hearing science midterm

The muscles of the middle ear are

stapedius, tensor tympani

the unit of pitch

mel

30-33 dB

middle ear enhances sound by

If the fundamental frequency of a rope fixed at both ends is 30 Hz, the frequency of the second harmonic is a. 30 Hz b. 90 Hz c. 15 Hz d. 60 Hz

60 Hz

In ___________ system, output amplitude is not proportional to the input amplitude

non-linear

Reissner's membrane

separates scalar vestibuli from scalar media

A grandfather clocks tick once when the pendulum swings from left to right and once again on the swing from right to left. There are two ticks each second. What is the frequency of pendulum motion in cycles per second (Hertz (Hz)) a. 0.5 Hz b. 1 Hz c. 4 Hz d. 2 Hz

1 Hz

A long pendulum hanging from the ceiling of the classroom has a period of 8s. What is the frequency of this pendulum? a. 4 Hz b. 8 Hz c. 1/4 Hz d. 1/8 Hz

1/8 Hz

If one note has a frequency of 500 Hz, the note one octave above is at ______ Hz a. 250 Hz b. 1000 Hz c. 4000 Hz d. 6000 Hz

1000 Hz

A bandpass filter has ___ cut off frequencies a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

2

3rd harmonic = a. 1st overtone b. 2nd overtone c. 3rd overtone d. 4th overtone

2nd overtone

While standing on a dock, you observe water waves passing beneath you. If you observe 20 wave crests passing directly below you in 2 minutes and judge the crests to be 1 m apart, what's the period of the waves? a. 10 seconds b. 20 seconds c. 3 seconds d. 6 seconds

6 seconds

If there are 10 sound sources in a room and each source generating 70 dB of noise. What will be the overall intensity level of noise in that room? a. 80 dB b. 70 dB c. 100 dB d. 140 dB

80 dB

A jet air plane takes 2 hours to travel 1600 miles in a straight line. What is the average velocity of the jet? a. 1600 miles per hour b. 800 miles per hour c. 900 miles per hour d. 600 miles per hour

800 miles per hour

8.2 Bels = _____ decibels a. 82 b. 820 c. 8.2 d. 0.82

82

If there are two sound sources in a room and each source generates 80 dB of noise. What is the overall intensity of noise in that room? a. 83 dB b. 80 dB c. 93 dB d. 160 dB

83 dB

tectorial membrane

A membrane located above the basilar membrane; serves as a shelf against which the cilia of the auditory hair cells move

Eustachian tube

A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Which statement is true for a tube/pipe open at both ends Antinodes will form at both ends Nodes will form at both ends Node will form on one end and antinode will form on another end None of the above

Antinodes will form at both ends

layers of tympanic membrane

Cuticular layer, Intermediate fibrous layer, Inner mucous layer

The rate at which work is done is called a. Power b. Force c. Impedance d. Displacement

Power

Studies of a listener's ability to detect small differences in pitch measure

frequency discrimination

Time required for sound energy to decay by 60 dB

T60

Which of the following statement is true? a. The decibel is the standard unit of sound frequency b. The decibel scale is a scale used for the frequency of musical notes. c. The decibel is the standard unit of measure of sound level. d. The bel is the standard unit of measure of sound level.

The decibel is the standard unit of measure of sound level.

Three pure tones of frequencies 6 Hz, 2 Hz, 3 Hz, and 8 Hz are played one at a time near a taut string of length 1 m that is tied at both ends. It is observed that only the 6 Hz tone makes the string vibrate in one of its allowed modes. From this information, can you deduce that a. The lowest natural resonant frequency is 6 Hz b. The lowest natural resonant frequency is 4 Hz c. The lowest natural resonant frequency is 3 Hz d. The lowest natural resonant frequency is 8 Hz

The lowest natural resonant frequency is 6 Hz

The time period of a complex periodic wave is equal to a. The time period of the fundamental frequency b. The time period of the 2nd harmonic c. The time period of the third harmonic d. The time period of the highest harmonic

The time period of the fundamental frequency

T/F: Compliance is inversely proportional to stiffness

True

T/F: If a hockey puck slides on a perfectly frictionless surface, it will eventually slow down because of its inertia

True

T/F: If the rise or fall Time is a signal is very short, an audible transient is heard

True

T/F: In transverse waves, particles of the medium move in perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels

True

T/F: The term just noticeable difference refers to the psychological sensation that corresponds to a change in the physical stimulus that can barely be detected

True

Sones

Units of perceived loudness directly proportional to loudness measured on linear scale

Identify the correct statement a. Power is the rate at which energy is transformed b. Intensity is the amount of energy transmitted per second over an area of one square meter c. Hertz is the standard unit of measure of loudness d. a and b

a and b

Which statement/s is true a. it's harder to get massive objects to vibrate quickly b. it's harder to get stiff objects to vibrate slowly c. it's harder to get massive objects to vibrate slowly d. a and b

a and b

Which type of filters have two cutoff frequencies ? Selected Answer:e. a. Band pass filter b. Band stop filter c. Low pass filter d. High pass filter e. a and b

a and b

As frequency increases, a. reactance due to mass increases b. reactance due to mass decreases c. reactance due to stiffness decreases d. a and c

a and c

A pure tone is always an a. Impulsive wave b. Electronically generated c. A sinusoidal sine wave d. At a very low frequency

a sinusoidal sine wave

Peak clipping is an example of

amplitude distortion

Standing waves a. move with a speed equal to the speed of sound b. only occur when the system is at certain temperatures c. can only occur in vibrating strings d. are a result of the superposition of two travelling waves

are a result of the superposition of two travelling waves

Which mechanism is the most effective impedance matching mechanisms of the middle ear?

area ratio transformation

area ratio

best impedance matching in middle ear

At resonant frequency a. The system is mass dominated b. The system is stiffness dominated c. Mass and stiffness reactance cancel each other d. Opposition to vibration comes from resistance component e. c and d

c and d

Force = a. Mass* Acceleration b. Change in velocity/time c. Pressure/ area d. Mass*gravity* height

mass x acceleration

Reverberation time is

directly proportional to the volume of the room, inversely proportional to the area of the opening

potassium

endolymph is high in

When a wave travels from one place to another, what is transported? a. Mass of the medium b. Mass of the source c. Energy d. Nothing

energy

T/F: Air and water have the same impedance

false

T/F: Apical portion of the basilar membrane is sensitive for the high frequencies

false

T/F: If impedance is infinite, intensity of the reflected wave will be less than the intensity of the incident wave

false

T/F: Node is the point of maximum displacement on a standing wave.

false

T/F: Tensor veli palatini is one of the muscles of the middle ear

false

When you have a frequency selective system, ______________ occurs from the input to the output

filtering

The middle ear acts as a

impedance matching device, tansducer

All are the parts of the inner ear EXCEPT

incus

Identify the correct equation a. Pressure=work/time b. Power= Force/Area c. intensity= Power/Area d. Force=Work*Power

intensity = power/area

If the impedance is infinite,

intensity of the reflected wave will equal intensity of the incident wave

Generation of combination tones (i.e. difference tones and summation tones) is an example of

intermodulation distortion

According to the inverse square law, " The sound energy per unit area received at any point is ___________ proportional to the square of the distance from the source" a. Directly b. Inversely c. a and b d. None of the above

inversely

For a complex periodic signal, the pitch is often corresponds to the ________ frequency in the waveform, which by definition is the fundamental frequency

lowest

Amount of inertia of an object is directly proportional to _______ a. Mass b. Stiffness c. Compliance d. Vibration

mass

tympanic membrane

not present on inner ear

A filter which is used to eliminate just one frequency a. Low pass filter b. High pass filter c. Band pass filter d. Notch filter

notch filter

transient distortion

occurs when the acoustic output level does not change as suddenly as the input signal

In a tube open at one end a. only odd harmonics can be produced b. only even harmonics can be produced c. both odd and even harmonics can be produced d. None of the above

only odd harmonics can be produced

Sometimes you can faintly hear somebody speaking behind a wall in the room next to you, because a. air molecules penetrate the wall and transmit the sound wave. b. sound waves can sneak through tiny openings in the wall. c. part of the original sound wave is transmitted through the wall. d. the original sound wave breaks apart when it hits the wall, and regenerates itself on the other side of the wall.

part of the original sound wave is transmitted through the wall.

amplitude distortion

peak clipping

sodium

perilymph is high in

As the absorption coefficient increases,

reflection decreases, reverberation time decreases

______________________ separates scala vestibuli from scala media

reissner's membrane

perilymph is in

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

endolymph is in

scalar media

helicotrema

the opening that connects the tympanic and vestibular canals at the apex of the cochlea

function of stria vascularis

to produce endolymph

T/F: 0 dB IL = 0 dB SPL

true

T/F: A very small portion of energy is transmitted if the impedance mismatch is large

true

T/F: Inner ear acts as a transducer

true

T/F: Interaural time differences (ITDs) are expected to provide localization cues for the lower frequencies

true

T/F: Mass reactance is greater at high frequencies

true

T/F: Perilymph is present in scala vestibuli and scala tympani

true

T/F: Sawtooth wave have energy at all harmonics (even and harmonics)

true

T/F: Scala media of cochlea consist of endolymph

true

T/F: Stiffness reactance is greater at low frequencies

true

T/F: The frequency of free vibration is also called as resonant or natural frequency

true

T/F: The lowest frequency of a complex periodic sound is called fundamental frequency

true

T/F: The period of a complex periodic waveform is equal to the period of the fundamental frequency or the first harmonic.

true

T/F: The unit for Pressure is N/m2

true

T/F: The unit of power is the watt

true

T/F: Tube length and fundamental frequency are inversely proportional to each other

true

T/F: Tube open at both ends can resonate at odd and even harmonics

true

T/F: When sound energy is moving from one medium to a new medium and the impedance of the new medium is not infinite, then some sound energy will be absorbed by the new medium

true

T/F: longer rise and fall time results in less transient distortion

true

T/F: stiffness in a system inhibits low frequency sound transmission

true

in both middle and outer ear

tympanic membrane

Phons

unit of equal loudness not directly proportional to loudness

Assume that you have a periodic wave travelling down an infinitely long rope. What happens to the wave length if you increase the period of this wave? a. wavelength will increase b. Wavelength will decrease c. Wavelength will not change d. a and b

wavelength will increase