the big 5)
openness
Changes that improve the individuals functioning and serve as Age-related gains
optimal aging
who composes the majority of health care spending?
over 80
long and easy
people that are 20% happier are those that though life was what?
inhibitory control
performance of older adults on the Stroop color-word task provides evidence of effects of aging on:
type of aging: changes within the individual that reflects times passage
personal aging
A persons characteristic way of feeling or behaving
personality
what theory says Individuals view of the self guides the choice and pursuit of future endeavors?
possible selves theory
Ability of adults to structure thinking above and beyond that of an adolescent
post-formal operations
type of coping that involves finding a solution through time management or social support
problem focused
Evaluating older adults ability to handle situations such as finances, monitoring their debts, instrumental activities of daily living
problem solving
are most familiar (clear end Goal and strategies)
problems in everyday life that are the easiest to solve for older adults are those that:
are most familiar (involve definite, well-stated goals)
problems in everyday life that are the easiest to solve for older adults are those that:
this form of memory does not decline with age and is for recall of actions
procedural
amount of time it takes for an individual to analyze incoming information from senses and then prepare a response
processing speed
How could we focus on human capitol and make society become more blended?
provide education and training resources
what perspective focuses on unconscious motived and impulses that express them selves in peoples personalities or behaviors
psychodynamic perspective
Internal distractions causing anxiety are examples of what part of the biopsychosocial view of driving and aging
psychology
what ego is more focused on those around you, and less about self
quiet
the measure of processing speed
reaction time
People influence and are influenced by the events in their lives
reciprocity principle
type of memory with information from the distant past
remote memory
what are the three strategies for policy analysis?
remove dependency ratio, multiple policy options, study intergenerational effects
smoking behaviors
research conducted by Lodi-Smith comparing personality and preventive behaviors found that observer-rated personality traits were correlated with which measure relevant to health?
View of development as complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social professes
Biopsychological perspective
cognitive tasks
Brinley plots illustrating the slowing of reaction time in older adults typically involve which type of data
Ageism is another ism (intersectionality)
Multiple jeopardy hypothesis
aids
The majority of employees of nursing homes fall into which category?
the predicament in the communication predicament model of aging and language refers to the fact that older people, because they appear to be in need of care, are talked to by others in ways that cause them to become A. Overly independent B. Less able to care for themselves C. Depressed about their future D. Medically unstable
b
this type of intelligence is used with memory, problem solving and basic knowledge
fluid
lack of commitment but high in exploration
moratorium
Glaucoma
A build-up of pressure within the eyeball is involved in which form of blindness that affects older adults?
Over ____% of population will be above 65 years old by 2050
25
Boomers represent ___% of the US population
44
at what are are the highest fatality rates involving driving
55-34
authentic
60-year-old accountant feels satisfied with the life choices she's made even though she's still open to making changes in the future. Which of the five pathways in the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study best describes her?
meandering
63-year-old man has never felt that he could settle on a career, and has explored three completely different areas of work since completing his medical degree at age 30. This man would fit which life pathway as described from research on the RALS?
Young old
65-74
old-old
75-84
how many stages does eriksons theory have?
8
oldest old
85 plus
is focused on achieving stability and attempt to remain within the same job
A 25yearold man with a bachelor's degree in English recently started working in a publishing firm that specializes in news magazines. In Super's theory, he would be characterized as being in the Establishment stage because he:
avoidant
A 34-year-old woman is struggling to overcome her extreme anxiety that her friends will desert her, so she tends to stay away from making new friendships. According to the attachment style perspective, she would be considered to be _________ in her attachment style.
anxiety disorders
A 45-year-old man Is concerned because his 70-year-old mother seems unusually restless, tense, irritable, and prone to worrying. It is possible that his mother has developed which psychological disorder?
patterned hair loss
A 55-year-old man has a common age-related condition known as androgenic alopecia. This means that he is experiencing:
COPD
A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ____________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Prevalence of immature and higher prevalence of mature personality disorders
A 67-year-old former embezzler out on parole sees a court-ordered therapist each week. The therapist observes in her notes that he seems to be a good example of the maturation hypothesis. This means that the former convict shows which behavior?
ocd
A 67-year-old woman is constantly organizing and re-organizing her kitchen cabinets, wanting every cup, plate, glass, and utensil to be in exactly the "right" place. Her behavior causes her distress, and although she would like to stop, she can't help herself. This behavior would be
osteoarthritis
A 72-year-old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, thus increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as:
overweight
A BMI in the range of 25-29.9 places the individual in the category of:
disillusionment
A couple who had initially seemed destined to remain together for years, if not decades, surprised their families when they announced their impending divorce. Neither of them could cite a particular problem; it's just they felt they grew apart. This pattern of long-term relationship is known as:
skilled nursing facility
A hospital social worker decides that one of her patients, an 82-year-old man who is recovering from a stroke, needs to be in a facility that provides him with rehab, round-the-clock nursing care, and help with planning his return to his own home. These kind of services are likely to be found in which type of long-term care facility?
unconscious
A major emphasis of psychodynamic theory is understanding the use of ________________ in adulthood.
rewards outweighs the cost
A marriage therapist working from the social exchange theory of interpersonal relationships would attempt to assess whether the partners in a distressed couple feel that:
Alzheimer's
A mental health clinician is evaluating an older adult patient referred for neuropsychological testing. The clinician recognizes that small changes in cognitive functioning, occurring in stepwise manner, may most likely be due to which condition?
slight decline in marital satisfaction
A meta-analysis of studies on satisfaction among couples before and after birth of the first child showed that, compared to non-parents, the parents showed:
underweight
A middle-aged man is worried that his 83-year-old mother may develop osteoporosis, a reasonable concern because she is
consensual dimension
A middle-aged man was disappointed that his family reunion was spoiled when the older relatives clashed with the younger relatives about the most recent presidential election. No matter what he did, it was impossible for him to get each side to see the other's point. According to the Intergenerational Solidarity Model, the generations were separated by:
immune dysfunction
A natural shrinking with age of the thymus gland contributes to the process known as
continence (quality of life)
A new administrator in a nursing home in a large city is concerned because the staff are not providing what she feels is adequate training in bladder continence. She feels this should be a priority because she knows that incontinence is associated with which problem in nursing home residents?
slower reaction time internal distractions
A psychological factor affecting the driving performance of older adults is:
compensated for lack of parental support
A study in the Netherlands of parents and adult children testing the Intergenerational Solidarity Model showed that when parents had poor relationships with their children, the siblings:
identity is wrapped up in parent role, lack of control over children's lives, lack of support network, few or only one child, worried about Childs safety and well-being
A study of Canadian parents showed that the greatest difficulty in adapting to the empty nest was experienced by parents who
saturated fats
A true Mediterranean diet would include relatively little of which type of food?
dual-processing coping
A woman grieving after the sudden and unexpected death of her husband is engaged in the "restoration" function of bereavement. This means that she:
74,800
A woman would like to have her mother cared for in one of the best nursing homes in her town, but is unable to afford the cost which, for a private pay facility would be about $____ thousand per year.
role reversal
A young woman feels that her parents treated her too much like an adult when she was growing up, giving her more responsibility than even she felt she could handle. This situation reflects a relationship characterized by:
terror management
According to the perspective known as ________________ Theory, activating a person's thoughts about death may trigger a set of positive changes, including closer relationships, greater creativity, and more connection to others.
Older adults that are better adjusted when they remain involved in their social roles
Activity theory
redemptive self
Adults who are currently involved in developing their sense of generativity may be concerned not only about others, but about their own legacy, a process referred to as:
congruence
After several years at his current job as a sales manager, a 50yearold man decides he would rather remain a sales manager than do anything else because it suits his personality and interests. Based on the RIASEC model, you would expect that his score on a measure of career _________ would therefore be higher than would someone else's score who did not desire a career change.
All older adults are viewed in the same way, everyone is equal
Age-as-leveler-
an elder
Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is receiving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery. Luckily his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as:
an elder (Mr. Nino)
Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is receiving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery. Luckily his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as:
Light exercise, diet with protein calcium and magnesium, yoga!
An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees, shoulders, and wrists. If you were her physical therapist, you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in:
feels like home (better adaptation)
An advantage of the Green House model of institutional care for older adults is that it:
1298
As of 2015, the average monthly benefit for Social Security was approximately $________:
security emotionally and physically
Attachment theorists propose that older adults seek relationships in which they can experience a "safe haven," which includes such sources as:
25
Based on prevalence data, older adults with bipolar disorder were most likely to have developed it by the time they reached the age of about:
Long term relationships are preferred More maximum positive effects
Based on socioemotional selectivity theory, members of a couple in a long-term relationship should show which pattern of social interaction in relation to their friends and social network?
Activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living
Because it focuses on the degree of independence an older adult is able to maintain, it is important to healthcare practitioners to measure instrumental activities of daily living. This measure includes which type of criteria?
divorce proneness
Because many adults enter into remarriages more likely to leave because they are open to the relationship's ending, they are said to be high on the factor known as
neuronal fallout
Because neurons do not replace themselves when they die, proponents of the ___________ model believe that aging inevitably involves declines in brain structures and functions.
good death
Being able to die in a way that protects the individual's sense of autonomy and control over end-of-life decisions is consistent with the idea of:
boundraryless
Being able to find a ________________ career, in which people are not tied to a particular company or organization, might be difficult during times of a tight economy.
what says Less likely to judge, and more likely to appreciate individuality
Berlin wisdom paradigm
what says Wisdom is a form of expert knowledge in the pragmatics of life
Berlin wisdom paradigm
mature
Beth is a middle-aged woman is quite annoyed with her boss, who is constantly asking that she complete time-consuming tasks right before the end of the day. Without realizing it, Beth finds herself completing the tasks, but doing so with occasional mistakes that her boss doesn't even notice. According to Vaillant, Beth is using what type of defense mechanism?
cognitive tasks older and younger adult data
Brinley plots illustrating the slowing of reaction time in older adults typically involve which type of data
collagen
Changes with age in the dermis layer of the skin are associated with age-related alterations in which protein, also found in connective tissue throughout the body?
obstruction of airflow
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is almost always caused by:
Other disorders that look similar can be reversible if treated
Clinicians seek to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other neurocognitive disorders as soon as possible in their patients primarily because:
what model of successful aging says the way one talks about aging Influences how they think about aging Which leads to ability to successfully age
Communicative ecology
assistance at their own residence
Home health services typically include what types of support for older adults?
Long term relationships are preferred more maximum positive effects
How does Socioemotional Selectivity Fit into the study of older adults' social networks?
donations took 10 years
How was the building site for St. Mary's hospice center funded? How long did it take to complete the building process?
Twisting of microtubules in the neurons within the brain
In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles cause what changes to occur within the brain?
body
In Ancient Egypt, the ______________ was considered to be the guidebook to ensure that an individual would be guided through the underworld and into the afterlife.
Parkinson's
In ________________ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance.
were not supportive
In a test of the intergenerational solidarity model, researchers found that siblings were likely to exchange more help with each other when their parents:
Balance between contributions to a relationship
In equity theory, partners are seen as having the highest marital satisfaction if they:
Atherosclerosis
In the disease known as ________________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.
hoarding
In the disorder known as _______________, individuals continually collect objects that they don't need, are unable to throw out those objects, and may clutter up their homes to the point of being almost unlivable.
self efficacy
In the workfamily enrichment framework, the psychological resources category includes which component?
changes between people
Interindividual differences
changes within the individual
Intraindiviual difference
what theory says modeling creates new behaviors and increases self-efficacy
Learning theory
routine (able to live at home with visits) respite (stay in hospice for 5 days to give caregiver break) general inpatient (lives in hospice round the clock care) continuous (nurse stays in invidividual home till can move to hospice care)
List and describe the levels of hospice care provided: ___ ___ ____ ____
infection control accident environment food sanitation quality of care unnecessary drugs
List the top five deficiencies noted in the 1997 survey of U.S. nursing homes. Why do you think these problems exist?
grains greens nuts beans
Long live people all across the globe exhibit the same 9 traits which may be linked to increased longevity. one of these 9 traits was a healthy diet, what are the 4 key ingredients to a healthy diet?
Interference with sleep cycles
Melatonin supplements, occasionally used by older adults to offset changes with age, may have unwanted effects such as:
improve the mental health of the grandparents
Mental health workers who serve the older adult population are concerned about the skip generation family because they believe it has the potential to:
a. Abdominal obesity over 35 inches b. More than 150 mg/dl of Triglycerides c. HDL cholesterol less than 50 mg/dl d. Hugh blood pressure e. Fasting glucose
Metabolic syndrome, a condition that places an individual at risk for heart disease and diabetes, involves which of the following criteria for women?
invisible
Moving dying patients from the home to hospitals in mid-20th Century Western culture has led to the ethos of the _________ death.
presbyopia
Normal age-related changes in the lens of the eye results in which condition that afflicts all older adults?
beating
Normal changes in the _______________ of the heart seem to play a central role in the aging of the cardiovascular system.
Aerobic capacity - amount heart can beat
Normal changes in the cardiovascular system with age in adulthood are reflected in a lowering of which measure?
Animal phobias and heights
Of all forms of specific phobia, which of the following is most prevalent in the adult population?
anxiety disorders
Of the following, which category of disorders has the highest lifetime prevalence?
Being trapped or stranded during a panic attack
People who have the anxiety disorder known as agoraphobia fear what type of situation?
Less physical activity, depression, stress, economic hardship, loss of social support
Soon after becoming widows, research shows that women exhibit which of the following behaviors that relate to their health?
It's a cognitive impairment or physical symptom
Psychologists may fail to recognize the symptoms of major depressive disorder in an older adult because they mistakenly assume that:
career plateauing
Reaching a point in your vocational development where you no longer feel that you are growing might keep you at the:
formed problem-solving skills and established patterns early (enduring dynamics)
Research on satisfaction in close, long-term relationships shows that the couples who are most likely to get along well in their later years were those who:
irritability with self and others
Researchers studying borderline personality disorder tendencies in older adults found those high in neuroticism to be more likely to show ______________ in which they create more problems in their lives.
muscle fibers
Sarcopenia is associated with age-related changes in the
what theory says Aging individuals begin to compensate for losses by adjusting goals to focus on highest priorities
Selective optimization with compensation
what Shows the extent of relationship between two variables
Simple correlation design
married with children
Since 1970, of the following, there has been the greatest decrease in U.S. households that fall into the category of
what model says Demographic and social structural variables account for individual differences in well being
Social indicator model
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Summarize the five stages of dying in the theory of Kübler-Ross.
true self
Super's theory, unlike Holland's, assumes that people strive to express their __________ in their vocation.
socioemotional selectivity theory
Supporting the theory known as ____________, Isaacowitz's research on eye movements showed that older people prefer to look at the happy parts of a face.
physical
Symptoms of depression in persons over the age of 65 are more likely to take which form compared to symptoms shown in younger adults?
Seeing older adults remind us of our mortality
Terror management theory
ego maturing
The "ego" in ego psychology approaches to adult development and aging refers to the fact that these theories emphasize:
dependent on others
The "predicament" in the communication predicament model of aging and language refers to the fact that older people, because they appear to be in need of care, are talked to by others in ways that cause them to become:
Eat higher amounts of fats
The "stroke" belt received its name because people living in this region tend to
MDD
The DSM-5 considers extreme grief past a 2-week period following the loss of a close relative or friend to fit the criteria for which disorder?
changes in the nervous system
The General Slowing Hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower primarily because of:
When one hemisphere of the brain experiences difficulties the other takes over
The HAROLD model of plasticity and brain aging proposes that older adults show which pattern when completing cognitive tasks compared to younger adults?
widowhood
The ___________ effect refers to the fact that widows are more likely to die after losing their spouse
intergenerational stake
The ____________ ________hypothesis about families with adult children proposes that: Parents are higher in affectual solidarity toward their children than children are toward their parents
maximum health expectancy
The __________________ is the length of time an individual can live without significant disease and disability.
Cardiovascular disease
The training of health professionals to work with the older population should, based on trends in chronic disease prevalence, involve knowledge about coping with which type of illness?
this theory says role models help define self-concepts
Theory of identification
gender gap
There is complete parity between men and women in terms of full-time wages within what occupational classification?
palliative
This form of care provides people with relief from symptoms such as nausea, pain, and dyspnea as well as some services such as physical and occupational therapy.
age-complexity hypothesis
This hypothesis proposes that older adults are disproportionately slower on tasks that are more difficult
shifted thoughts on death (gave dying dignity)
Those who study death and dying believe that the main outcome of the work of Kübler-Ross was her emphasis on:
false
True or False: Hospice care requires that family be defined and limited to only immediate blood relatives?
Sudden
Unlike memory loss caused by Alzheimer's disease, the symptoms of vascular dementia may be:
Mental illnesses including psychological distortions
Unlike the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), the International Classification of Diseases makes possible diagnosis of which conditions?
slow-wave sleep
Unlike younger adults, neither middle-aged nor older individuals show a benefit to memory of having a greater amount of ___ sleep
mixed findings
Was past research consistent or were there disagreements on whether or not working into the later years was good or bad for individuals?
older participants
What age group were the effects of marital quality most pervasive for individual health (i.e. when poor marital quality was reported what age group had the worst health effects?)
People on Medicare can now pay the same out of pocket expense for mental health that they would for medical care
When mental health parity for Medicare was passed in 2008 by the U.S. Congress, this meant that older adults could receive which benefit?
home
Where do most people say they want to be able to die?
both are considered aspects of competence
Where do the amount of activity and cognitive demands placed on the individual fit within the competence-press model?
comprehension-knowledge domain-specific knowledge reading and writing quantitative knowledge
Which ability fits within the CHC model of intelligence under the category of acquired knowledge of systems?
A
Which best matches the description of respite care (i.e. one of the levels of care provided by hospice)? A. A designated time a patient may come to stay at a hospice center to provide a caregiver a break and to avoid caregiver burnout B. A brief time where a hospice patient stays in the hospital for a thorough check-up C. A patient is at a level when they are mostly functional, but need nutritional assistance D. Described as a time when a patient is visibly near the end of life and needs intensive care
Alzheimer's
Which disorder is thought to be caused in part by malfunction of the APP gene?
women
Which group in the population is at particularly high risk for developing osteoporosis?
ach
Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the memory loss of Alzheimer's disease?
no sunglasses
Which of the following is a documented risk factor for developing cataracts?
mood and anxiety
Which psychological disorders are most prevalent among residents of nursing homes?
home health services
Which type of care for older adults provides such services as Meals on Wheels, friendly visiting, assistance with household tasks, and rehabilitation, outside of an institutional setting?
elderspeak
While checking in on an older adult patient whose husband is visiting her in the hospital, a nurse's aid finds them holding hands and kissing. The aide immediately laughs and says "That's so cute!" What is the aide's behavior referred to in the psychology of aging?
crystallized intelligence rises throughout adulthood into the 70s
While playing words with friends, with her 72 y/o grandmother, Fran is shocked to find that she is losing badly because her grandmother just seems to know so many more words. Fran's grandmother is illustrating the fact that:
medicate, medicaid, private insurance, self pay/ charity care
Who covers costs associated with hospice?
thickening and hardening of the arteries
You're the health care professional treating a 72-year-old woman who you determine suffers from arteriosclerosis. In explaining this condition to her, you inform her that this condition specifically is defined as involving:
400-459
Your college degree (in the U.S.) will earn you approximately $____ per week beyond the wages of a high school graduate.
type a (hostility)
a cardiologist/Dr. Al Fresco/ sees many middle-aged and older patients who suffer from heart disease and all seem to share a certain personality trait. Based on longitudinal research on adults from college through midlife, which personality trait is this likely to be?
self-regulate (which type of driving areas they should avoid) wear seat belts
a factor in the driving behavior of older adults is that, compared to younger adults, they are more likely to:
Conscientiousness
a large meta-analysis of research on six major personality traits showed the largest and steadiest increase on which trait?
anxious
a middle-aged man, currently unattached, finds himself constantly longing to be as close as possible to his romantic partners. Eventually, his partners always leave him because he seems to be so clingy. Which type of attachment style does this man seem to have?
inhibit distracting information allocating mental resources to one task
a middle-aged psychologist is concerned about his father's driving because he worries that his father seems to be showing slips in his executive functioning. This means that the father is having the most difficulty in which aspect of driving?
assess the situation
a technical repairperson is trying to determine the cause of a recent outage. The first step in the problem-solving is needed to repair the damage is for the repairperson to:
perform consistently with negative stereotypes
according to research on stereotype threat, when older adults are made to feel aware of their age in a memory study, they will:
perform worse
according to research on stereotype threat, when older adults are made to feel aware of their age in a memory study, they will:
what theory says Early relationships set the stage for later development and relationships
adult attachment
changes are continuous over the life span, only the survivors grow old, normal aging is different from disease and individuality matters are all principles of what
adult development and aging
in the Seattle longitudinal study Changes in intelligence were reflected by effects of what 3 things?
age, cohort, and time of measurement
what are the 3 factors that influence performance on psychological assessments
age, cohort, time
what hypothesis for reaction time slowing says as tasks become more complex older adults perform more poorly because processing resources are becoming more and more stretched thin
age-complexity
Form of stereotyping based on age that can have many negative consequences
ageism
get along with others (part of the big 5)
agreeableness
reminiscence bump
although you may not realize it right now, the years of your late adolescence and early adulthood are likely to be best remembered by you in the future due to the phenomenon known as:
presbyopia
an older adult's ability to drive may be affected by which normal age-related changes in vision?
presbyopia (sensitivity to glare)
an older adult's ability to drive may be affected by which normal age-related changes in vision?
how do you combat the free radicals from forming?
antioxidants
Older adults are less likely to experience ______ attachment
anxious
gerativity (quiet ego(
as people get older they should, according to Bauer, care less about themselves and more about others, an increase in what he calls:
informational
as pointed out in socioemotional selectivity theory, people who value the _________ function of their relationships are likely to seek advice and practical tips from the people with whom they spend time.
info from prior experience
as shown in research on decision-making, one advantage that older problem-solvers seem to possess involves their greater ability to make the most out of:
what theory says older adults have fewer resources and have a greater difficulty with attention tasks.
attentional resources theory
this pathway achieves solid identity commitments through exploration and change
authentic road
this form of memory does not decline with age and is for recalling information from the past (happy)
autobiographical
all but the following are high priority domains of analysis? a. intergenerational relations b. impact of divorce c. productivity in all ages (retired functionality) d. human capitol development (education and skill training) e. health
b
in Erickson's theory which of the following behaviors would be considered specficic to a person high in generativity? a/ beocming independent from one's parents b. mentoring a younger college c. investing in a risky new financial venture
b
teacher
based on a study carried out in The Netherlands on verbal fluency and working memory, you would be most likely to preserve these important cognitive skills if you became a:
make better decisions about what to purchase
based on what researchers have discovered about the attraction effect, it is likely that in considering their behavior as consumers older adults should be more likely to:
what wisdom model says Wise people are experts in the pragmatics of intelligence, they can apply knowledge to solutions for real life problems
bates wisdom model
traits guide....
behavior
connectivity among networks in the brain (executive functioning)
bilingual adults benefit because the task-switcbing required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:
excutive functioning
bilingual adults benefit because the task-switcbing required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:
Changes in vision and reaction time is an example of what part of the biopsychosocial view of driving and aging
biology
researchers use this to help see the variance of reaction times for cognitive tasks
brinley plot
24.78
by 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that approximately ___% of the labor force will be 55 and older.
gestures and facial expressions
by interpreting the paralinguistic elements of speech, such as ___, older adults can compensate for not hearing every word spoken to them in a conversation
context
by using this to guide them, older adults can compensate for age-related changes in memory and speed when comprehending language
context (paralinguistic elements)
by using this to guide them, older adults can compensate for age-related changes in memory and speed when comprehending language
Research on prospective memory shows that older adults have more difficulty when the task involves which type of mental activity? A. Recalling someone's name B. Solving a crossword puzzle C. Planning a future event D. Remembering a past event
c
based on what researcher have discovered about the attraction effect, it is likely that in considering their behavior as consumers older adults should be more likely to: A. Buy products marketed with traditional logos B. Prefer commercials that have softer music C. Make better decisions about what to purchase D. Waste money by giving into false advertising
c
while playing words with friends with her 72 year old grandmother, Sarah is shocked to find that she is losing badly because her grandmother seems to know so many more words. Sarah's grandmother is illustrating the fact that: A. Older adults are superior to younger adults in inductive reasoning B. Later life is associated with much faster response speed C. Secondary abilities improve but primary abilities decline later life D. Crystallized intelligence rises throughout adulthood into the 70s
c
working memory
changes in which type of memory are most likely to affect the ability of an older adult to put words together in a sentence to convey the intended meaning?
By 2050 who will have 90 million people over 80? (highest amount)
china
this is a way we define aging by the number of years you've been alive
chronological age
this refers to the way the mind works
cognition
what is the most widely studied topic in agin
cognitive processing
what are some behavioral patterns of a type A personality?
competitive, urgency, achievement oriented
what concept says we are motivated to be out best version, we merge models to create an ideal self?
concept of possible selves
this is a way to study attention that involves serial processing. The object differs in more than one way from the distractors.
conjunction search
attention to detail, older adult grow the most in this (part of the big 5)
consciousness
HAROLD
consistent with this model of aging and neuroplasticity, older adults are able to compensate by using the right hemisphere in processing language instead of the left
Changes that people experience in later adulthood build on the experiences they had in their earlier years
continuity principle
actions taking to relieve stress
coping
what Explains how personality and experiences interact? personalities affect life choices, which in turn affect personalities
correspondence principle
what theory says the strands of collagen molecules start to become intertwined as we age, causing the molecules to become increasingly more rigid and smaller
cross linking theory
what type of research method takes place at a single point in time, doesn't manipulate variables, and does not answer why questions?
cross-sectional
confusing signs/pedestrians
crowded intersections pose a particular risk for older adults not only because of the many cars, but because they often have difficulty:
what are 2 type of intelligence
fluid crystalized
High in commitment and low in exploration
foreclosed
the ability of adolescents and adults to use logic to arrive at a solution of a complex problem
formal operations
what theory says Cause of aging is the increased activity of unstable oxygen molecules
free radical
this is a way we define aging by how well you do your daily activities and function independently
functional age
what hypothesis for reaction time slowing says its caused by a general decline of information processing speed within the nervous system?
general slowing
what stage involves caring for or investing in the future of other generations?
generativtiy
thoery that proposes that adjustment to aging can be conceptualized as involving 3 processes 1) Identity assimilation 2) Identity accommodation 3) Identity balance
identity process theory
this theory describes the degree of commitment and exploration of an individual
identity status
this form of memory does not decline with age and is for recall of information that you didnt mean to store like trivia
implicit
perceived femininity
in a longitudinal research on ego development in women conducted by Helson and her colleagues at Mills College, the results showed that during the years of adulthood, women decreased in:
name earlier items presented in a series
in an n-back task, used to assess working memory, participants are asked to:
repeat the "nth" item back in a list of items presented to you in serial order
in an n-back task, used to assess working memory, participants are asked to:
As indicated by research guidelines
in general, guidelines for receiving cancer screening recommend that patients undergo systematic tests:
focus on important factors instead of irrelevant ones (e.g. attraction effect)
in solving everyday problems, older adults typically show which pattern of performance compared to younger adults?
focus on important factors instead of irrelevant ones (e.g. attraction effect) higher scores on interpersonal problems
in solving everyday problems, older adults typically show which pattern of performance compared to younger adults?
mechanics
in the Berlin Wisdom paradigm, working memory would be considered to represent the ___ of intelligence
what causes loss of desire to be self-sufficient, social, self-fulfilling consequence, dementia
infantilization
relationships serve what 2 functions?
informational, emotional
ethical guidelines require that researchers obtain _________ __________ in which they provide informaiton about a study's risks and benefits to each participant and then obtain their signiture indicating thye understand it
informed consent
this is turning off one response while performing another for example the word blue colored red.
inhibitory control
what hypothesis says Aging reduces ability to tune out irrelevant information
inhibitory deficit
Older adults, esp women and minorities, become immune to ageism
inoculation hypothesis
complex and vague
instruction manuals that use terms that are ___ are particularly challenging for older adults
this isan assessment of an individuals overall cognitive status along a set of standardized dimensions it Allows clinicians to evaluate cognitive strengths and weaknesses, establish a diagnosis of neurological or psychological disorder
intelligence tests
source
mixing up who said what in a conversation that happened in the past is an instance of ___ memory failure, a problem that affects older more than younger adults
in a multivariate study, researchers are attempting to understand the joint contributions of age and gender tot he outcome of scores on a measure of depression. Because age does not predict gender nor does gender predict age both variables have the status of being:
moderator
1) Individuals realize they are getting older though a stepwise process as age-related changes occur
multiple threshold model
unfolding of individuals genetics in development
nature
the general slowing hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower primarily because of
nervous system changes
Gathering information about a clients brain functioning from a series of standardized cognitive tests Can be tailored to target a specific area in the brain
neuropsychological assessment
tendency to worry (part of the big 5)
neuroticism
In the renaissance success was...
neutral
interaction between genetics and environment to develop developmental pathways
niche picking
Rowe and Khan's definition of successful aging
no disease/disability, high functioning, engagement with life
what ego is highly self centered?
noisy
this is a way we define aging by reaching certain age related landmarks on time like marriage, children, graduations
normative age
development depends on environment
nurture
Industrialization led older adults to become obsolete
odernization hypothesis
episodic source prospective tip-of-the-tongue (retrieval induced forgetting) remote
older adults are more susceptible to losing which type of memory?
Omega 3 and flavonoids
older adults who eat a diet that includes food rich in ___ are likely to experience some cognitive benefits
memory self-efficacy
older adults who have a low sense of ___, the feeling that they cannot perform well on a memory test, are likely to have poorer scores when their memory is actually tested
identity accommodation
older adults who have a sense of low memory controllability because they believe that memory decline is inevitable can also be thought of as high in:
Individuals whom 80+ with superior episodic memory because of a Thicker volume of cortex
super agers
this is a response when a certain target appears in continuous stream of stimuli and you pick out visual cues (video games)
sustained attention
rapid decline shortly before death
tertiary aging
reserve capacity
testing the limits is a method used in studies of aging and cognition to demonstrate which principle related to plasticity?
trait
the Five Factor model of personality fits into which overall category of psychological theories?
correspondance
the ________________ principle would predict that, over time, a highly agreeable person would be more liked by other people, which would further increase that person's agreeableness over the years of adulthood.
useful field of view
the ability to respond to stimuli in the periphery, relevant to the driving skills of older adults, is called:
what is the most accepted trait theory
the big five
hippocampus (parietal and temporal lobes cingulate cortex prefrontal cortex)
the brain's default network, which processes internally-generated stimuli, includes which structure?
hippocampus parietal and temporal lobes cingulate cortex prefrontal cortex
the brain's default network, which processes internally-generated stimuli, includes which structure?
elderspeak
the communication predicament model is associated with which type of language directed toward older adults
hippocampus
the effects of aging on working memory may be due to changes in which structure of the brain?
smoked abstained from alcohol didn't exercised consumed large amounts of fruits and vegetables
the findings on executive function and lifestyle factors from Whitehall II showed that people whose abilities declined the most also tended to:
smoked abstained from alcohol didn't exercised consumed low amounts of fruits and vegetables
the findings on executive function and lifestyle factors from Whitehall II showed that people whose abilities declined the most also tended to:
crystallized intelligence (specifically vocabulary)
the highest scores for older adults, and lowest age-related declines, are shown on which primary mental ability
plasticity model
the idea of reserve capacity in research on aging and intelligence is very similar to the concept of ___ in the nervous system
blurred
the majority of retirees are said to experience a(n) ______________ retirement, because they typically do not exit the labor force in an allornothing fashion.
long-term memory
virtual reality memory training, in which older adults stimulated walking through various places, was found to benefit which type of cognitive ability?
verbal memory (long term)
virtual reality memory training, in which older adults stimulated walking through various places, was found to benefit which type of cognitive ability?
this requires that an observer locates a specific target among a set of distractors to study attention
visual search tasks
semantic memory
vocabulary, factual information, and historical knowledge fall into the category of ___ memory, a process not affected by aging
social network compensation
what is the extent to which alternative sources of support boost emotional and physical health
less women in professional work (higher paying jobs)
what is the main macros accounting for the gender gap in earnings?
compensatory effect
what says work provides an opportunity for cognitive stimulation and benefits from work (ex social and advice from coworkers)
role theory
what theory ays work roles provide resources to buffer against effects of stress?
activity theory
what theory says engagement enhances positive beliefs about self and improved mental and physical health
Scaffolding theory
what theory says scaffolding can help protect cognitive functioning in older adults by strengthening existing neural connections
macrosystem
which ecological level includes the experience of intimacy as the larger attitudeds and ideologies that cultures/societies have of intimacy that shape opinions and thoughts on elders
mesosystem
which ecological level includes the experience of intimacy ensuing that communication is open and clear between all parts of the microsystem
exosystem
which ecological level includes the experience of intimacy in the enviornments that may not have direct connection with the individual, but still imact intimate expression at end-of-life (media, policies)
individual
which ecological level includes the experience of intimacy that can be influenced by health status, hormonal chages, attidutes, and mental health?
default network
while you are at rest, this is at work in the brain, which processes information that you generate internally
attention tasks
with the help of this, researchers in the area of cognitive aging are able to calculate the extent of attentional slowing in older adults
attention tasks/Brinley plot
with the help of this, researchers in the area of cognitive aging are able to calculate the extent of attentional slowing in older adults
what successful aging definition Optimizes opportunities for health, participation and security, Focuses on autonomy and independence, and Includes social determinates of health
work health organization
this form of memory Keeps information temporarily available and active in consciousness.
working
feared self
you're having a chat with your older cousin who, at age 35, believes that he may never be able to get the kind of job for which he feels qualified. He sees himself as on his way to a dead-end career. Your cousin's beliefs fit into the concept of:
pragmatics
your best friend's grandparent always seems to have great advice whenever you are struggling in your relationship. This is because wise people are considered, in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, to be high in the ____ of intelligence