HDFS

Define psychosocial development.

Changes and carryover in personal and interpersonal aspects of developemnt, such as motives, emotions, personality traits, inteerpersonal skills and relationships, and roles played in the family and in the larger society.

To achieve the goal of optimization:

How can humans be helped to develop in positive directions, how can their capacities be enhanced, how can developmental differences be prevented and how can developmental problems be overcome.

Informed consent is

Telling a participant about all aspects of a study group so that the participant can make a decision about whether to participate in the research

A Theory is

a set of concepts and prospectives intended to describe and explain some aspect of experience.

The major goal of random sampling is to:

ensure that the sample is representative of the population.

Maturation is to learning as

genes are to experience.

Verbal reports are--------- and what are their shortcomings?

interviews, questionairs or surveys they cannot be used with infants, young children or cognitively impaired people, they may not be truthful in their responses.

What is the correlational method?

involves determining whether two or more variables are related in a systemic way

To achieve the goal of explanation, developmentalists:

seek to understand why humans develop as they typically do and why some develop differently.

What ae age norms?

societies way of telling people how to act their age

A sequential design combines both:

the cross-sectional and longitudinal approach in a single study.

Biological aging is

the deterioration of organisms that leads to their death

What are the modern life-span perspectives?

1. Development is a lifelong process. 2. Development is multidirectional. 3.Development involves both gain and loss. 4. Development is characterized by lifelong plasticity. 5. Development is shaped by its historical-cultural context. 6. Development is multiply influenced. 7. Development must be studied by multiple disciplines.

Name the 4 environmental systems in Brofenbrenner's bioecological model, and what each system refers too

1. microsystem- refers to relations between the developing person and their immediate environment. 2. mesosystem- refers to connections among microsystems. (arguments among family) 3. exosystem- linkages involving social settingsthat individuals do not experience but can still influence their development. (parent's work day) 4. macrosystem- the broader cultural context of development, embeds all systems (beliefs and practices of a culture)

If current trends continue, by the year 2030, ______% of the US population will be age 65 or older?

20%

What is a social clock?

A person's sense of when things should be done and when he or she is ahead of or behind the schedule dictated by age norms.

What is the rite of passage?

A ritual that marks a person's passage from one status to another- usually from childhood to adulthood.

Define cognitive deveopment.

Changes and continuities in perception, language, memory, problem solving, and other mental processes.

Who is often cited as the most influencial of the 19th century baby biographers?

Charles Darwin

The macrosystem is

The cultural context in which most biological systems are embedded

Define physical development.

The growth of the body and its organs, the functioning of physiological systems including the brain, ohysical signs of aging, changes in motor abilities and so on.

Age effects are

The impacts of growing older

Age Norm-____________

The status and privileges assigned to individuals of a specific age defines the concept of an age

What is a sample?

a group of individuals studied.

In a longitudinal design-

a single cohort is assessed repeatedly over time.

Each socially defined age group in a society is called

an age grade or age stratum

By carrying out careful observation of his own children, Charles Darwin established himself as one of the more influential ________ _________.

baby biographers

Rites of passage can involve pracrices such as:

body painting, circumcision, instruction by elders in adult sexual practices, tests of physical prowess, and gala celebrations.

Bronfenbrenner introduced the concept of the __________ to capture the idea that changes in people and their environment occur in a time frame and unfold in particular patterns or sequences over a peron's lifetime.

chronosystem

What are the goals driving the study of life-span development?

description explanation optimization

A sequential design combines

elements of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.

In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the....

independent variable

What has had the most significant impact on lengthening the average life-span in the United States?

major decreases in infant mortality.

Naturalistic observation involves-

observing people in their everyday surroundings

The three broad domains explored by developmental psychologists are:

physical, cognitive and psychosocial

Family indicators like education, income, and occupational prestige levels underlie ______ _________ status.

social economic

In the book Adolescence by G. Stanley Hall, he describes the period between childhood and adulthood as a time of ___ ___ _____

storm and stress

Maturation is

the biological unfolding according to a plan contained in the genes.

What are time-of-measurement effects?

the effects of historical events and trends

To achieve the goal of description, developmentalists characterize:

the functioning of humans of different ages and trace how it changes with age. Description is the starting point.

The nuture side of the nature-nurture debate enphasizes:

the importance of learning.

What contributed most to the development of adolescence as a distinct period of the life-span in Western societies?

the need for an educated labor force

The baby-boom generation is defined as-

the number of people born between 1946-1964

What is a cross-sectional design?

the performances of people of different age groups (cohorts) are compared. It can provide info about age differences.

Development is best defined as:

the systematic changes and continuities from conception to death

What are physiological measurements?

they can use electrodes to measure electrical activity in the brain (fMRI)

The concept of the chronosystem is

to capture the notion that changes in environmental systems and life events are patterned over a person's lifetime.