Health Chapter 18

In males, straining to lift heavy objects may result in what?

inguinal hernia

Which hormone regulates the "fight-or-flight" response?

Adrenaline

What is a hormone? Explain how hormones reach the cells where they have their effect.

Chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland; once hormones released into bloodstream they reach target cells

Tiny structures found within cells that carry information about the characteristics you will inherit

Chromosomes

List five things that females should do to maintain reproductive health.

Cleanliness, sexual abstinence, prompt treatment for infections, self-exams, and regular medical checkups

List five things males should do to maintain reproductive health?

Cleanliness, sexual abstinence, protection from trauma, self exams, and regular medical checkups

Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits. Give one example of each.

Dominant trait appears in an offspring of whenever its gene is present (free earlobes); Recessive trait appears in an offspring only when the dominant force is no present(attached earlobes)

Identify two disease that may be affected by genetics. What other factors influence the onset of diseases?

Down syndrome and hemophilia, chromosomes and other hormones

Ejection of semen through the penis

Ejaculation

Produces and releases chemical substances that signal changes in other parts or the body.

Endocrine gland

What three factors influence your risk of disease? Which factors are under your control?

Environmental, climate, hereditary disease Exposure to environment, habits, and behaviors

Sex hormone that activates certain physical changes at puberty

Estrogen

Which four hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle?

FSH, LH, Estrogen, and Progesterone

Where are the Fallopian tubes located? What is their function?

Fallopian tubes are connected to the ovaries; carry eggs away from ovaries

Sperm cell joining with an egg

Fertilization

Explain how two parents without a genetic disorder could have a child with genetic disorder?

For most diseases, your environment and your behavior affect your risk as much as or even more than your genes

A man with free earlobes (who has 2 dominant genes) marries a women with attached earlobes. What kind of earlobes will their children have?

Free earlobes

Chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland

Hormone

Describe the roles played by hormones during sperm production?

Hormones tell the testes to begin making testosterone, testosterone signal for the production of sperm

An endocrine gland located in the brain, part of both endocrine and nervous systems

Hypothalamus

Lists the glands of the endocrine system.

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive glands

What are two kinds of problems with sperm that lead to infertility in males?

Inability to produce sperm and the production of too few sperm

Condition of being unable to reproduce

Infertility

What are the causes of genetic disorders? Give two examples of genetic disorders.

Inheritance of an abnormal gene or chromosomes; hemophilia an Down syndrome

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? a. Pituitary gland b. Adrenal gland c. Prostate gland d. Ovary

Prostate gland

Period of sexual development during which a person becomes sexually mature and physically able to reproduce

Puberty

How is the onset of puberty related to the endocrine system?

Puberty starts when the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to begin producing two hormones

What role does the endocrine system play in the body?

Regulates longterm changes in the body such as growth and development. It also controls many of your body's daily activities.

What is the name of the sac in which the testes are located?

Scrotum

What are genes? How are they related to chromosomes?

Section of hormones that determines or affects characteristics, or trait; genes come in pairs

A driver breaks the car suddenly when a dog darts in front of the car. How did the endocrine system aid her quick response?

The adrenal gland allows for the quick reaction to sudden fear, the "fight-of-flight"

Hollow, muscular pear-shaped organ

Uterus

Hollow, muscular passageway leading from the uterus to the outside of the body

Vagina

What are two effects of testosterone?

affects the production of sperm and signals certain physical changes at puberty, such as growth and facial hair

How many chromosomes are combined in each of your sex cells?

23

What is the hypothalamus? Hoe does it interact with the pituitary gland?

An endocrine gland located in the brain, is actually part of both the nervous and endocrine systems; controls many of the pituitary glands functions

List two cause of infertility in men.

Anabolic problems and hormonal imbalances

What is not a genetic disorder?

Breast cancer

Which kind of cancer can be detected by a Pap smear?

Cancer of the cervix

How could more young people be convinced to follow the recommendations for reproductive health?

Knowing the resulting of not doing so could lead to cancer

How could more young women be convinced of regular breasts exams?

Learning how regular exams can help prevent cancer

What event marks the end of one menstrual cycles and the beginning of another?

Menopause; ovaries slow down hormone production and no longer release mature eggs

What is semen, and how is it formed?

Mixture of sperm cells and these liquids; sperm cells mix with fluid proceed by the prostrate gland

X-Ray that can help detect breast cancer

Monogram

How long is the average menstrual cycle?

On average 28 days; although, can last as short as 21 days until 35 days

What is ovulation?

Once puberty begins, one of the ovaries releases a ripened egg about once every month

In females they are called eggs or

Ova

Reproductive gland in which eggs are produced

Ovaries

Which organ releases mature eggs?

Ovaries

What are the reproductive glands called in females? In males?

Ovaries; Testes

External sexual organ through which sperm leave the body

Penis

"Releasing hormones" from the hypothalamus signal that releases hormones from pea-sized endocrine gland in the brakn

Pituitary gland

Your 13-year-old sister doesn't menstruate regularly. Should she be conceded? Explain

Possibly, you should figure out if she is on a diet, stress, exercise, or weight loss or gain.

What are the three main functions of the male reproductive system?

Produce sex hormones, produce and store sperm, and to deliver sperm to the female reproductive system

What are three main functions of the female reproductive system?

Produce sex hormones, produce eggs, and to provide nourishing environment in which a fertilized egg can develop into a baby

Activates changes to a women's reproductive system before and during pregnancy

Progesterone

In males, reproductive cells

Sperm

Why do you think steroid use can have harmful effect on the reproductive system, especially in teens?

Steroids can cause permit unfixable hormone imbalance which can cause later issues with reproduction

Male reproductive glands

Testes

Arrange the following the structure in order in which sperm pass by or travel through them: epididymis; vas deferences; testes; prostate gland; seminal vesicles.

Testes, epididymis, vas deferences, seminal vesicles, prostate glands

If only one sperm is needed to fertilize an egg, why do you think many sperm are released during ejaculation?

The body just produces more then what is actually needed in a process called redundancy

How is genetic information passed from one generation to the next?

Through genes contained on the two sets of chromosomes that a person received from their parents