Health

The 1965 Drug Abuse Control amendments referred to amphetamines, barbiturates, and hallucinogens as

dangerous drugs

The United States is providing increased military aid in the form of helicopters, defensive weapons, uniforms, and other supplies to be used in combating drug trafficking only to countries that

do not engage in a consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights

The 1988 amendment of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act brought back the death penalty for drug-related murders, and a further amendment in 1994 extended the death penalty to

drug kingpins

What did the 1912 Sherley amendment in the United States outlaw?

false and fraudulent therapeutic claims on labels

In 1986, President Reagan first declared that random urine tests for drugs should be performed on all

federal employees in sensitive jobs

The first groups of American students to be widely subjected to urine screening for drugs were those

involved in team sports

Private corporations, which may require drug testing before hiring new employees and/or may periodically test employees, have important reasons for adopting drug tests, but the bottom line in all cases is

money

n the early 1800s in the United States, physicians prescribed various forms of ______ liberally and with only limited concern about patients developing dependence.

opium

When a company submits an application to investigate a new drug in human clinical trials (IND) to the FDA, it is also required to submit all information from

preclinical investigations, including the effects of the drug on animals

Until the 1920s, following the passage of the Harrison Act, most users of opioids continued to receive them legally through

private physicians or public clinics

In the early 1900s, Dr. Hamilton Wright, the father of American narcotics laws, decided the United States could gain favored trading status with China by leading international efforts to

reduce opium importation

According to the 1956 Narcotic Drug Control Act, anyone caught ______ could receive the death penalty.

selling heroin to a person younger than 18

Early efforts to enforce the Harrison Act focused on

smugglers

Which of the following drug testing methods is more invasive of privacy than the rest?

supervised urine testing

Which law was passed as a result of the poisoning of 107 people by Elixir Sulfanilamide?

the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

Although the basic categorization of illicit drugs in schedules is similar in most American states,

there are large differences in the penalties

True or false: Increased drug-control efforts by federal agencies has resulted in an unquantifiable cost in the loss of individual freedom that is inevitable.

true

The Navy, followed by the other armed forces, was the first to ______ on a large scale in the United States.

use random urine screening

In the 1960s, the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs faced widespread disregard of drug laws by large numbers of young people who

were white, middle-class, and educated

When does a pharmaceutical company, desiring to introduce a new drug, supply to the FDA a "Notice of Claimed Investigational Exemption for a New Drug" (IND)?

when it is ready to study the effects of a compound on humans

The introduction of Blank______ by the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act has contributed greatly to a huge growth in prison populations over the past 20 years.

longer sentences, mandatory minimums, and no-parole provisions

The greatest discrepancy between state and federal drug laws is in the realm of ______ regulation.

marijuana

As of 2020, the legality of random, suspicionless urine testing for _____ has not been established at the federal level

public school students

Until 1912, the United States Food and Drug Administration tested products and pursued any that

were adulterated or didn't properly list any important ingredients.

Match

1906 - The Pure Food and Drugs Act regulated pharmaceutical manufacturing and sales. 1914 - The Harrison "Narcotics" Act regulated opioids and cocaine. 1918 - The prohibition of alcohol was ratified but implemented in the next year.

Match

Department of Agriculture - 1906 pure foods act Treasury Department - Harrison Act of 1914

One of the guiding forces for the______ was Dr. Harvey Wiley's findings on his careful study of the dairy industry and their foods.

Pure Food and Drugs Act

When 107 people in the United States died in 1937 from taking Elixir Sulfanilamide containing diethylene glycol that causes kidney poisoning, why was the federal government unable to intervene on the grounds that the mixture was toxic?

There was no legal requirement that medicine be safe.

Which sedative and sleeping pill caused a disaster in the late 1950s that raised public awareness and congressional concern about ineffective medicines in the United States, causing major reforms to be implemented?

thalidomide

What are the two main reasons for which private corporations adopt drug tests?

- They believe that drug-free workers will have better productivity. - They believe that the company will be protected against suits for drug-related negligence.

According to the 1956 Narcotic Drug Control Act, ______ had to result in a jail term, and no suspension, probation, or parole was allowed.

any drug offense except first-offense possession

One of the major concerns of the U.S. Senate in the late 1950s was that some of the most widely sold over-the-counter medicines were probably Blank______, and there was no law against this.

ineffective

An international conference met in 1912 to discuss controls on the opium trade. Great Britain wanted ______ included as well, because these were replacing opium, which led to several countries agreeing to control international trade and domestic sale and use of these substances.

morphine, heroin, and cocaine

In the early 1800s, the most reliable and effective medicine of medical doctors, used for a variety of conditions but most notable as a pain reliever, was

opium

What changes were introduced by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970?

- It did away with mandatory minimum penalties. - It based drug control on both public health and law enforcement perspectives.

Identify the important classes of drug laws.

- group of laws that has resulted in the criminalization of certain types of drug use, possession, and sales. - group of laws that regulates the practices of entities that manufacture or dispense legal drugs.

Identify the costs involved in drug enforcement.

- the cost of housing drug-law violators in state prisons, local jails, and federal prisons - the cost of crimes committed to purchasing drugs at black market prices - the incalculable price of placing local and state police and federal agents in danger of losing their lives to combat the drug trade

Match

Department of Agriculture - administered a law aimed at ensuring that drugs were pure and honestly labeled. Treasury Department - was responsible for taxing alcohol, and it would later be responsible for enforcing Prohibition.

Match

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare - this was given funding for drug-related research, treatment, and prevention efforts. Justice Department's Drug Enforcement Agency - this was given responsibility for controlling certain drugs directly rather than through tax or interstate commerce laws.

As part of international efforts aimed at reducing drug supply, the ______ has agents in more than 40 countries assisting the local authorities in eradicating drug crops, locating and destroying illicit laboratories, and interfering with the transportation of drugs out of those countries.

Drug Enforcement Agency

Which class of drug laws is similar to laws that regulate the safety of other products such as automobiles, furnaces, and toys?

The group of laws that regulates the practices of entities that manufacture or dispense legal drugs.

One of the precursors to the Pure Food and Drugs Act was the 1906 publication of _____, which exposed the horribly unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry and shocked Congress and America.

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle