Health Content 211 Test 2025

Which of the following statements reflects a student's use of a predisposing social norm that is likely to lead to an increase in the likelihood that the student will participate in a risky behavior? A. "Everyone Does It" B. "My mother would throw a fit" C. "I bet I get away with it!" D. "Chances are we wouldn't get caught"

A. "Everyone does it" Why? Predisposing factors are conditions such as Genetics and Environmental, Cultural, and Social Conditions that affect people's susceptibility to disease or participation in risky behaviors. While research shows that most adolescents do not engage in risky behaviors such as drug and alcohol use, many teenagers believe that the majority of their peers do. Thus, when they believe the social norm, "Everyone does it" they are more likely to engage in risky behaviors

Lucca and Mateo, two high school students, are leaving school, and Mateo says to Lucca, "Hey, my parents are out of town this weekend. I'm getting a keg of beer and having a sleepover. You're coming, right?" Lucca does not want to go. Which of the following responses by Lucca would likely be most effective in resisting his peer pressure? A. No way. That stuff is dangerous. Do you know how many brain cells a cup of beer kills? B. "Well, I don't think so. I have a lot of homework to do. Sorry, but I don't think I'll be able to come" C. "No, thank you. I don't want to come. But I'll see you at the game tomorrow" D. "What are you thinking? Do you know how much trouble we could get into? Don't be stupid"

C. "No, thank you. I don't want to come. But I'll see you at the game tomorrow Why? By speaking directly and politely, Lucca is answering assertively. Assertive teachers have been shown to be most effective in reducing peer pressure

A health education teacher is preparing a lesson on applying principles of age-appropriate dietary guidelines to planning and making food choices. In addition to teaching the fundamentals of a healthy diet, the teacher plans to ask students to maintain for one week a confidential food journal of what they eat and when. Which of the following steps would be most effective to take NEXT in helping students learn how to plan and make healthy food choices? A. Preparing and presenting to students a slide deck on the dangers and consequences of not eating balanced and nutritional meals B. Providing examples of sound, nutritional meals and asking students to compare these with the meals and asking students to compare with the meals they described in their jounals. C. Asking students to research and estimate the nutritional value of the food and beverages they ate and note it in their journals

C. Asking students to research and estimate the nutrtional value of food and beverages they ate and note it in their journals Why? By analyzing their food intake and choices, students become more aware of the nutrient content of food and the negative or positive effects of personal dietary choices (EX. weight gain from consuming too many "Empty" calories). This activity, students can also learn ways to which their diets can be improved. Students can be empowered to improve their diets when they keep a confidential personized food journal and analyze it for both healthy and unhealthy eating patterns and habits, with focus on capitalizing on strengths and addressing weaknesses

According to research, in which of the following ways can families exert the most positive influence on the health behaviors of children? A. By explaining the dangers of unhealthy behaviors B. By establishing consistent expectations in which students are rewarded for healthy behaviors C. By modeling healthy behaviors D. By providing a safe environment in which children can express their view on healthy behaviors

C. By modeling healthy behaviors Why? Research shows that when adult family members model healthy behaviors, children and adolescents are more likely to adopt those behaviors and less likely to participate in risky health-related behaviors. For example, children whose parents and family members do not smoke are much less likely to smoke. Adolescents who do not take drugs are more likely to have parents who do not drink alcohol or take drugs

Prior to the school year, a health education teacher meets with school guidance counselors. One of the goals of the meeting is for the health education teacher to provide resources to the guidance counselors for use when they are helping students who are engaging in risky behaviors. Which of the following resources would likely be most useful for the teacher to provide to the counselors? A. Illinois Department of Education's Adolescent Health Assistance Task Force B. The Whole Child Resource Center's Family Schools Connection Health Program C. Illinois Department of Public Health's School Health Technical Assistance and Training Program D. The National Foundation for Healthy Adolescents' Better Strategies for In-School Support Office

C. Illinois Department of Public Health's School Health Technical Assistance and Training Program Why? The Illinois Department of Public Health runs a School Health Technical Assistance and Training Program that provides support for schools in a variety of topics related to students health and behavior. They offer seminars to support healthy practices in school, communicate updates in health information, and provide assistance to schools

A health education teacher and students are discussing the health-related components of physical fitness and the distinctions between the components and the fitness benefits they provide. When discussing with the students the unique benefits that dynamic stretching provides in a personal fitness program, the teacher should emphasize the role of dynamic stretching in: A. Increasing the supply of oxygenated blood to organs and skeletal muscles B. Reducing the amount of energy needed to perform weight-bearing activities C. Improving the range of motion around joints and elasticity of muscle tissue D. Enhancing bone density by increasing the deposition of minerals into the bone matrix

C. Improving the range of motion around joints and the elasticity of muscle tissue Why? Dynamic stretching, or stretching while moving, helps prepare the body for upcoming activity, increases muscle power, improves flexibility, and increases joint range of motion. Regular dynamic stretching helps makes muscles stronger and increases their extensibility and elasticity. The purpose of dynamic stretching used in a warm-up is typically to mimic the sport-specific movement patterns that will be used in an upcoming activity, which helps the muscles tolerate the stresses of the activity with less strain

Which of the following list of symptoms best describes the onset of type 1 diabetes? A. Headaches, trouble sleeping, bleeding gums B. Sore throat, rash, low-grade fever C. Increased Thirst, Frequent Urination, Fatigue D. Weight gain, swollen glands, shortness of breath

C. Increased Thirst, Frequent Urination, Fatigue Why? Because type 1 diabetes, caused by high blood sugar, can develop quickly in children and young adults, it is important to know the symptoms. Frequent urination, extreme thirst, increased hunger, fatigue, weight loss, and blurred vision are common symptoms. Managing the disease involves monitoring and controlling blood sugar levels. Undiagnosed, type 1 diabetes can have serious consequences, including death.

Which of the following physiological outcomes is most likely to be a result of an individual experiencing chronic stress over a prolonged period? A. Decrease in red blood cell production B. Increase in the size of the trachea C. Inflammation of the circulatory system D. High thyroid levels

C. Inflammation of the circulatory system Why? Acute stress causes the body's blood vessels to dilate in order to increase the amount of blood flowing to the heart and large muscles. It also causes the body to release stress hormones that allow an individual to react quickly to a threat. After the threat has passes, the circulatory system returns to its normal state. However, during the chronic or prolonged stress, the body does not return to its normal state; over time, the circulatory system becomes inflamed, increasing the risk for hypertension, heart attack or stroke.

Which of the following statements accurately identifies a principle of best practice in providing drug education in school settings? A. Effective drug education programs should be taught in ways that reflects the cultural context of the students involved. B. Drug education is best taught by integrating it into a variety of different courses and grades over several year C. Effective drug education should include formal group and individual assessments of risk factors D. Drug education should primarily focus on the consequences of the use

A. Effective drug education programs should be taught in ways that reflect the cultural context of the students involved. Why? Attention to the cultural context of students will make a drug education program more relevant and meaningful to students. When students feel understood and appreciated, they are more open to messages about drug use.

Which of the following strategies would be most effective for a health education teacher to use in creating a more healthy school environment? A. Establishing a wellness program for school staff B. Providing teachers with a mini health lesson, which they can in turn incorporate into their curriculum C. Creating a seminar series on emerging health issues for school staff D. Offering health services for staff and students within the school

A. Establishing a wellness program for school staff Why? School employee wellness programs have been shown to help reduce employee stress and boost morale, productivity, and efficiency. Improving the wellness of school staff can directly impact the health of students through positive role-modeling of healthy behaviors. Healthy employees can also save schools money through reduced health-care and sick-day cost

A health education teacher wants to focus on improving students' health literacy skills. Which of the following pairs of health task and the skills needed to accomplish the tasks is most closely aligned with the teacher's goal? A. Health task: being attentive to public wellness announcements; Skill: differentiating between advertisements and official warnings B. Health task: learning more about chronic diseases; Skill: reading prescription insert information C. Health task: taking medicine; Skill: understanding the math concepts of percentage and probabilities D. Health task: locating appropriate services; Skill: completing forms

A. Health task: being attentive to public wellness announcements; Skill: differentiating between advertisements and official warnings Why? Being able to differentiate between facts and opinions (especially biased opinions) is a very important life skill. Learning to differentiate between factual public health material and financially motivated health advertising is important for self-care and self-advocacy. A teacher can provide samples of both types of communication, helping students to identify the author and purpose of the announcement and further explaining how to tell the difference.

Quinton is at the doctors office, and the doctor is explaining the doctor's diagnosis and proposed treatment. Which of the following actions will best help Quentin communicate with the doctor about his health needs? A. Listening attentively to the doctor and checking for understanding by paraphrasing the doctor and asking for information as needed B. Taking detailed notes so that he can review them after the appointment and then call the doctor with questions C. Asking the doctor to delay explaining the treatment until they can schedule a follow-up appointment so that he has time to think about the diagnosis D. Concentrating on thinking of questions while the doctor is speaking and asking the questions as soon as there is an opening

A. Listening attentively to the doctor and checking for understanding by paraphrasing the doctor and asking for information as needed Why? Listening attentively and paraphrasing what the speaker has said to check for understanding or to seek clarification are important components of active listening. Active listening is an important skill for communication and health providers about health-related needs and concerns.

Which of the following body systems controls both voluntary actions and involuntary actions, including the body's reaction to stimuli, and acts as the body's electrochemical communication system by sending signals to organs? A. Nervous B. Circulatory C. Respiratory D. Muscular

A. Nervous Why? The nervous system includes the brain, the spinal cord, the sensory organs, and the peripheral nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and other organs of the body, as well as to blood vessels, muscles, and glands. These organs and nerves are responsible for controlling the body and facilitating communication among its parts. Nerves and specialized cells known as neurons transmit signals between different parts of the body

The neutral structure and capacity of adults and adolescents are most similar in the area of the brain that: A. Seeks pleasure and rewards B. Allows rapid learning through rote activity C. Controls executive functioning D. Regulates rest and sleep

A. Seeks pleasure and rewards Why? An area of the teenage brain that is well developed is the part of the brain that seeks pleasure and rewards, the nucleus accumbens. However, the parts of the brain controlling emotional and impulsive responses are not as well developed, leading adolescents to engage in risky impulsive behavior

According to evidence-based research, which of following types of educational approaches is most likely to help students avoid tobacco use? A. an informational model approach in which students learn about the negative effects of inhaling toxins B. A Social Influence approach in which students learn how to resist social pressures. C. an individual deficit model approach in which students learn self-esteem enhancement techniques D. a holistic behavior approach in which students learn listening, empathy, and negotiation skills

B. A social influence approach in which students learn how to resist social pressures. Why? A social influence approach includes personalizing risks associated with use, dispelling myths and norms about use, teaching about how to identify and resist one's peer group, identifying types of family and media pressure, and emphasizing values. Numerous studies have documented the effectiveness of this approach.

Which of the following family factors is most closely associated with the risk of alcohol and other drug use in adolescence? A. Low parent/guardian expectation for academic achievement B. Parental/guardian skepticism of information learned at school and the value of school C. Infrequent parental/guardian monitoring adolescents when not in school D. Inconsistent discipline of adolescent by parents/guardians

C. Infrequent parental/guardian monitoring of adolescents when not in school. Lack of support and supervision from parents, guardians, and other adult caregivers, along the infrequent monitoring and communication, is significantly linked to a greater frequency of drinking, heavy drinking, and drunkenness among adolescents. When parents/guardians monitor and check in often with the teenage children the children feel accountable to their parents/guardians and are less likely to drink alcohol excessively.

Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the skill of active listening A. A leader who is facilitating a group discussion listens attentively to each speaker and then summarizes key points for the group B. A listener attempts to memorize separate components of complex oral explanations, and later thinks about and identifies connections between the components C. A member of a work team listens in a group meeting to participants and makes quick notes of key points and anything needing clarification D. A Listener focuses attention on the speaker, using body language to convey understanding and responding in ways that make the speaker feel heard

D. A listener focuses attention on the speaker, using body language to convey understanding and responding in ways that make the speaker feel heard Why? Active listening is one of the most important components of effective communication. Active listening involves focusing attention on the speaker, giving the speaker time to express him or herself, avoiding developing a response while someone is speaking, and using body language to let the speaker know that one is listening. Active listening also involves paraphrasing the speaker's points to verify understanding and asking appropriate questions for clarification

In researching health issues, which of the following resources is likely to provide the most reliable and accurate information? A. A website where a health professional answers questions submitted to a blog B. The association of Consumer Health call-in telephone line C. An article written by a health professional in a widely circulated newspaper D. A Research-based article on the National Institutes of Health Web site

D. A research-based article of the National Institutes of Health Web sites Why? The National Institutes of Health funds and reports on researched and peer-reviewed articles, so their information is a reliable source of health information

During a fifth-grade health education unit, the teacher presents students with prosocial steps for preventing bullying, including being inclusive by welcoming or inviting others to join activities and groups and sitting near with or near students who may be vulnerable to targeting by bullies. Next, the teacher plans to teach a lesson on resisting in-person bullying. The teacher will emphasize that all students involved in bullying situations have responsibility and accountability in those situations. The teacher will also pose the following rhetorical questions - How would you react if you saw someone being bullied on the bus or outside at recess? - If you see friends or classmates laughing along with a bully who is teasing somebody, what should you do? Which of the following additional topics would be most important to include in this lesson?

A. "Upstander" strategies that students can use if they encounter bullying (e.g., speaking up against the bully, asking bystanders to help intervene, walking away with the targeted student) Why? According to best practices in skill-based health education, students should learn about positive actions they can use to prevent bullying and to address it while it is happening and after it occurs. In this lesson, the teacher should introduce students to "Upstander" or ally-type intervention strategies to use then they witness bullying. For example, student upstanders who feel safe confronting a bully can invoke school or bus rules and tell the bully to stop, encourage bystanders to stand up to a bully, verbally support the targeted student, or walk away with and talk with the targeted student about reporting the incident

Healthful sources of dietary protein are important to the development of adolescents because Protein helps carry out which of the following sets of functions? A. Building muscles, fighting off infections, transporting oxygen in the blood B. Aiding in the formation of white blood cells, storing energy, regulating growth C. Regulating the thyroid, protecting cells from damage, fighting inflammation D. Supporting proper brain function, regulating mood, aiding in digestion

A. Building muscles, fighting infections, transporting oxygen in the blood Why? Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are the three main types of nutrients that provide calories. All play an important part in adolescent's diet. Proteins are essential for building and repairing muscles and other tissues. The body also uses dietary proteins to help build proteins that make up the immune system. The protein hemoglobin is responsible for almost all of the oxygen carrying capacity in the blood

Which of the following Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) can be treated and cured with antibiotics, but can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and infertility in females if untreated? A. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea B. Human papillomavirus and hepatitis B C. Genital warts and herpes simples virus D. Trichomoniasis and syphilis

A. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Why? Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Because chlamydia often does not cause symptoms, health expers recommend that sexually active individuals get tested for it regularly. If not treated, chlamydia can cause serious problems, such as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in females and infertility in both males and females. Gonorrhea is another common STI, characterized by symptoms that occur within 2 to 10 days after exposure and develop for up to 30 days. Recently, it has become more difficult to treat gonorrhea successfully because resistance has built up against the antibiotics used to treat the disease. Untreated gonorrhea may cause PID, Ectopic pregnancy, and infertility, and can sometimes spread to the blood, joints, heart, or skin

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children receives which of the following types of screenings between the ages of eleven and eighteen? A. Depressions Screening, Tuberculosis Screenings, Hearing Screenings B. Lead screening, HIV screening, Hepatitis C screening C. Drug and alcohol screening, autism screening, cholesterol screening D. Developmental screening, blood sugar screening, oral screening

A. Depression screening, tuberculosis screening, hearing screening. Why? Depression is common among adolescent, with approximately 12 percent of adolescents having a major depression episode each year. Depression can serious academic, social and physical consequences and lead to suicide. Depression is treatable, so it important to screen for it. Tuberculosis, while not common among adolescent, it can be dangerous. A student with TB may not have symptoms but can still infect others. Thus, TB is also important to screen. Environments that students are exposed to are often noisy, so it is important to do a hearing screening so that hearing loss can be identified early.

A health teacher's goals is to help students enhance their risk-assessment skills. The teacher has given a lecture explaining methods of risk assessment and has shown a short video in which adolescents use risk-assessment skills to evaluate various behavioral options. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate to use Next for enhancing students' ability to conduct meaningful risk assessments? A. Dividing the students in groups, giving each group scenarios that involve risk assessment, and asking students to role play using and evaluating different risk-assessment strategies B. Asking students to research other risk-assessment models, identify previous situations where they needed to do risk assessment, and write one page describing how the research models would work in their identified situations. C. Asking students to pair up and interview their partners about what risk assesment strategies they use

A. Dividing students in groups, giving each group scenarios that involve risk assessment, and asking students to role play using and evaluating different risk-assessment strategies Why? Assessing risk is a difficult task for adolescents. During this stage of their development, adolescents often downplay risk and believe that they are immune from potential negative consequences. The teacher has described effective skills and shown how they can be used successfully in different situations. With this background, practicing these skills has been shown to be the most effective strategy for preparing adolescents to negotiate and make good decisions about whether to participate in risky behaviors.

Before relying on Web-based information to evaluate health-related products or services, which of the following guidelines would be most helpful to follow? A. Do not use information that is published without an identifiable author B. Use only information that is also published in journals or newspapers C. Do not use information that is more than two years old D. Use only information that is published on .edu or .org Web sites

A. Do not use information that is published without an identifiable author Why? Information that does not have an identifiable author is a red flag and should not be used in evaluating health products. There is no way to know the credibility of the author or the author's motivations

A health education teacher's objective for a unit of study is to have students critically analyze how various types of media influence health-related beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. Which of the following activities would be most useful as an introductory lesson to address this objective? A. Show the class a video clip of a health-related advertisement. Discuss the ad's appeal, target audience, claims, and types of message. Then have students work in groups to analyze printed media messages B. Invite a student who was negatively affected financially by marketing and advertising claims to address the class. Then ask students to locate advertisements similar to the one the student talked about and write about key features of the ad C. Ask students to use current research on analyzing advertisements to prepare and give a presentation on the dangers of advertisements to adolescents.

A. Show the class a video clip of a health-related advertisement. Discuss the ad's appeal, target audience, claims, and type of message. Then have students work in groups to analyze printed media messages Why? By showing the video clip and discussing it with students, the teacher models how to critically evaluate advertisements. By working in small groups, students have the opportunity to practice this skill and learn from other students.

Miriam is mad at her sister, Asha, because Asha is borrowing Miriam's clothes and possessions without asking her and has ruined some of Miriam's favorite items. Which of the following action would likely be the most effective FIRST step for Miriam to take in resolving situation? A. Sitting down with her sister and saying, "I feel upset and disrespected when you borrow my things without asking." B. Talking to their mother and asking her mother to prohibit Asha from borrowing Miriam's things C. Borrowing Asha's possessions without permission so that Asha can understand how it feels D. Saying in a calm tone to Asha, "Please do not borrow my things without asking; you are inconsiderate and selfish when you do this

A. Sitting down with her sister and saying, "I feel upset and disrespected when you borrow my things without asking," Why? Effective personal communication is one of the most important tools for adolescents to learn to be well-functioning adults. In difficult situations, it is effective to use "I Statements," such as Miriam's statement, "I feel upset..." This statement is not accusatory and does not make the listener feel defensive. Starting communications in this way can be a basis for fostering positive communications in the future

When helping students evaluate dietary habits and nutritional status, which of the following family environment factors is it most important for a health education teacher to remain sensitive to? A. The ability of families to shop at stores with nutritional food B. Families' ethnic and traditional food choices C. Families views on the need for exercise to offset food intake D. The extent to which families eat meals together

A. The ability of families to shop at stores with nutritional food Why? While it is essential to teach students about how to eat healthy, a teacher must recognize the families who live in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas may not have access to healthy foods. These neighborhoods, often called "food deserts" are areas in which there are few or no grocery stores that sell healthy food, especially fruits and vegetables/ Also some families may not have a car to drive to a grocery store that sells healthy foods.

A teacher is designing lessons for middle school students on self-monitoring strategies. Which of the following types of activities is likely to be most appropriate to use in teaching these strategies? A. Viewing a film in which students experience anger or loss of self-control, analyzing with students the situations in film to determine self-monitoring opportunities, then having students practice self-monitoring skills in small group activities B. Asking students to read an article on self-monitoring strategies, asking students to identify situations in which self-monitoring would be useful, then having students write a paragraph on how they plan to use self-monitoring in the future C. Delivering a brief lecture on self-monitoring, asking students to list the benefits of self-monitoring immediately after the lecture, then having students work in pairs to identify situations in which self-monitoring must be used

A. Viewing a film in which students experience anger or loss of self-control, analyzing with students the situations in film to determine self-monitoring opportunities, then having students practice self-monitoring skills in small group activities Why? Showing a film about students dealing with anger, control issues, or interpersonal conflicts lends relevance to lessons on self-monitoring; Students are more likely to relate to the need to use self-monitoring when the situations are realistic and involve people their age. By analyzing with students where and how self-monitoring would be appropriate and prompting students to describe self-monitoring strategies, the teacher can actively engage students in applying self-monitoring skills to violate situations. Practicing these skills by acting out scenarios in small groups or role-playing specific skills is an excellent way to give students experience and confidence in using the skills in realistic situations

At school, many students and staff are sick with colds. Which of the following recommendations is likely to have the most impact on controlling the spread of the disease? A. Washing Hands often and well B. Asking students to stay home until all symptoms are gone C. Recommending students eat food that is high in vitamin C D. Encouraging students to sleep 8 hours each night

A. Washing hands often and well Why? By practicing food hygiene through handwashing, students and staff can greatly reduce the transmission of the viruses that cause cold. Research has firmly established that washing hands thoroughly with soap and warm water is the most effective way of preventing the spread of colds and flu.

Which of the following assessment strategies matches a component of health-related fitness and an appropriate way of measuring that fitness component in an adolescent student? A. Joint flexibility: measuring the height that an adolescent can jump up and reach to from a squatting position B. Abdominal strength: measuring the number of curl-ups an adolescent can do comfortably in a specified time C. Muscular endurance: measuring the rate that adolescent can pick up a progression of heavier weights. D. Cardiorespiratory endurance: measuring how fast an adolescent completes an obstacle course

B. Abdominal strength: Measuring the number of curl-ups an adolescent can do comfortably in a specified time Why? Determining how many curl-ups an adolescent can comfortably complete in specified time is a good indication of abdominal strength, an important component of core or trunk strength. Core strength is important because it promotes better balance and stability and reduces injuries, particularly back-related injuries. Curl-up task are part of a standard battery of test used to measure physical fitness.

Between 2011 and 2015, the U.S. Surgeon General's office reported that e-cigarette used among high school students increased by 900 percent. In 2015 in Illinois, 47 percent of high school students surveyed reported that they had tried an electronic vapor product. This upward trend in the use of electronic vapor products containing nicotine by high school students is largely a result of easy access to the products online and which of the following factors? A. Advertising of electronic vapor products on large-screen monitors in sports stadiums and through endorsements by sports figure B. Aggressive marketing by tobacco and other companies directed at youth to attract them to multi-flavored electronic vapor products C. Increased competition for the youth tobacco-related market exerted by manufacturers of traditional smokeless tobacco products

B. Aggressive marketing by tobacco and other companies directed at youth to attract them to multi-flavored electronic vapor products Why? Recently, young people have been using e-cigarettes and other electronic vapor products at increasing rates. The U.S. Surgeon General's office estimates that teenagers' use of e-cigarettes has eclipsed their use of cigarettes, and has called e-cigarette use among youth a significant public health concern. The Surgeon General's office also concluded that the flavors in e-cigarettes are main culprits in attracting young people.

In general, in which of the following ways can a health education teacher best promote respect for diversity in the classroom? A. Decreasing students' prejudice through identification and discussion of stereotypes B. Allow students to tell their unique stories in an open and supportive environment C. Increasing students' understandings of diversity through presentations by speakers from different background D. Honoring diversity by asking students from different groups to explain key accomplishments of their ethnic or cultural group

B. Allowing students to tell their unique stories in an open and supportive environment Why? By allowing students to share their personal stories, a teacher can encourage students to define their own identities. When a teacher gives students a supportive space to share information about who they are and what they care about, the students will feel heard and valued. Listening to other students' stories will also promote respect for diversity by expanding students' understanding and appreciation for other individuals, groups, and experiences

A teacher's objective for a class lesson is to increase students' participation in physical activity. Which of the following activities would likely be most effective in achieving this objective? A. Discussing with the class the benefits of physical activities B. Asking students to work in pairs to discuss activities they have enjoyed in the past and to choose a physical activity they will try in the next week C. Inviting a guest speaker who is an accomplished athlete to talk to the class about his or her health D. Asking students to research various physical activities and create posters that show the activities with data on the type and characteristics of each activity

B. Asking students to work in pairs to discuss activities they have enjoyed in the past and to choose a physical activity they will try in the next week Why? By suggesting that students choose an activity they would like to participate in, the locus of control is shifted from an external requirement to an internal response, which is shown to increase the chances a person will follow through with a plan.

During a secondary health education unit, students learn about the effects of lifestyle behaviors risk on the functioning of the body systems and organs. The health education teacher makes the following list of the negative effects of one particular lifestyle behavior on parts of the body. BAIN: - Interferes with the brain's communication pathways - Makes it harder to think clearly and move with coordination - Depresses brain centers HEART: - Stretching and drooping of heart muscle - Irregular heart beat - High blood pressure Liver: - Steatosis, or fatty liver - Hepatitis -Fibrosis This list would be most appropriately used to reinforce a class discussion about the health consequences of which of the following negative lifestyle behaviors? A. Taking anabolic steroids B. Binge drinking alcohol C. Using smokeless tobacco products D. Abusing prescription stimulants

B. Binge drinking alcohol Why? Alcohol can slow the rate of communication between neurotransmitter in the brain. It suppresses a neurotransmitter called Glutamate, which results in a slowdown in thoughts, speech, and movement. Repeated binge drinking can weaken the heart muscle, causing a condition known as Cardiomyopathy in which the weakened heart muscle stretches and droops and becomes unable to contracts efficiently.

A health education teacher would like to help student develop the skills to advocate for their health needs. Which of the following instructional strategies would likely be most effective for developing these skills? A. Assigning a reading on self-advocacy, discussing this reading in class, asking students to write a page on the topic using examples, and having student partners talk about what they wrote about B. Conducting a class discussion on self-advocacy in which the teacher provides realistic examples of self-advocacy that incorporate students' perspectives and then dividing students into small groups to act out situations in which they are required to advocate for their health needs

B. Conducting a class discussion on self-advocacy in which the teacher provides realistic examples of self-advocacy

A health education teacher is helping students self-assess their health needs and draft healthy lifestyle goals. One student acknowledges that she is sedentary, is about 30 pounds overweight, and has an unhealthy diet. Which of the following goals is likely to be the most appropriate for this student to strive toward initially? A. Losing 20 pounds and being able to run two without stopping B. Eating several servings of fruits and vegetables daily and exercising for 30 minutes four times per week C. Losing two pounds per week and exercising for 60 minutes daily D. Minimizing or eliminating carbohydrate intake and exercising daily with intense aerobic exercise for 30 minutes

B. Eating several servings of fruit and vegetables daily and exercising for 30 minutes four times per week Why? Students who are beginning a personnal health and wellness program and establishing initial goals should focus on developing goals that are concrete, realistic, and relevant to their specific health needs. In this situation, incorporating more fruits and vegetables into the daily diet adheres to national recommended nutritional guidelines while providing energy and serving as a weight management tool. Appropriate goals should also include specific actions and a time frame. Exercising four times a week for 30 minutes is likely to be a manageable schedule, which can be adjusted incrementally and progressively over time. The given student's goals are also measurable, another important characteristic of effective goal setting.

Which of following instructional practice sequences is most likely to help students resist pressure to engage in risky sexual behavior? A. Ask students to fill out anonymous survey about situations in which they have dealt with pressure to engage in unwanted sexual behavior, then use the results to prepare a lecture on the best strategies for managing similar situations. finally, have students work in small groups to discuss what has worked best for them in dealing with these situations B. Explain effecting decision-making, resistance, and refusal techniques to students and provide them with written materials summarizing techniques for handling pressures to engage in risky behavior. Then give students an opportunity to practice those techniques C. Lead a discussion of various scenarios where students may feel pressure to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Then ask students to work in small groups to identify the risk.

B. Explain effective decision-making, resistance, and refusal techniques to students then provide them with written materials summarizing techniques for handling pressure to engage in risky sexual behavior. Then give students an opportunity to practice these techniques. Why? By explaining the techniques, the teacher allows students to learn decision-making, resistance, and refusal techniques through listening; this is especially effective with auditory learners. Written material reinforced these concepts and is helpful to visual learners. Practice is especially important because it gives students confidence in their ability to carry out these techniques. In this scenario, the teacher is focusing on helping students develop skills in decision-making that will be applicable in a variety of situations

Which of the following statements accurately describes a significant difference between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) A. HIV transmission is possible during any stage of HIV infection, but is no longer possible once AIDS has developed B. HIV attacks the body's immune system, while AIDS leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections C. HIV can be cured through administration of a combined drug therapy, while AIDS can be controlled but not cured D. HIV attacks the organs of the endocrine system, while AIDS reduces the body's ability to regulate homeostasis and the body temperature

B. HIV attacks the body's immune system, while AIDS leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections Why? HIV attacks the body's immune system, specifically T cells, and can be treated but not cured. If left untreated, HIV develops into AIDS, when the body's immune system is so badly damaged that it cannot fight off opportunistic infections such as pneumonia. Infection-related cancers can also develop

Which of the following list presents three infectious diseases? A. Type 2 diabetes, mononucleosis, fibromyalgia B. HIV, Tuberculosis, Measle, C. Flu, celiac disease, hypothyroidism D. Common cold, dermatitis, lyme disease

B. HIV, Tuberculosis, measle, Why? HIV is an infectious disease transmitted through sexual contact or through contaminated blood. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it can be prevented and cured, but the treatment takes six months and without ongoing patient support, it is difficult to cure. Measles is an infectious disease that can be prevented by a vaccine which is routinely given to children in the U.S. Complications from measles can be severe.

Which of the following resources would likely be most useful for disseminating valid health information to a variety of audiences within the school community? Why? A. National Foundation for Health's information alerts B. Illinois Department of Health's new subscription service C. MedConnecter's health glob D. Illinois Department of Education's School Health Connection newsletter

B. Illinois Department of Health's news subscription service Why? The Illinois Department of Health provides regular news on health-related issues. By subscribing to this service, a health teacher can easily disseminate important health information to the school community

A Health Education teacher wants to design instructional strategies that enhance students' conflict management and resolution skills. The teacher shows a video that features a conflict situation and then ask the students to break down what happens. The teacher then uses the video and discussion to identify conflict management and resolution skills that were used in the situation, and skill that could have been used to more effectively facilitate conflict resolution. The NEXT more appropriate steps in this instructional sequence would be to have students: A. Interview one student about situations involving conflicts that they have encountered B. Practice the conflict resolution skills they have discussed in role-playing situations C. Use the internet to conduct research into how people in different cultures resolve conflicts

B. Practice the conflict resolution skills they have discussed in role-playing situations Why? The best way for students to improve their conflict resolution skills is by practicing them. Through practice, students can evaluate different ways of responding and become competent in using these skills. When a real situation happens, students will have the experience and confidence to utilize these skills

Which of the following instructional strategies is most likely to promote students' skills in becoming health literate and advocates for their own personal health and wellness? A. Improving students' technical skills in interpreting data from peer-reviewed medical studies B. Providing opportunities for students to practice asking questions in simulated medical situations C. Helping students analyze and evaluate medical advertising D. Assigning lessons in which students read medical advice then answer questions to assess comprehension

B. Providing opportunities for students to practice asking questions in simulated medical situations Why? With increased technology and cost-cutting measures in health care, health literacy can be challenged for most people. The basis for health literacy is understanding that one has the right to understand and make decisions about their health care. When students are empowered to ask questions about their health situations, they develop confidence in dealing with medical situations and assessing health-care information. This is a critical first step in health literacy

Tammy, a high school student, is feeling stressed. She has a paper and test due in three days and is trying to work on her paper, but she is having trouble focusing. Which of the following short-term strategies is likely to be the most helpful? A. Taking a bath and drinking a warm beverage B. Putting on music and moving or dancing for 15 minutes C. Stretching for 10 minutes and take deep breaths for two minutes D. Writing problems and concerns in a journal

B. Putting on music and moving or dancing for 15 minutes Why? Studies have shown that physical activity is superior to many other strategies for coping with stress. Physical activity takes the mind off of concerns and increases concentrations of norepinephrine, a chemical that can moderate the brain's response to stress. Exercise also releases endorphins, which creates a feeling of happiness.

Which of the following sets of characteristics best describes a student with positive mental and emotional health? A. Caring, self-directed, and demonstrates a love of learning B. Resilient, self-confident, and maintains positive personal relationships C. Independent, calm, and considerate of others D. Enthusiastic, self-reliant, and accepting of life's demands and disappointments

B. Resilient, self-confident, and maintains positive personal relationships Why? Positive mental and emotional health is important for all aspects of life. Being resilient, having positive feelings of self worth, and not allowing emotions such as fear, anger love, guilt, or anxiety to overwhelm one's life are important internal protective factors for positive emotional health. A healthy self-concept, feeling good about one's self, and the ability to maintain lasting and satisfying relationships are hallmarks are good mental and emotional health.

Which of the following strategies are likely to be most useful to students in avoiding bullying situations? A. Identifying a potential bully, finding out information about the bully, preparing a response to a bully highlighting negative information about the bully, and confronting the bully B. Telling a bully to stop in a calm, clear voice, walking away, telling a trusted adult about the bully, avoiding places without adults where a bully may be, and staying near adults and friends C. Initially responding to a bully in a calm, confident manner, and if the bullying persist, taking the initiative to verbally attack the bully and then walk away in a calm, confident manner D. Ignoring a bully, staying away from school locations and activities where bullying could occur or has already occurred, and reminding oneself that bullying incidents are rare

B. Telling a bully to stop in a calm, clear voice, walking away, telling a trusted adult about the bully, avoiding places without adults where a bully may be, and staying near adults and friends Why? Everyone deserves to be treated with respect. It is important to respond to a bully in a calm manner and to tell the bully to stop in an unequivocal way. Walking away is another important strategy. Students should let an adult know so that the situation can be monitored and the victim will have support. Avoiding places where bullying happens and staying near adults, peers, and friends are preventative measure can be taken.

Two students are walking home from school when they see and unresponsive teenager lying on the sidewalk. According to principles of emergency first aid, which of the following actions should the students take first? A. Phoning a responsible adult B. Checking the scene to make sure it is safe C. Initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) D. Examining the teenager for signs of shock

Before attempting to help and injured person, responder should first use all senses to make sure there is no hazard or threat of danger for the responders or the injured person. Checking an outdoor area for dangers such as fumes, chemical spills, busy traffic, animals, or other threats is an important safety strategy. Assessing the scene for safety will help ensure that examining and treating the injured person will not result in injury to responders or further injury to the victim

In which of the following ways can a family most appropriately foster healthy family communication? A. Using only positive language when participating in family conversations about difficult family situations B. Setting up weekly meetings in which a different family member each week is the featured speaker who chooses a topic to discuss with the family C. Listening to family members and providing acknowledgement by asking clarifying questions and providing nonverbal cues such as nodding one's head D. Asking family members about their day on a daily basis and responding by identifying and describing situations that are similar to the family members' responses

C. Listening to family members and providing acknowledgement by asking clarifying questions and providing nonverbal cues such as nodding one's head Why? Listening attentively to family members by asking clarifying questions and giving nonverbal cues is called active listening. Active listening is the cornerstone of good family communications because it validates family member's worth and shows respect for family members by paying attention to each family member's concerns

Which of the following health consequences is most likely to be associated with drinking significant amounts of alcohol as a young adolescent? A. Low blood pressure B. Increased likelihood of blood clots C. Low Bone Density D. Overactive thyroid glands

C. Low Bone Density Why? Drinking alcohol during early adolescence has significant negative health impacts on many parts of the body. Alcohol consumption during adolescence reduces peak bone mass and can result in relatively weak adult bones that are more susceptible to fracture.

Which of the following condition is most likely to exacerbate asthma symptom in children and adolescents? A. Performing light-to-moderate physical activity in warm weather B. Being sleep deprived C. Playing outdoors while high levels of ozone are present D. Experiencing gastrointestinal distress

C. Playing outdoor while high levels of ozone are present Why? Ozone is a harmful air pollutant caused by car exhaust and emission from power plant and industrial manufacturing. Ozone is a know irritant to lung and can cause acute asthma attack and exacerbate asthma symptom

Which of the following set of strategies linked to a specific health problem best demonstrates an example of hierarchy of (1) Primary, (2) Secondary, and (3) Tertiary disease prevention concepts and practices? A. Flu: 1) Providing education and training on the importance of washing hands; 2) offering supplementary education on proper cleaning methods for schools, homes, and buildings; 3" Recommending people stay home when they have the flu B. Tuberculosis: 1) Administering skin test to everyone over the age of 6 months; 2) Isolating individuals with tuberculosis; 3) Vaccinating high-risk individuals C. Rash from swimming in a river: 1) Eliminating upstream contaminants that are causing the rash; 2) Ensuring that swimmers are checked for the rash by lifeguards so that they can be treated right away; 3) Setting up support programs for those with the rash

C. Rash from swimming in a river: 1) eliminating upstream contaminants that are causing the rash; 2) ensuring that swimmers are checked for the rash by lifeguards so that they can be treated right away; 3) setting up support programs for those with the rash Why? PRIMARY disease prevention and practices involve eliminating the source of a health problem. By stopping contaminants from entering the river, the diseases in this situation will be eliminated. SECONDARY prevention aims at reducing the impact of an illness or injury that has already occurred. By having lifeguards check for the rash at the river and treating it immediately, they can control the impact of the illness. TERTIARY prevention aims to reduce the impact of an ongoing disease or condition. Support groups and programs could help people who are living with the rash.

Which of following descriptions of symptoms accurately characterizes short-term and long-term effects of abusing opioid drugs? A. Short-term: headaches, fever, chills; long-term: Loss of muscle mass and anemia B. Short term: violent behavior & hallucinations; Long-term: memory loss and confusion C. Short Term: Nausea, Vomiting, and Unconsciousness: Long Term: Liver and Brain Damage

C. Short Term: Nausea, Vomiting, and Unconsciousness; Long-Term: Liver and brain damage Why? Opioids have become the most abused drug in the U.S. Short term effects of opioids are Nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness along with constipation and depressed respiration. This depressed respiration can affect the amount of oxygen that reaches the brain, a condition called hypoxia. Hypoxia can lead to brain damage. The liver clears opioids from the body; toxins in opioids affect the ability of the liver to clear opioids on the body. Addiction and death from opioid overdose is a significant health problem in the U.S.

Which of the following descriptions of short-term and long-term effects accurately characterizes the effects of exercise on human body systems? A. Short term: improvement in elasticity of blood vessels; long term: increase in capillary strength B. Short term: decrease in blood pressure; long term: increase in resting heart rate C. Short term: increase in blood volume; Long term: increase in heart stroke volume D. Short term: decrease in lactic acid; long term: increase in vitamin D production

C. Short term; increase in blood volume; Long term: increase in heart stroke volume Why. In the long term, exercise improves the functioning of many body systems. The body's blood volume increases within 24 hour of exercise. As a response to regular exercise, the heart muscle is strengthened and each heart stroke is stronger, delivering a higher blood volume to the body. This increases the amount of oxygen available to all body systems

Which of the following statements accurately describes a major tenet of social cognitive theory? A. Repetitive stimuli helps individuals quickly react to new situations and people B. Norms and intentions are the primary influences of future behavior C. Knowledge acquisition occurs through observing how people interact with each other. D. Individuals use outcomes from their previous behaviors to determine their future behaviors

C. Social Cognitive Theory hold that some of an individual's knowledge acquisition is directly attributed to observing others in social interactions, situations, and experiences. Individuals learn by observing the results of other people's behaviors and model their behavior after successful behaviors they observe.

During a health education lesson on avoiding drug use, one student states that most high school students probably use prescription pills or molly or ecstasy (MDMA) on a regular basis or to get high. Other students murmur in agreement. During the next class, the teacher presents the following information, explaining to students that the statistics are from a recent, large-scale, anonymous Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) of Illinois high school students. - Ever took prescription drugs without a doctor's prescription (one or more time during their life) 14% students responded YES - Ever used ecstacy (also called MDMA, one or more times during their life) 6.1% students responded YES The teacher's use of relevant statistics to address the students' misperception reflects the teacher's understanding of principles and strategies associated with the: A. Humanist learning approach B. Health belief model C. Social norm appro

C. Social norm approach Why? Research indicates that the attitudes, beliefs, and behavior of family and peers have a major impact on one's health-related decisions. For example, if a student believes that a majority of their peer group use a particular drug, the likelihood of that student trying the drug increases. However, what students perceive as a typical or normal in their peer group is often not based in fact. Presenting actual statistics, many of which highlight positive behaviors, can help students develop positive attitudes and make healthy choices

An injured individual appears unconscious, exhibits shallow labored breathing, and is bleeding profusely from the leg. According to first aid principles, which of the following procedures should a responder carry out first? A. Improving the individual's breathing by starting mouth-to-mouth resuscitation B. Ensuring that the individual maintains body heat by covering him or her C. Stemming the flow of blood by applying direct pressure to the wound D. Checking for a heartbeat by placing fingers on the individual's throat at the carotid artery

C. Stemming the flow of blood by applying direct pressure to the wound Why? Because a person can bleed to death rapidly, it is most important to first stop the flow of blood before proceeding with other first aid interventions. Applying pressure is an appropriate way to decrease blood loss

A Health education teacher had the opportunity to interact with a student named Marisa, both in and out of class and has a good relationship with the student. The teacher is concerned that Marisa may have an eating disorder. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the teacher to take FIRST in this situation? A. The teacher approaches Marisa at lunchtime and sits down with her in a private place, explain her concerns, and recommends that Marisa seek professional help B. The teacher documents her concerns and schedules an appointment for Marisa to speak with a guidance counselor. C. The teacher lets Marisa know that she cares about her, listens carefully to Marisa, and uses Marisa's responses to determine the next step in helping Marisa. D. The teacher calls Marisa's parents, explain her concerns, and ask the parents to talk with Marisa

C. The teacher lets Marisa know that she cares about her, listens carefully to Marisa, and uses Marisa's responses to determine the next step in helping Marisa Why? The student who have an eating disorder tend to hide their eating problems, so it is important to try to establish a connection with the student and demonstrate availability and empathy before broaching the possibility of an eating disorder. In this situation, the teacher is a trusted adult who has a good relationship with the student. The teacher would likely avoid putting the focus on food and instead let Marisa know that the teacher is concerned and cares about her. By focusing on how the student feels, listening carefully, and then taking cues from the student, the teacher can assess the situation and determine the next best step. It is important to intervene early to make sure a student gets help before the student experiences serious health effects

Which of the following questions is likely to be most relevant for students to explore during the early adolescent stage of development? A. Who are we? B. What do I want to do when I grow up? C. Who am I? D. How do I know if I am doing the right thing?

C. Who am I? Why? As students grow from childhood to adulthood, they are developing their cognitive abilities and grappling with questions of identity. By allowing students to explore their self-identity (Who am I) in a safe environment, students are more likely to develop a strong sense of self and become more confident with feelings of independence and control.

In which of the following ways for birth control methods such as the birth control pill, the vaginal ring, and the contraceptive patch prevent prenancy? A. By releasing spermicide compounds into the blood stream on a timed-release basis, which gradually destroys sperm cells B. By releasing chemicals that affect the motility of sperm, thereby preventing sperm from joining with an egg C. By releasing probiotics to increase the acidity of uterine tissue, thereby creating inhospitable conditions for egg implantation D. By releasing hormones that keep the ovaries from releasing eggs so there is no egg to join with sperm

D. By releasing hormones that keep the ovaries from releasing eggs so there is no egg to join with sperm Why? Hormonal methods of birth control prevent eggs from being released from the ovaries, thicken cervical mucus to block sperm from entering the uterus, and thin the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation. Combination birth control pills, vaginal contraceptive rings, and hormonal skin patches contain two hormones, Estrogen and Progestin, that both work together to help prevent pregnancy in these ways. Because there is no egg or ovum that can be fertilized by sperm cells, pregnancy cannot occur

A student named Sandy has been seeing a doctor for a chronic condition. After a recent visit, Sandy realizes that she is uncomfortable with some of the doctor's recommendations. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for Sandy to take in this situation? A. Following the doctor's recommendations until her next scheduled appointment and then discussing her concerns with the doctor B. Talking with a trusted adult and then following the adult's recommendations on which health measures to follow C. Researching her concerns online and following common-sense recommendations until her next scheduled appointment when she can discuss her concerns D. Calling the doctor, expressing her concerns, listening to the doctor, and then continuing the discussion until she feels comfortable with the health plan

D. Calling the doctor, expressing her concerns, listening to the doctor, and then continuing the discussion until she feels comfortable with the health plan Why? Good health care requires an active partnership between a patient and a health-care provider. Sandy has the right to understand her doctor's recommendations and, in collaboration with her doctor, to make health-care decisions with which she is comfortable. She has the right to ask questions and to contact her doctor if she is uncertain or uncomfortable with the doctor's treatment plans. It is also important to not wait in making these decisions and to not make decisions without consulting the health-care provider

Which of the following outcomes is the most important reason for a health education teacher to address students' individual and group norms about health and unhealthy behaviors? A. Improving communication about healthy lifestyle strategies B. Matching the instructional delivery of health education to students' learning styles C. Aligning instructional strategies to appropriate cultural context D. Correcting students' misperceptions about their peers' health-related behaviors

D. Correcting students' misperceptions about their peers' health-related behavior Why? Norm are a set of beliefs that individuals or groups hold. Social norm theory applies to health behavior situations in which an individual erroneously concludes that the behaviors of peers are generally unlike their own. For example, students may believe that many of their peers engage in alcohol and other drug use when, in fact, the majority do not.

Which of the following types of foods contains all nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts to meet the body's needs? A. Citrus fruits B. Beans and seeds C. Peanut butter and other nut spreads D. Fish and shellfish

D. Fish and Shellfish Why? Protein foods are broken down by the digestive system into amino acids. The human body requires several types of amino acids in amounts sufficient to maintain good health. The nine essential amino acids must be supplied by food. Fish and shellfish are good sources of complete protein, or protein that contains the nine essential amino acids, along with meat, eggs, and milk.

Which of the following resources is likely to be most useful to a secondary health education teacher who plans to teach skill-based lesson on reducing personal risk related to sexual and reproductive health, relation violence, bullying, and sexual harassment and abuse? A. the CDC's Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool's (HECAT's) module on sexual health B. The Journal of Schools Health's series of articles on school health policy issues C. the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United State (SIECUS) D. FoSE's National Sexuality Education Standards: Core Content and Skills, K-12

D. FoSE's National Sexuality Education Standards: Core Content and Skills, K-12 Why? The National Sexuality Education Standards: Core Content and Skills, K-12, developed as an ongoing initiative called the Future of Sex Education (FoSE) by a consortium of health education organizations, provides clear, consistent guidance on essential core content for sexuality education. The standards and supporting materials are developmentally and age-appropriate for students in grades k-12, and are organized in a sequential plan designed to be part of a comprehensive school health education approach

Which of the following elements are most important in developing a family emergency plan? A. Practicing emergency procedures with all family members every month and updating the plan yearly B. Establishing an evacuation route for family members and keeping adequate medical supplies in vehicles C. Stocking a lower-level room or luggage with food and water to last family members a week D. Identifying a location where family members will meet and determining an out-of-state contact that family members will call

D. Identifying a location where family members will meet and determining an out-of-state contact that family members will call Why? An emergency can happen unexpectedly, so it is important to identify a location where all family members will meet to make sure everyone is safe. In an emergency, it may be easier to get a call through to an out-of-state person. This may be particularly good way of making sure everyone is safe because in an emergency, family member may not have their cell phones or be able to charge them.

Which of the following skills or activities will best help students respond to and reduce bullying? A. Establish a strong relationship with an older student B. Avoiding places where students are not supervised C. Developing confidence by focusing on academic success D. Learning to respond in a calm, assertive manner

D. Learning to respond in a calm, assertive manner Why? When students act in an assertive manner, bullying behavior tends to decline. On the other hand, research shows that when students respond aggressively, bullying tends to last longer and get worse. Additionally, when students respond in an emotional manner, bullying tends to persist, but by responding in a calm and rational way students become less of a target for bullying

Which of the following objectives accurately characterizes the central focus of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) Model? A. Ensuring that health educators, teachers, families, and outside services develop consistent messages to promote students' health B. Implementing on-site mental health services for students and families in schools in communities and economic hardships C. Using a systematic process of developing health goals, assessing needs, and implementing and evaluating health programs D. Linking health and educational goals while emphasizing a school-wide approach that acknowledges integration with the community

D. Linking health and educational goals while emphasizing a school-wide approach that acknowledges integration with the community Why? The WSCC Model, is characterized by an approach in which the child is the Focal Point and Health and Educational Goals are Linked. WSCC builds upon the coordinated school health model, calling for greater integration of health and education outcomes through coordinated policy, process and practice to ensure that students are ready to learn, emotionally and physically healthy, engaged, and prepared for self-sufficiency in adulthood. *In the model, the "Whole Child" is encircled by a full range of school and support, which is encircled by the community, representing the importance of the connection to supportive resources in the community.

If students' friend becomes a victim of a violent crime, the best initial response from the student is generally to: A. Help the friend explore personal safety strategies to prevent becoming a victim in the future B. Refer the friend to a support group for survivors of violent crime C. Relate the friends experience to other people who have had similar experiences D. Listen to the friend without judgement and acknowledge his or her feelings

D. Listen to the friend without judgement and acknowledge his or her feelings Why? Being a good listener is one of the most important skills students can learn. By listening, a friend shows respect. When someone is a victim of a crime, there is a process of healing and that healing starts when someone listens to what the victim has to say, thus acknowledging their feelings. Often, victim blame themselves for the crime, so being nonjudgmental is important

In the typical sequence of development, which of the following types of skills or abilities is likely to be fully developed LAST in adolescents and young adults? A. Generalization B. Moral Reasoning C. Empathy D. Planning

D. Planning Why? Current research indicates that brain development continues into the mid-twenties (on average until approximately 25 years old). The last part of the brain to develop fully is the prefrontal cortex, which is the area responsible for executive functions, including planning

Tina, an 18-year-older swimmer, is working with a trainer to improve her strength. Which of the following methods would be best suited to her objective? A. Designing a program that focuses on muscles needed most for competitions B. Increasing the number of repetitions at a constant weight for each exercise C. Combining aerobic exercise and weight resistance with little rest between activities D. Increasing progressively the amount of weight for each exercise so that muscles are overloaded

D. Progressive overload works muscles to full capacity. Weights are chosen so that muscles are loaded beyond the point that they are normally loaded. This slightly damages the muscles, and then during subsequent rest, the muscles are repaired and strengthened so that they can resist a stronger load. By progressively increasing the weights, that muscles become stronger. This differs from increasing the number of repetitions of the same weight over time, which develops muscle endurance.

When teaching student skills for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillation (AED), which of the following practices is most likely to help students perform the skills in real-life situations? A. Having students watch a detailed video featuring the use of CPR and AED techniques B. Asking students to produce video clips on the purpose of and the steps used in CPR and AED C. Pairing students and asking partners to quiz each other on CPR and AED procedures D. Providing CPR-AED manikins and having students take turns practicing with them

D. Providing CPR-AED manikins and having students take turns practicing with them Why? Having students practice CPR and AED procedures on manikins is preferred because hands-on training is one the best methods of teaching important lifesaving techniques. Simulating a rescue situation and using a manikin allows students to practice skills in a safe learning environment. This improves students' confidence and self-efficacy. Additionally, students are more likely to remember concepts that they have practice in concrete ways

Which of the following precautions is most important for students to follow in the event of an indoor fire? A. Walking upright to increase line of sight when exiting smoke-filled rooms B. Covering one's head and body with a blanket or other heavy fabric before attempting to exit a burning structure C. Calling 911 before helping other exit a burning structure D. Remaining in a room with the doors closed if smoke, heat, or fire block the exit and calling or signaling for help

D. Remaining in a room with the doors closed is smoke, heat, or fire block the exit and calling or signaling for help Why? In the event of fire, one should not open doors without feeling them for heat. If the doors is hot, one should remain in the room and either call for help or signal for help from a window. Opening the door may cause a strong fire to engulf the room

A health education teacher works in a high school in which most of the students are from low-income families. After that school nurse informs the teacher that many student have not received their meningococcal immunization, the teacher talks with some students and parents and learns that a shared concern is the perceived cost of the vaccine. Which of the following programs is likely to be the most appropriate resource in making the vaccine affordable for students and families? A. Preventative Care for Youth, a program available at community health centers that provide free vaccine physicals for low-income children B. The Healthy Child, a program run by the American Red Cross that provides free medical care to disadvantaged youth C. Vaccines for Children, a federally funded program that provides free vaccines through doctors' and pediatricians' offices

D. Vaccines for Children, a federally funded program that provides free vaccines through doctor' and pediatricians' offices Why? Vaccines for Children (VFC) is a federal program that provides free vaccines to children who may not otherwise receive them. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) buys vaccines at a discount and then distributes them to state and other groups, who then distribute them to doctors' and pediatricians' offices. Families that are uninsured or underinsured or underinsured can receive free vaccines in over 44,000 doctors' offices throughout the nation

Which of the following students is most likely showing signs of depression? A. Marta has been doing well in school. Recently she has received a few Bs on assignments and has come home in tears. She has decided to quit playing softball so that she can devote more time to her studies B. Anton's parents have been arguing more frequently lately. Anton is sometimes angry himself and occasionally lashes out at fellow students. He avoids talking to adults and friends about his home situation C. Anika has several good friends, but she often chooses to spend time alone after school. If her friends are not available, Anika will usually by herself during lunch D. Vinny has been playing in the school band and taking advanced courses. Recently, he has been sleeping a lot, not focusing in school, neglecting close friendships, and showing no interest in usual activities.

D. Vinny has been playing in the school band and taking advanced courses. Recently, he has been sleeping a lot, not focusing in school, neglecting close friendships, and showing no interest in usual activities Why? Depression is prevalent among teenagers, and it is important that school staff be able to recognize it so that schools can be provided with the opportunity to start treatment. Changes in sleeping habit, trouble focusing, loss of interest in activities, and withdrawing from family and friends are all signs of depression. Students may also feel hopeless and sad.

Which of the following steps is most important to do before strenuous physical activities in order to reduce injuries? A. Drinking at least 16 ounces of a sport drink with balanced electrolytes B. Eating a high-carbohydrate meal between two and four hours before an activity C. Doing at least 20 minutes of yoga D. Warming up with cardiovascular activities and stretching for at least five minutes

D. Warming up with cardiovascular activities and stretching for at least five minutes Why? One of the best ways to reduce injuries is to warm up before engaging in strenuous physical activities. By stretching and doing some preliminary cardio activity, the body is better prepared to participate in physical activity. The muscles have more oxygen and are more flexible

Which of the following list best identifies the elements, principles, and processes of health promotion and disease prevention that are most important for a health education teacher's knowledge base? A. Pain protocol, triage procedures, functional health knowledge B. Life cycle health cost, disinfection procedures, diagnostic protocol C. Social-culture models, health belief, stabilization techniques D. Wellness Behaviors, Health-related skills, group norms

D. Wellness Behaviors, Health-related skills, group norms Why? Teachers need to understand Wellness Behavior because an important objective of health education is motivating students to engage in healthy (wellness) behaviors. Helping students develop health-related skills is essential to students because they can use these skills throughout their lives to evaluate new health information and make decisions about their behavior. Understanding group norms is also important for a health teacher; if a teacher does not understand group norms, it is likely that a teacher's lesson will not be understood and internalized by students.

In addition to dairy foods, which of the following types of food is a good source of calcium in the diet? A. Lean red meat B. Dark-green leafy vegetables C. Orange fruits and vegetables D. Whole grains Also what is a good source of Vitamin C?

Dark-green leafy vegetables such as collard greens, spinach, kale, Swiss chard, arugula, mustard greens, and broccoli are good sources of calcium in the diet. Calcium is particularly important for childhood and adolescent growth and development: it helps build strong bones and teeth and is essential for nerve and muscle function.