Health and Human Behavior Exam 1

Obesity diminishes a person's life expectancy by about ______ years.

10-20

According to the ACSM, how long should a person participate in vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week for substantial health benefits?

75 minutes

Which of the following statements about fiber in the human digestive system is accurate?

Fiber facilitates elimination of waste from the intestines.

Using the SMART criteria, how might you set a goal to increase physical activity if you are currently out of shape?

For the first week, walk briskly for 20 minutes every day.

Which of the following is a universal and predictable response pattern to all stressors?

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Which of the following is not a dimension of wellness?

Material

______________ ________________consumption, or VO2max, is the body's maximum ability to transport and use oxygen

Maximal Oxygen

Which statement about gender-based wellness factors is true?

Men have higher rates of drinking alcohol than women do.

Many overweight and obese people suffer from a group of symptoms, called____________syndrome, which includes insulin resistance, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, unhealthy cholesterol levels, chronic inflammation, and abdominal fat.

Metabolic

Inorganic elements called _________________ are needed in small amounts for the regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues; they also aid in releasing energy.

Minerals

To apply the daily food intake patterns in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, an individual should make use of ______.

MyPlate

It is possible to lose weight when you maintain a(n) ______ energy balance.

Negative

Cigarettes and other tobacco products contain ______________, a chemical that enhances the actions of neurotransmitters.

Nicotine

Sigmond knows that cigarettes are highly addictive, primarily because they contain ______, but he smokes anyway because it helps him feel relaxed.

Nicotine

Which of the following statements about the link between radiation and cancer is false?

Not all sources of radiation are carcinogenic.

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide recommended intake levels of ______.

Nutrients

___ is a serious degree of overweight that has a number of health risks.

Obesity

Ahmad is working on his stress-management skills. As he reflects on the day's events, he notices several daily hassles that rank high on his perceived stress level. Ahmad wants to work on dealing with his daily hassles because they can contribute to a general decrease in ______.

Overall Wellness

What is the general term for total body weight that is above the recommended range for good health?

Overweight

Samir will commence his new job on Monday. He is concerned that his religious beliefs will be a source of prejudice and that he will have difficulty communicating in English because it is not his native language. Samir is experiencing a(n) ______ stressor.

Social

The method of classifying the ______ of cancer in a patient's body is called staging.

Spread

Complex carbohydrates include ______ and dietary fiber.

Starches

Which of the following foods are low in energy density?

fresh fruits air-popped popcorn fresh vegetables

Which of the following would be good advice to give to a friend who is experiencing a relapse while trying to change his behavior?

give yourself credit forgive yourself

What are the social and environmental factors called that affect the health of individuals, demographic groups, or entire populations?

health determinants

Which of the following are lifestyle changes recommended for people with hypertension?

healthy diet regular exercise

Which of the following are possible risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease?

high homocysteine levels high levels of uric acid infectious agents

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream during the ____________ response, and high levels of CRP indicated an elevated risk of heart attack and stroke.

inflammation

What are the characteristics of assertiveness in communication?

insisting on your rights being able to say "yes" or "no" depending on the situation bargaining for what you want

Metabolic syndrome is associated with which of the following conditions?

insulin resistance hypertension chronic inflammation

Being sedentary is associated with what?

large waist circumference unhealthy levels of glucose, insulin, and blood fats

Weight loss aids that are ______ are not regulated as heavily as over-the-counter medications.

marketed as dietary supplements

What is the best measure of cardiorespiratory capacity?

maximal oxygen consumption

What is the type of activity for which the ACSM recommends spending at least 150 minutes per week in order to achieve substantial health benefits?

moderate-intensity aerobic activity

Some psychiatric disorders are associated with a problem with the ______ that make possible the communication between nerve cells.

neurotransmitters

The suprachiasmatic ____________ is the master clock that sets and controls the sleep-wake cycle.

nucelus

What are essential nutrients?

nutrients that cannot be synthesized by human cells

In the carbohydrate-insulin model, what is the primary cause of obesity?

overeating refined carbohydrates

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most important needs, such as the need for food, are ______.

physiological needs

What issues may increase the risk of developing dementia or cause an earlier onset of dementia?

poor quality sleep sleep disruptions during the night

How does access to health care help improve a person's life?

preventive care appropriate treatment of diseases

Consumers should be particularly careful to evaluate the use of weight-loss products that do which of the following?

promise rapid weight loss claim to have a secret to success

Body composition refers to the ______.

proportion of fat and fat-free mass in the body

Which of the following are long-term effects of exercise on the human body?

reduced risk of colon cancer improved self-image decreased body fat

A medicine can cause weight loss if it does which of the following?

reduces feelings of hunger increases feelings of fullness

Adolescents who get enough sleep are likelier to do which of the following?

refrain from engaging in risky behaviors have a better mood succeed academically

According to Maslow, people who are seemingly living at their fullest have achieved ______.

self-actualization

An eating disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by which of the following?

severe disturbances in body image

Which major groups of muscles should be stretched during flexibility exercises?

shoulder leg hip

Which of the following are common side effects of weight loss drugs?

sleeplessness nervousness headaches

Which of the following is a major role of fats?

storing energy

Which of the following are effective ways to promote wellness in the world? (Choose every correct answer.)

supporting nonsmoking policies for public places providing nonalcoholic drinks at parties asking for more nutritious foods

Mindfulness can help us to ______.

tackle stress, social anxiety, and depression reflect on our emotions, thoughts, and self take notice of the world around us and reflect upon our place within it

Which cancer has not been linked to tobacco use?

testicular

Which feature is characteristic of all cancers?

the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells

What is the primary cause of the physiological tendency to sleep?

the homeostatic sleep drive

Carcinoma is the most common type of cancer. In which locations does it typically appear?

the lungs the skin the prostate the breast

What does the term health typically refer to?

the overall condition of a person's body or mind

In the United States, the energy equation generally is ______.

tipped toward "energy in"

What are the main objectives of the 2020--2025 Dietary Guidelines?

to encourage healthy eating patterns and regular physical activity

Access to preventive health care is important because it provides a person with ______.

vaccinations that can prevent infections

What intensity level of exercise does the ACSM recommend participating in for 75 minutes per week?

vigorous

Which of the following nutrients have been found to increase heart health?

vitamin B-6 calcium folic acid

Which of the following are the simplest methods for measuring body fat distribution?

waist circumference measurement waist-to-hip ratio calculation

Who needs the most sleep?

babies

Which of the following would be typical short-term benefits of an inactive lifestyle?

being able to use more social media getting to hang out more with friends having more time to watch videos

Which of the following describes mindfulness?

being nonjudgmentally aware of what is happening being in the present moment paying attention on purpose

What happens when humans fall asleep?

blood pressure drops body temperature declines

Which cancers can be caused by tobacco smoke?

bronchial mouth lung

Vitamins are a direct source of energy for the body.

False

What would be an example of a cultural difference that may affect one's health?

Family Values

According to researchers, about ______ deaths worldwide are associated with being overweight or obese.

3 Million

Essential fat comprises ______% of men's body weight.

3-5

For women, a waist circumference greater but not less than ______ inches is associated with a greater risk for chronic disease.

35

When consumed, proteins provide how much energy for the body?

4 calories per gram

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are updated every ______ years.

5

The Federal Trade Commission reports that about ______ of ads for weight loss products make false claims.

50%

______ are patterns of thinking that make events appear worse than they really are.

Cognitive distortions

Which of the following people would be the most likely to fall asleep?

A person sitting in a warm room

Which of the following statements are true about psychological health?

A person's psychological health should not be judged from the way the person looks. People who are are not psychologically healthy may avoid seeking help.

At a well-attended social event, your roommate approaches and confronts you in a hostile manner in front of your friends. What phase of general adaptation syndrome will you first experience?

Alarm

What type of brain waves does the electroencephalogram measure when people are awake and quietly resting with their eyes closed?

Alpha Waves

Which of the following statements most closely represents the main idea of the transtheoretical model of behavior change?

As you change your behavior, you move through distinct stages of action.

Acting in a(n) ______ way improves your ability to take charge of your life.

Assertive

______ change is a lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy lifestyle habits and working to overcome unhealthy ones.

Behavior

Water is important to the body because it is a major ingredient in ______.

Blood

What are the effects of not challenging a body physically?

Bones lose their density, joints stiffen, and muscles become weak.

Mercury is dangerous to fetuses and young children because it can cause ______.

Brain Damage

Job-related stress that is severe or chronic can result in a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion called ____________________.

Burn-out

Cancer is the result of abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of _____.

Cells

Yasmeen is having a challenging time getting her stress under control. She wants to talk with someone, but she wants to be sure what she talks about will remain confidential. Her best choice would be ______.

Counselor

Over the age of 70, men show much less sleep disruption and impairment in slow-wave sleep than women of the same age.

False

Psychological health means having a "normal" psychology.

False

Free radicals are chemically unstable molecules that react with which of the following?

DNA Proteins

Statins ______ inflammation and ______ C-reactive protein levels.

Decrease Decrease

Which of the following statements regarding anger are true?

Demonstrating a reasonable level of self-assertiveness is not the same as anger. Anger is a normal emotion. Anger can produce feelings of guilt or loss of control.

The combination of drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy is especially effective for which of the following?

Depression

Which of the following strongly correlate to an individual's life span? (Choose every correct answer.)

Drug Use Obesity

The stress that an individual experiences from unsafe living conditions, such as air pollution or a high crime rate, is an example of ______ stress.

Environmental

Almost all clinicians decide upon a single treatment model and continue it for the entirety of their careers.

False

It is easier to maintain a given weight after gaining and losing a large number of pounds than it is to maintain a long-term original weight.

False

Which statements accurately describe possible risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Having more viscous (thicker) blood may increase the risk of CVD. Heart attacks occur more frequently in the morning, possibly due to natural increases in adrenaline and nervous system activity.

What are characteristics of health insurance under the Affordable Care Act? (Choose every correct answer.)

Health exchanges help individuals obtain the coverage they need. The government regulates the health care plans offered on health exchanges. People who have an income below certain levels are eligible for government subsidies.

BMI is a measure of body weight that is based on the concept that weight should be proportional to __________

Height

Which of the following statements is true about hypertension treatment?

Hypertension can be controlled

Which of the following is not a long-term effect of exercise on the human body?

Increased Heart Rate

______ is a disorder characterized by impulsive acts of anger or rage that are explosive or misdirected.

Intermittent explosive disorder

Which of the following would be good strategies for successful behavior change for good health? (Choose every correct answer.)

Lay out a long-range plan. Continue to tackle more behavior change projects as time goes by. Be inspired by the positive feelings you have about yourself as you see progress.

When deciding on a weight-loss goal, individuals should focus most on their ______.

Lifestyle

African American men are at significantly higher risk of ______ cancer than men in other groups.

Prostate

A period during the course of cancer when there are no symptoms or other evidence of the disease is called ______.

Remission

Studies have shown that average Americans spend more than half of their waking day in ______ activities, such as using a computer, studying, or watching television.

Sedentary

Defining a man as someone who has an XY pair of chromosomes would be identifying him by his ______.

Sex

How does consciousness change during sleep?

Sleepers become less responsive to the environment.

Ethnicity, education level, and economic status are examples of ______ health determinants.

Social

Ian's stress log indicates he is a comfort eater. He feels that talking to various other people with the same problem will help him the most. Ian should visit a ______.

Support Group

You decide you want to change one particular behavior and focus your energies on changing that behavior. That behavior is defined as a(n) ______________ behavior.

Target

What is the importance of flexibility exercises?

They are important for maintaining the normal range of motion in the major joints of the body.

Which of the following should older adults focus on in terms of nutritional requirements?

They should focus on eating nutrient-dense foods. They don't need as much energy intake because they tend to become less active.

What are reasons that jobs are one of the top sources of stress for Americans?

Tight schedules leave less time for stress-proofing activities. Salary and job security are sources of worry. Employees are left out of important decisions concerning their work.

According to the FDA, more than 1,000 substances are added to foods in the United States to maintain or improve nutritional quality, to help in processing and preparation, or to alter taste or appearance.

True

Noncancerous tumors only pose a health threat if they physically interfere with essential bodily functions.

True

True or false: Brains are active during sleep.

True

True or false: Social interactions can be both a buffer against and a cause of stress.

True

True or false: Studies show that married people tend to live longer than those who are divorced, widowed, or never married.

True

True or false: The amount of sleep an adult needs each night is unique to the person.

True

Which of the following would be an example of a health-related problem related to human biology rather than culture?

a child born with Down's syndrome (a genetic disorder)

What is a long-term cost of an inactive lifestyle?

a greater chance of having a stroke a larger risk of heart disease a higher possibility of premature death

What are the main categories of eating disorders?

anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa binge-eating disorder

Some vitamins act as ____________, helping to preserve the health of cells.

antioxidants

To meet their nutritional requirements, older adults should eat foods that ______.

are high in fiber contain vitamin B-12 have fewer calories

Which methods can a physician use to identify a cancer's stage?

assessing if the tumor has invaded lymph nodes assessing the size of the primary tumor assessing if any metastases are present

To reduce exposure to mercury, nursing mothers should:

avoid eating swordfish. limit the consumption of albacore tuna.

What term refers to the ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity?

cardiorespiratory endurance

Sarcomas are cancers that arise from which of the following tissues?

cartilage muscle bone

What is the sleep-and-wake pattern that is coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

circadian rhythm

Which of the following are examples of foods that are high in energy density?

cookies potato chips ice cream

What is the disease that disrupts normal metabolism, interfering with cells' ability to take in glucose for energy production?

diabetes mellitus

What are the nondigestible carbohydrates found in food from plants called?

dietary fiber

Which of the following would not be a healthy habit?

drinking 4--5 alcoholic drinks per day

What tool measures brain activity during sleep?

electroencephalogram