Health Chapter 13

cross-training

Participating in two or more activities to develp a variety of fitness components.

Skill-related fitness

Physical abilities that contribute to performance in a sport or activity, including speed, power, agility, balance, coordination and reaction time.

Health-related fitness

Physical capabilities that contribute to health, including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition.

Exercise

Planned, structured, repetitive movement of the body intended to improve or maintain physical fitness.

Anabolic steroids

Synthetic male hormones used to increase muscle size and strength.

Muscular endurance

The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for long period of time.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

The ability of the body to perfom prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity.

Muscular Strength

The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort.

Isotonic (dynamic) exercise

The application of force with movement.

Isometric (static) exercise

The application of force without movement.

Physical Fitness

The body's ability to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort.

Maximal Oxygen Consumption

The body's maximum ability to transport and use oxygen.

Flexibility

The joints ability to move through their full range of motion.

Fat-free-mass

The nonfat components of the human body, consisting of skeletal muscle, bone and water.

Body composition

The proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone and water) in the body.

Kettlebell

A large iron bell with a handle attached varying in weight from about 5 pounds to more than 100 pounds; usually used to perform high-speed resistance exercises.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A recording of the changes in electrical activity of the heart.

Target Heart Rate Range

The range of heart rates that should be reached and maintained during cardiorespiratory endurance exercise to obtain benefits.

Physical Activity

Any body movement carried out by the skeletal muscles that requires energy.

Reversibility

The training principle that fitness improvements are lost when demands on the body are lowered.

Progressive Overload

The training principle that placing increasing amounts of stress (in the form of exercise) on the body causes adaptations that improve fitness.

Specificity

The training principle that the body adapts to the particular type and amount of stress placed on it.

Cardiorespiratory endurance training

Exercise intended to improve cardiorespiratory endurance.

Resistance Exercise

Exercise that forces muscles to contract against increased resistance also called strength training.