healthy living ch 3

What percentage of millennials (ages 18-33) say their stress levels have increased in the last year?

39%

What percentage of college students report they have experienced more-than-average to tremendous levels of stress during the last 12-month period?

55%

narcolepsy

A neurological disorder that causes people to fall asleep involuntarily during the day.

non-REM (NREM) sleep

A period of restful sleep dominated by slow brain waves; during non-REM sleep, rapid eye movement is rare.

REM sleep

A period of sleep characterized by brain-wave activity similar to that seen in wakefulness; rapid eye movement and dreaming occur during REM sleep.

Stress Hormones are

Adrenaline increases your heart rate, elevates your blood pressure and boosts energy supplies. Cortisol, the primary stress hormone, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain's use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues.

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system controls the stress response?

Autonomic Nervous System, Sympathetic- fight or flight; adrenal glands secrete adrenaline and other hormones into bloodstream and increase heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow to muscles, sudden physiological changes allow for quick response to stressor

parasympathetic nervous system

Branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for slowing systems stimulated by the stress response.

Which personality type tends to be stoic, with a tendency to stuff feelings down and conform to the wishes of others?

C

explain hostility

Cognitive, affective, and behavioral tendencies toward anger, distrust, and cynicism

explain overload

Condition in which a person feels overly pressured by life's demands

explain stress inoculation

Consciously preparing ahead of time for potential stressors

background distressors

Environmental stressors of which people are often unaware.

explain explain background distressor

Environmental stressors of which people may be unaware

explain sympathomimetics

Food or other substances that can produce stress-like responses when consumed

sympathomimetics

Food substances that can produce stresslike physiological responses.

nocturia

Frequent urination at night caused by an overactive bladder.

explain cortisol

Hormone released by the adrenal glands that makes stored nutrients more readily available to meet energy demands

explain epinephrine

Hormone that stimulates body systems in response to stress

explain appraisal

Interpretation and evaluation of information provided to the brain by the senses

Which of the following is a time-management tip that can help reduce stress?

Make a list of tasks, prioritize, and budget time to handle them.

explain downshifting

Making lifestyle changes to simplify one's life and reduce stress

explain coping

Managing events or conditions to lessen the physical or psychological effects of stress

explain cognitive restructuring

Modification of thoughts, ideas, and beliefs that contribute to stress

explain chronic stress

Ongoing state of physiological arousal that occurs in response to one or more stressors over a prolonged period of time

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system controls the relaxation response?

Parasympathetic

explain physchological hardiness

Personality trait characterized by a sense of control and commitment and willingness to embrace challenges

explain meditation

Relaxation technique that focuses on controlled breathing and getting in touch with the inner self

explain acute stress

Short-term physiological response to an immediate real or perceived threat

explain distress

Stress that can have a detrimental effect on health, also known as negative stress

explain eustress

Stress that presents opportunities for personal growth, also known as positive stress

stress inoculation

Stress-management technique in which a person consciously anticipates and prepares for potential stressors.

explain psychosocial stressors

Stressors that include hassles, frustration and conflicts, overload, and stressful environments

explain biofeedback

Technique to teach self-monitoring and control of physical responses to stress

immunocompetence

The ability of the immune system to respond to attack.

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

The pattern followed in the physiological response to stress, consisting of the alarm, resistance, and exhaustion phases.

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

The portion of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body functions that a person does not normally consciously control.

explain general adaptation syndrome

Three phases that make up the body's physiological response to stressors

Type D personality is characterized by a tendency toward excessive worry, irritability, gloom, and being withdrawn from others.

True

explain allostatic load

Wear and tear on the body caused by prolonged or excessive stress responses

allostatic load

Wear and tear on the body caused by prolonged or excessive stress responses.

resilience is what

able to recover quickly from difficulties

In the United States, WHAT percent of the population suffers from excessive daytime sleepiness.

about 20

After being exposed to a crisis, the body tries to return to homeostasis. This is referred to as a(n) __________.

adaptive response

Cortisol is secreted by the

adrenal glands.

general adaption syndrome, 3 stages

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

the exhaustion phase of general adaption syndrome

allostatic load or exhaustive were and tear on the body. this phase occurs when the physical and emotional energy used to flight the strict has been depleted. continual release of cortisol and other hormones reduce immunocompetence (the ability of the body to protect you)

Eating healthy foods helps in managing stress,

although the precise reasons are not fully understood.

A stress management technique that involves using equipment to monitor physical responses to stress and learning to control those responses is __________.

biofeedback

the resistance phase of general adaption syndrome

body tries to return to homeostasis. some stressor will still exist and body does not achieve complete calm.

Justin often engages in binge drinking on the weekends. This behavior puts him at risk for a dangerous sleep disorder in which the brain and the respiratory muscles do not communicate properly. It's known as

central sleep apnea.

Haley has to make a college choice by the end of the month. She has been accepted by three schools. Her parents want her to go to the same state university that they attended, but she is more interested in a small, private college known for its excellent drama department. Which type of stressor is this?

conflict

Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to allow the body to make energy more readily available from stored nutrients?

cortisol

Jordan was in a relationship that she recently ended when she found out that her partner was cheating on her. She is probably experiencing __________.

distress

The primary hormone responsible for stress-related physiological responses, such as an increase in heart rate, is __________.

epinephrine

After trying for several years to become pregnant, Eli and Jasmine recently found out that they are going to have a baby. They are feeling which type of stress?

eustress

All of the following are internal stressors EXCEPT __________.

frustrations and conflicts

Chemical messengers released from endocrine glands that travel in the bloodstream to a site where they help regulate body functions are _______.

hormones

Which of the following characteristics of a Type A personality is the most detrimental to health?

hostility

You just found out that you have a test tomorrow, and you don't know how you're going to find time to study. Which part of the brain determines your reaction to this stressor?

hypothalamus

why is stress bad

impacts heart rate, blood pressure, heart attack, stroke (cardiovascular disease). also weight gain and diabetes. reduction of killer T cells to help w immune response. mental disability and emotional dysfunction. less libido.

what is oxytocin in managing stress

is a stress hormone. it is pumped out in the stress response. motivates you to seek support. protects your cardiovascular system. heals, the heart has receptors for oxytocin.

which term is often used to describe the thinking or rational part of psychological health

mental health

psycological health encompasses :

mental, emotional,social, and spiritual health

what type of sleep restores the body

non rem

dimensions of wellness SPECIES

physical, intellectual, social, emotional, environmental, spiritual, occupational

Two parts of your brain that are critical to regulating circadian rhythm are the hypothalamus and the

pineal body.

Stress inoculation refers to reducing your level of stress by __________.

preparing ahead of time for stressful events

Andre is a person with a sense of control, commitment, and enthusiasm for embracing challenges. These traits indicate that he has __________.

psychological hardiness

sympathetic nervous system

responsible for stress arousal.

Anger can develop in response to all of the following EXCEPT a __________.

sense of safety and well-being

acute stress impairs what

short term verbal memory

a lot of exposure to cortisol means what

shrinking of hippocampus, brains major memory center.

The physical and mental response that our bodies go through when exposed to challenges or perceived threats is __________.

stress

biology of courage

stress response as helpful

What part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

sympathetic nervous system

the alarm phase of general adaption syndrome

the hypothalamus is the control center, determines the reaction to stress. adrenal glands release epinephrine (adrenaline) -more blood pumped, lung airway bigger, heart rate higher, glucose released. pituitary gland releases ACTH which releases cortisol. cortisol cases more stored nutrients to be released. endorphins to relieve pain.

Technostress is a common source of social distress in today's society.

true

leading cause of death 24-44

unintentional injury

Downshifting involves making changes in one's life to slow the pace and reduce pressures; this process is also known as __________.

voluntary simplicity

who are more likely to "tend and befriend" in response to stress.

women

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stress EXCEPT

your friend's level of stress.