Health Psych Chapter 10 pain management

Which of the following statements most accurately exemplify the meaning of pain control?

1. A patient no longer feels anything in an area that once hurt. 2. A patient feels sensation but not pain. 3. A patient feels pain but is no longer concerned about it. 4. A patient is still hurting but is now able to tolerate it.

Identify the true statements about A-delta fibers.

1. small, myelinated fibers 2. transmit sharp, brief pains rapidly 3. respond to mechanical or thermal pain

Arrange the steps in the biofeedback process in the correct order of occurrence.

1. the target function to be controlled is identified 2. the target function is tracked by a machine, which give feedback to patient 3. the patient learns what behaviors or thoughts will modify the bodily function through trial and error and continuous feedback

The two major types of peripheral nerve fibers involved in nociception are - fibers and -fibers.

A delta and C fibers

Which of the following is considered an effective pain control technique?

A technique which reduces pain to sensation.

Identify the typical educational components of pain management programs.

Discussions of medications Depression as a consequence of pain

_____ are the natural pain suppression system of the body where opiate-like substances, produced within the body, constitute a neurochemically based, internal pain regulation system.

Endogenous opioid peptide

The endogenous opioid peptides, which are the natural pain suppression system of the body, were uncovered by _____.

H. Akil, D. J. Mayer, and J. C. Liebeskin

Identify instances where a chronic pain patient experiences pain strongly.

Impairment in pain regulatory systems High sensitivity to noxious stimulation Overlay of psychological distress

Identify the goals a patient needs to achieve in individualized programs of pain management.

Reducing dependence on medication and perception of disability Increasing physical activity and improving psychosocial functioning Reducing the intensity of pain

Identify the statements that show the medical significance of pain.

The presence of both pain and mental or physical disorders complicates diagnosis and treatment. Complaints of pain often accompany mental and physical disorders. Pain is a symptom that will lead a person to seek treatment.

Identify the true statements about C-fibers.

They are unmyelinated nerve fibers. They are involved in polymodal pain. They transmit dull, aching pain.

Identify the maladaptive coping strategies developed by chronic pain patients.

Withdrawing socially Catastrophizing their illness Engaging in wishful thinking

From a patient's standpoint, pain is a problem, whereas to a medical provider, it is _____

a by-product of a disorder

In the initial stage of pain management programs, _____.

a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the pain, its duration, and history are checked

While passive coping skills have been tied to poor pain control, _____.

active coping skills can reduce pain in patients with a variety of chronic pains

Unlike the surgical, sensory pain management, and pharmacological techniques, psychological techniques require _____.

active participation and learning on the part of a patient

_______ pain typically results from a specific injury that produces tissue damage whereas _________ pain typically begins with an acute episode,

acute , chronic

The C-fibers project onto different thalamic, hypothalamic, and cortical areas of the brain, whereas A-delta fibers project onto _____.

areas in the thalamus and the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

The third objective in cognitive-behavioral intervention is that clients are encouraged to reconceptualize their own role in the pain management process from _____.

being passive recipients to competent individuals who can aid in the control of pain

involves providing biophysiological feedback to a patient about some bodily process of which the patient is usually unaware

biofeedback

Coping skills training helps ________ pain patients manage pain.

chronic

Continuous low back pain is an example of _____.

chronic benign pain

Pain management programs are a coordinated form of treatment that have taken the place of addictive painkillers like morphine and surgery to deal with

chronic pain

_______ ____pain persists longer than 6 months and increases in severity with time. It is usually associated with degenerative disorders.

chronic progressive

Rheumatoid arthritis and skin cancer are examples of _____.

chronic progressive pain

The pain problem must be perceived to be modifiable for _______ and ________ methods to have any impact.

cognitive, behavioral

Unlike acute pain, chronic pain involves a great amount of _____.

complex interaction of physiological, psychological, social, and behavioral components

In relaxation, _______ ______ is added, in which breathing shifts from relatively short, shallow breaths to deeper, longer breaths.

controlled breathing

Spinal cord stimulation is an example of _____.

counterirritation

involves inhibiting pain in one part of the body by stimulating or mildly irritating another area.

counterirritation

Surgical treatment to control pain involves _____.

creating lesions or cutting so-called pain fibers at various points in the body so that pain sensations cannot be conducted

Patients may be taught to identify situations likely to give rise to their pain and to _____.

develop alternative ways of coping with the pain

One barrier to the treatment of pain is the _____.

difficulty people have in describing it objectively

One mental strategy for controlling discomfort is to _____.

distract oneself by focusing on another activity

Playing video games or watching an exciting movie can drive attention away from a painful injury. This is an example of

distraction

is a pain technique whereby focusing attention on an irrelevant and attention-getting stimulus or by diverting oneself with a high level of activity, one can turn attention away from pain.

distraction

Acute pain is defined as a pain that goes on for 6 months or less, whereas chronic pain _____.

does not decrease with treatment and the passage of time

Clients are encouraged to attribute their success to their own efforts, making them see themselves as _____.

efficacious agents of change and pain modification

Clients must be convinced that the skills necessary to control the pain can and will be taught to them, thereby _____.

enhancing their expectations that the outcome of the training will be successful

thermal damage

experience of pain due to temperature exposure

True of False: pain has objective referents

false

True or false: Chronic pain patients never require special guidance to get benefits from slow breathing.

false

A mental strategy that enables an individual to control his or her mental discomfort is by _____.

focusing directly on the events but to reinterpret the experience

Families may get frustrated and annoyed by a patient's pain complaints and inactivity. Thus, a goal of family therapy is to _____.

help family members develop more positive perceptions of each other

The degree to which pain is felt and how incapacitating it is depends in a large part on _____.

how it is interpreted

In the initial stage of pain management programs, after an evaluation with respect to patients' pain and pain behavior, an assessment is made of the functional status that explores _____.

how patients have coped with the pain in the past as it helps establish treatment goals

Chronic pain patients typically show elevated scores on three subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). These subscales are _____.

hypochondriasis, hysteria, and depression

By making patients responsible for success, they see themselves as agents of change and are _____.

in a better position to monitor changes in the pain and bring about successful pain modification

One barrier to the treatment of pain is that:

it is difficult for people to objectively describe pain.

Crossing and uncrossing our legs, shifting our posture, or rolling over while asleep are all examples of _____.

low-level feedback for pain

Patients are taught how and when to employ overt and covert behaviors in order to _____.

make adaptive responses to pain problems

Clients learn how to monitor their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to break up _____ ______ ___ that accompany chronic pain

maladaptive behavioral syndromes

The three kinds of pain perception are _____.

mechanical nociception, thermal damage, and polymodal nociception

The most common method of controlling pain is through the administration of drugs. The most popular drugs are _____.

morphine and local anesthetics

Any drug that influences _______ is a candidate for pain relief.

neural transmission

Chronic pain patients typically show elevated scores on three subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).This group of traits is commonly referred to as the

neurotic triad

are a coordinated form of treatment where patients are given extensive information about pain control.

pain management programs

mechanical nociception

pain perception that results from mechanical damage to the tissues of the body

polymodal nociception

pain that triggers chemical reactions from tissue damage

Because psychological factors are clearly implicated in the experience of pain, and because pain serves functions for some chronic pain sufferers, researchers have examined the presence of a

pain-prone personality

A common feature of pain management programs is _____, which includes teaching nonpharmacological measures for pain control, such as relaxation skills and distraction.

patient education

chronic benign pain

persists for 6 months or longer, relatively unresponsive to treatment, severity of pain varies

Chronic pain may result from a(n) _____.

predisposition to react to a bodily insult with a specific bodily response

Pain is critical for survival because it _____.

provides low-level feedback about the functioning of bodily systems

Unlike acute pain, chronic pain often carries an overlay of _______ ________ , which complicates diagnosis and treatment.

psychological distress

The first objective in cognitive-behavioral interventions is that patients are encouraged to _____.

reconceptualize the problem from overwhelming to manageable

pain involves intermittent episodes of pain that are acute in character but chronic as the conditions recur for more than 6 months.

recurrent acute

Migraine headaches and trigeminal neuralgia are examples of:

recurrent acute pain

Meditation, slow breathing, and mindfulness _____.

reduce pain sensitivity and can produce analgesic effects

The third objective in cognitive-behavioral intervention promotes feelings of______ -________ in patients.

self-efficacy

Psychological techniques are more effective for managing _____

slow-rising pains, which can be anticipated and prepared for than for sudden, intense, or unexpected pains

Pain is heavily influenced by _____.

the context in which it is experienced

Some surgical techniques attempt to disrupt the conduct of pain from the periphery to the spinal cord while others are designed _____.

to interrupt the flow of pain sensations from the spinal cord upward to the brain

A delta fibers

transmit the initial sharp pain one might feel right away from a sudden injury, Choice, Their activity heavily determines sensory aspects of pain. Their activity heavily determines the sensory aspects of pain.

True or false: Chronic patients often withdraw from their families.

true

True or false: Practitioners helping pain patients to develop more positive monologues increases the likelihood that cognitive-behavioral techniques will be successful. True false question.

true

C fibers

unmyelinated, slow-conducting fibers that carry peripheral impulses associated with pain to the spinal cord, long, dull pain; They influence the motivational and affective elements of pain.

Unlike chronic pain, most pain control techniques _____.

work well to control acute pain