Head and Spine Injuries Ch.29 Hw

Which of the following interventions may be used to help reduce intracranial pressure? Question 4 Select one: A. Supine with the legs elevated B. 30-degree elevation of the head C. Maintaining the SpO2 at 90% D. Increasing the patient's body temperature

30-degree elevation of the head

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct? Question 10 Select one: A. Once a cervical collar is applied, you can cease manual head stabilization. B. The patient's head should be forced into a neutral position to apply a cervical collar. C. Cervical collars are contraindicated in patients with numbness to the extremities. D. A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing triad? Question 7 Select one: A. Blood pressure, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 140 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min B. Blood pressure, 80/40 mm Hg; pulse, 30 beats/min; respirations, 32 breaths/min C. Blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min D. Blood pressure, 90/50 mm Hg; pulse, 120 beats/min; respirations, 10 breaths/min

Blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another? Question 5 Select one: A. Peripheral B. Autonomic C. Connecting D. Somatic

Connecting

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct? Question 13 Select one: A. Thirty percent of the cranium is occupied by blood. B. Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue. C. The cranium protects the structures of the face. D. The skull is a subdivision of the cranium.

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct? Question 12 Select one: A. Because cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury. B. Signs are often present immediately after an impact to the head. C. It results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head. D. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate most rapidly? Question 3 Select one: A. Cerebral contusion B. Intracerebral hematoma C. Subdural hematoma D. Cerebral concussion

Intracerebral hematoma

Which of the following breathing patterns is most indicative of increased intracranial pressure? Question 2 Select one: A. Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea B. Slow, shallow occasional gasps that progress to prolonged periods of apnea C. Increased rate with a normal inspiratory time and a prolonged expiratory time D. Increased rate and depth with the distinct odor of acetone on the patient's breath

Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

Which of the following skull fractures would be the least likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs? Question 8 Select one: A. Basilar B. Open C. Depressed D. Linear

Linear

In which of the following situations would the EMT be the least likely to immobilize a patient's spine? Question 18 Select one: A. No spinal pain, but tingling in the extremities B. No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication C. Unresponsive, but moving all extremities equally D. Pain to the c-spine, but no numbness or tingling.

No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication

Which of the following nerves carries information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord? Question 6 Select one: A. Central B. Somatic C. Motor D. Sensory

Sensory

Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct? Question 9 Select one: A. In most cases, mastoid bruising occurs. B. The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle sign does not rule it out. C. Bloody cerebrospinal fluid commonly leaks from the nose. D. They are typically the result of local, low-energy trauma to the head.

The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle sign does not rule it out.

Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct? Question 11 Select one: A. They perform special functions such as sight, smell, and hearing. B. They carry information from the CNS to the muscles. C. They transmit information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord. D. They are part of the CNS and control reflexes.

They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

You are assessing a man who has a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for: Question 14 Select one: A. bacterial meningitis. B. sudden hypotension. C. permanent hearing loss. D. hypovolemic shock.

bacterial meningitis.

It would be most appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who: Question 19 Select one: A. was restrained during a high-speed motor vehicle crash. B. fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position. C. has blood draining from the ears following a head injury. D. struck his or her head and is experiencing nausea or vomiting.

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.

Hyperextension injuries of the spine are most commonly the result of: Question 16 Select one: A. compression. B. hangings. C. falls. D. diving.

hangings

Lacerations to the scalp: Question 20 Select one: A. might be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries. B. uncommonly cause hypovolemic shock in the elderly. C. bleed minimally because the scalp has few vessels. D. are most commonly associated with skull fractures.

might be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.

You should be most suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is: Question 15 Select one: A. rapid. B. weak. C. irregular. D. slow.

slow

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated: Question 1 Select one: A. heart rate and blood pressure increase. B. hormones are released that prepare the body for stress. C. the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate. D. blood is shunted away from the digestive organs.

the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate.

If you do not have the appropriate-size cervical collar, you should: Question 17 Select one: A. defer cervical immobilization and apply lateral head blocks. B. place sandbags on either side of the patient's head. C. ask the patient to keep his or her head in a neutral position. D. use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.