hdfs 453 exam 1

failed adoption

-Child leaves the adoptive home after the adoption has been finalized -Birth parents cannot resolve or take back the child -Means it was the adoptive parents or the courts that stepped in and broke up family -Cant blame birth parents

parenting behaviors of cultural competence

-Developing friendships with people of the child's birth culture -Purchasing books and toys that reflect the child's race -Talking openly about racism and prejudice

lifestyle

-If there are important people of color in your life, you will deliver the message that people of color are important and valued. -If you can comfortably imagine expanding your lifestyle in ways that may mean changing comforts and connections you currently enjoy, transracial adoption will offer this opportunity.

knowledge

-Parents must understand the limitations to "official" versions of history and teach current race-based realities in society -As a parent, you will have to safeguard and promote your child's cultural legacy in order to offer him or her the opportunity to thrive

personality

-Transracial adoption means that your family becomes "public", because your differences are readily apparent to others. -Enjoy complexity -Being different and standing out -Attract new ways of thinking

attitude

-When you choose to become a family that is different than most, you must be prepared to confront your own racial biases in both overt and subtle ways. -If growing and learning sound like fun, jump in -If confronting stereotypes and bias sounds overwhelming, here's the opportunity to pass

1.What is in the best interest of children 2.Prevention of abduction, exploitation, sale, or trafficking of children

2 goals of hague convention

1.Adoption agency must be accredited 2. Adoptive parents must do 10 hrs of pre-adoption training

2 new requirements from hague

decree of adoption

A legal order that finalizes adoptions

adoption service provider

A licensed agency or individual who is state certified to assist birth parents and adoptive parents with the placement of a child in an independent adoption

dossier

A set of documents used to support a petition to adopt a child from another country

ICPC: The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children

A statutory law in all 50 states, Washington DC, and the US Virgin Islands - must meet laws of state in which child is born and in which child is going to reside

second parent adoption

Adoption of a child by the unmarried parent's domestic partner

transracial adoption

Adoption of a child of one race by an adoptive family of a different race

sibling group adoption

Adoption of two or more siblings or half-siblings by the same family at the same time

identified adoption

Adoptive parents and birth parents identify, find, or already know each other

haiti

before the earthquake in 2010 ; don't submit applications until we clean up and figure out who needs it; people are killed, adoption agency/ paper work destroyed

-Newborns not available -Medical history unknown -Lack of prenatal care -May experience developmental delays/special needs -Cant locate birth parents -Costs -Language barriers -Adoption rules of country can change -Loss of culture -Travel

cons of international adoption

adoption assistance program

Federally funded state administered subsidy program for special needs children

relinquishment

Legal process by which birth parents voluntarily terminate their parental rights in order to free their children for adoption

NAATRIN

National Adoption Assistance, Training, Resource and Information Network

reuinification

Occurs when a child who has been in foster care returns to his or her birth family

disruption

Sometimes called failed placement, occurs when a child leaves the adoptive home prior to the finalization of the adoption

adoption & safe families act 1997

a federal law which was established to promote the safety, permanence, and adoption of children in foster care.

•Fewer young Caucasian children •Connection to particular race or culture •Children in need

why transracial adoptions?

special needs adoption

•Adoption of a child with special needs •Need extensive training process as adoptive family •Cheaper or free •Swan network: special needs adoption agency guidelines

open adoption myths (not true)

•Adoptive Parents ---Greater insecurity ----Undermine sense of control •Birth parents -----Hinder grieving process ------Adjustment difficulties •Adoptive child ------Cant attach -------Low self-esteem

wrongful adoption

•An adoptive parent takes legal action against an adoption agency •Ex suing b/c they believe agency failed to disclose info, or misrepresented info about intended child they are trying to adopt •Some corrupt agencies

agency adoption

•Arranged by a public or private agency, licensed •Good ones provide counseling, support for birth moms •Also provide good services to adoptive families •Lawyers •Social workers

guilt & shame

•Ashamed of themselves •Guilty for not being able to give partner a biological family

open adoption: adoptive parents

•Commitment to the on-going relationship

transracial adoption

•Families created by joining children & parents of different races or ethnicities •Could be domestic or international •Placement of children of color or children from another country with adoptive parents

open adoption: adoptive children

•Helps with sense of identity •Adoption of older children

grief

•Inability to bear children •No rituals

1960's, 1970's adoption

•Liberation Movements- civil rights, sexual revolution, adoptees liberty, birth father rights •Birth control reduced # of unplanned pregnancies reducing number of children available for adoption •Legalization of abortion •Normalization of single parenthood •Normalization of step, blended, or other family types •Birth parents and adult adoptees began to speak out •Adoptive parents demanded more information

idependent/private (Attorney) adoption

•No agency is involved •Direct arrangement between the birth and adoptive parents •Need lawyer •No services/counseling •Not legal in all states

closed adoption

•No identifying info is shared between the 2 families •No contact between birth parents and adoptive parents •After finalization, the records are sealed

1930's, 1940s, 1950s

•Social workers began sealing adoption records •Secrecy prevent confusion of having 2 dif sets of parents & possible conflict •Prevented birth relatives from seeking child, making sure they're ok •Adoptees who held questions of identity, ancestry, and genetics had nowhere to turn for answers •Adoptive parents had been assured that if they were good parents, no curiosity would exist. Therefore, when faced with questions, they often felt insecure and inadequate

open adoption: birth parents

•Specify type of family •Meet the chosen family prior to placement •Life long relationship with on-going contact over the years

cost of international adoption

•The cost of an intercountry adoption can range from about 15,000 to more than 40,000 •The least expensive international adoptions occur with countries that do not require adoptive parents to travel or reside abroad to complete legal formalities •If the adopting family has a lengthy stay in the child's country of origin, the cost of adoption can exceed 40,000

rejection

•Their bodies ( b/c infertile) •God •The birth parents •Entitlement (maybe it wasn't meant to be) •Significant other

joint adoptions

•Two unmarried domestic parents adopt a child at the same time •Now same sex marriage is legal so this doesn't exist

loss

•adoption is created through this •all triad members have at least one life altering ____ before becoming involved in adoption •In adoption, in order to gain anything, one must first ___ something ex. miscarriage, infertility,privacy, control over body,time, income, relationships

domestic kinship adoption

•adoptive parents are relatives who are biologically related to the child •fictive kin

history of transracial adoptions

•began in the US at the end of Korean war •First publicly recorded documentation in the United States that white parents adopted a Black child took place in 1948, in Minneapolis, Minnesota •Native American children prevalent in the late 1950's •In 1968, white parents adopted 733 Black children •Between 1958 and 1967, white parents adopted more than 700 Native American children

domestic foster care adoption

•children in foster care system who's parents terminated parental rights b/c they are deemed unfit, no reunification •state child welfare agencies help children connect w/ families who are "fostering to adopt"

identity

•defined both by what one is and what one is not •ex. Are you a real parent even if you didn't have the baby?

domestic customary (native american) adoption

•doesn't always require the termination of birth parents' parental rights •ceremony considered by the tribe to be binding -new legally recognized permanent parent -still retains birth parents

domestic infant adoption

•one of most popular types - strong demand for healthy, newborn, usually Caucasian babies •still alive and well in US •not necessarily true that process takes forever- but no set time line, every case is different

china

one of last places available to adopt so really long lines

-Many available children -Good chances that adoption will happen -Birth mom wont change her mind -Know the costs -Can select race & gender -Allows for broader requirements -Travel

pros of international adoption

guatemala

so much corruption that they closed their doors in 08; were 900 babies in process

Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS):

system for collecting data on children in foster care and children who have been adopted.

interjurisdictional adoption

Child to be adopted and adoptive parent live in different jurisdictions (states)

legal risk adoptions

-potential adoption where child to be adopted is placed with adoptive parents prior to termination of the birthparents' rights Ex. Unsafe to stay with birth parents Ex. Adoption of newborn infants b/c birth mother & father both have to sign off on terminating parental rights

hague convention on international adoption

An international agreement between participating countries on best adoption procedures

I-600 and I-600A visa petition

An official request to the US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to classify an orphan as an immediate relative

the 1850's

adoption was not legally recognized in the US until

fulfill the child's needs to be a full member of the family as well as a full member of his or her racial or ethnic group or origin

aim of transracial parenting

korea

gov implemented long term strategy to reduce and ultimately end international adoptions 1987 over 8000 children internationally adopted, reduced 3-5%, 1997 only 2000 adopted

ethiopia

march 2011 announced they'd decrease by 90% number of adoption they would allow

1: there are no infants available for adoption in the US 2: endless wait and prohibitive cost 3: the big bad birth parent - they have acutally been given time to make right decision 4: open adoption confuses children- everyone actually benefits 5: teenage birth mothers- most are older than 18 today 6: the troubled adoptee: adolescents actually have high rates of attachment to adoptive parents

name 6 myths about adoption

hepatitis, HIV, FASD, reactive attachment disorder, sensory integration dysfunction, malnutrition, delays in language devel , PTSD, behavioral problems

name potential issues faced by internationally adopted children

-Bonding with a child who is not biologically connected to you and your family -Acknowledging the complexity of adoption -Dealing with feelings of loss through infertility -Parenting an adopted child who has endured loss and trauma, often manifesting itself in challenging behaviors -Parenting a child who may have an attachment disorder -Remaining committed to parenting a child who has no secure or healthy attachment to you -Being unable to control the attitude of others, particularly in relation to racism -Dealing with racism on a child's self-esteem -ensuring that a child's culture, identity, and ethnicity is positively developed within your family

name some of the challenges adoptive parents face

1.loss 2. rejection 3. guilt/shame 4.grief 5.identity

name the five core issues