Health 111 Chapter 9 Homework

Part D - Blood Alcohol Concentration and Impairment Alcohol effects are varied based on the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. It is important to understand that the concentration of alcohol in the blood can be a measure that predicts the effects of alcohol and, therefore, defines intoxication. The amount of alcohol present in blood, measured in grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood, is the blood alcohol concentration (BAC). A concentration of 0.08 indicates the person has 8 parts of alcohol per 10,000 parts blood in the body. A person with a 0.08 BAC is considered legally intoxicated. This level of alcohol concentration in the blood is not just determined by the amount of alcohol consumed, but by factors such as height, weight, sex, food consumption, and emotional state.

*BAC Indicates* *Always Impaired* -a woman weighing 140 lb who has had 5 drinks in 1 hour on a full stomach and who is on oral contraceptives -a man weighting 180 lb who has had 4 carbonated alcoholic drinks in 1 hour after pulling an all-nighter for a math exam -a 175-lb man who has had 6 shots of tequila in 1.5 hours and is having difficulty standing -a woman weighing 103 lb who has had 2 beers in the last hour and who is not eating because she wants to offset the calories of the beer *BAC Indicates* *Sometimes or Usually Impaired* -a man weighing 168 lb who has had 2 beers and a shot of whiskey in the last 3 hours -a man weighing 160 lb who has had 2 drinks in 1 hour on a full stomach -a 155-lb woman who has had 2 frozen margaritas on an empty stomach within the last 2 hours -a woman weighing 120 lb who has had a vodka and cranberry juice within the last hour and who took aspirin for sore muscles after a long run *BAC Indicates* *Not Impaired* -a 200-lb man who sipped 1 beer after dinner while watching his favorite movie on television

Coaching Activity: Drinking Alcohol Responsibly Consuming alcohol is a part of our culture. Many of us drink during social gatherings, religious ceremonies, and as a part of everyday life. Approximately two thirds of college students report that they have consumed alcohol in the last 30 days, and almost 40% report binge drinking. College students drink for many reasons: to forget about their problems, to gain peer acceptance, to reduce inhibitions, and to induce a positive mood at social gatherings. Irresponsible drinking can have both short-term and long-term consequences. Learning the importance of drinking responsibly and understanding the effects of alcohol are essential. Part A Alcohol consumption varies by age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, and geography. Each of these factors affects alcohol consumption and can help us recognize trends in alcohol consumption in the United States. Review the following and then sort each description into the appropriate bin based on the likelihood that the individuals would be current drinkers.

*More* *Likely* *to* *Drink* *Alcohol* -a 17-year-old male living in the Northeast -a 22-year-old Caucasian college male student -a 22-year-old Native American male who lives in the West *Less Likely to Drink Alcohol* -a 36-year-old male college graduate -an Asian female college graduate living in the Midwest -an African American female attending college in the South *Unable to Determine* -an office worker -a person who works in a factory

Part E - Short- and Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Consumption Alcohol consumption exposes the body to the toxic substance ethanol. Ethanol or ethyl alcohol affects several body systems and can result in both short- and long-term negative consequences. These effects depend on drinking habits and health circumstances. Alcohol consumption can affect health status and quality of life. Place the phrases in the correct bin according to whether they are short-term effects, long-term effects, or not an effect of alcohol consumption. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

*Short-Term Effect* -stomach irritation and nausea -slurred speech as well as impaired judgment -decreased pulse and respiratory rate *Long-Term Effect* -increased risk of osteoporosis -increased risk of mouth, stomach, and pancreatic cancer -increased risk of birth defects for pregnant women *Not an Effect* -improvement in reaction time

Part F - Alcohol Use Disorder Watch the following video about Courtney and her experiences with drinking. Courtney mentions some of the negative consequences she and her friends have experienced. She discovered that injuries and spending too much money on drinking are two of the negative effects of drinking irresponsibly. There are many more negative effects that aren't mentioned, including drunk driving resulting in death and injury, unprotected sex resulting in sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancy, depression, academic difficulty, and even suicide. Moreover, drinking irresponsibly can lead to a life-threatening dependence on alcohol. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects millions of Americans in the United States and costs billions of dollars. Read the scenarios below. Choose each one that meets a criterion for AUD. -Grainne couldn't concentrate in lab or her afternoon classes all week because all she could think about was going home to a bottle of wine. -Emelio quit his intramural lacrosse team because he couldn't keep up at practices and games after drinking the night before. -Last week Kiley drank three shots before swimming, and this week she decided to walk home drunk at 2:00 a.m. from a bar seven blocks from her home. -Gregory's boss told him that he wouldn't be receiving a promotion because Gregory came in to work hungover for a second time. -Renata drank a glass of red wine with her dinner on Saturday and Sunday.

-Grainne couldn't concentrate in lab or her afternoon classes all week because all she could think about was going home to a bottle of wine. -Emelio quit his intramural lacrosse team because he couldn't keep up at practices and games after drinking the night before. -Last week Kiley drank three shots before swimming, and this week she decided to walk home drunk at 2:00 a.m. from a bar seven blocks from her home. -Gregory's boss told him that he wouldn't be receiving a promotion because Gregory came in to work hungover for a second time.

Part B - Binge Drinking In college, almost 40% of students report binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking alcohol that results in a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or above. Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks within two hours for men and four or more within two hours for women is binge drinking as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Movies, TV, and advertising have depicted binge drinking as a normal activity in college even though not all college students binge drink. Unfortunately, binge drinking increases the risk of health and personal safety issues because it results in a high level of intoxication. Being legally drunk is defined by a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or above and is a factor in 60% of fatal burn injuries, drownings, and homicides. It is also a factor in 50% of severe trauma injuries and sexual assaults and 40% of fatal motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and fatal falls. Choose the best answer to complete the following statement. Binge drinking is more common for college students because: -They belong to a specific age group that is subject to peer pressures to "party," that uses binge drinking as a rite of passage or part of games/customs on campus, and that is susceptible to advertising and promotions directed at college campuses. -They often do so as a specific ritual in a controlled setting, such as tailgating or pre-gaming, where their peers safeguard them from harm. -There are no significant negative consequences while drinking in college since the campus is a safe place to take risks and campus police will intervene before any activity gets out of control.

-They belong to a specific age group that is subject to peer pressures to "party," that uses binge drinking as a rite of passage or part of games/customs on campus, and that is susceptible to advertising and promotions directed at college campuses.

Part C - Blood Alcohol ConcentrationPart complete Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the percent of ethyl alcohol in a certain volume of blood after drinking alcoholic beverages. In the United States, a BAC of .05 means that there is .05% (or .05 grams) of alcohol in 100 ml of blood. Beer and wine contain ethyl alcohol fermented from grains and grapes with water added to dilute it. Hard liquor is made by heating and cooling the ethyl alcohol fermented from grains or fruits to increase the concentration of the alcohol. Each alcoholic beverage has a proof value that is equal to double the actual alcohol percentage in the drink. For instance, 100 proof bourbon has 50% alcohol by volume. Red wine has usually around 13% alcohol content or a proof value of 26. Our bodies metabolize alcohol to transform it into energy (1 gram of alcohol = 7 kilocalories). If we consume too much alcohol or consume it more quickly than the liver can metabolize it, the alcohol circulates throughout the body via the bloodstream. A standard drink size is determined by the amount of each type of alcoholic beverage that has 14 grams (1.2 tablespoons or .6 fluid ounces) of pure alcohol. A 5-ounce glass of wine, a 1.5-ounce shot of liquor, and a 12-ounce can of beer are all "standard" servings containing the same amount of pure alcohol. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Not all terms will be used.

1. When you drink an alcoholic beverage, metabolism of the *ethanol* starts in the stomach, where the enzyme *alcohol* *dehydrogenase* and other enzymes break down some of the alcohol into acetaldehyde, then to acetate, and eventually into carbon dioxide and water. Since some of the alcohol is absorbed in the *stomach*, *food* there will slow the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream. Most of the alcohol is absorbed in the *small* *intestine* and carried to the *liver*, where most of the alcohol is metabolized. However, the liver can only metabolize one standard drink per hour. The additional alcohol, not metabolized by the liver, enters the bloodstream and travels throughout the body. It can be excreted in the urine, sweat, and breath. As unmetabolized alcohol reaches the *brain*, the individual will become intoxicated.